Primary cilia are key regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. However, their mechanisms and functions, particularly in the context of human cells, are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the consequences of primary cilia modulation for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) proliferation and differentiation. We report that neither activation of the cilia-associated Hedgehog signaling pathway nor ablation of primary cilia by CRISPR gene editing to knockout Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 (TTBK2), a crucial ciliogenesis regulator, affects the self-renewal of hPSCs. Further, we show that TTBK1, a related kinase without previous links to ciliogenesis, is upregulated during hPSCs-derived neural rosette differentiation. Importantly, we demonstrate that while TTBK1 fails to localize to the mother centriole, it regulates primary cilia formation in the differentiated, but not the undifferentiated hPSCs. Finally, we show that TTBK1/2 and primary cilia are implicated in the regulation of the size of hPSCs-derived neural rosettes.

• MeSH
• centrioly metabolismus   MeSH
• cilie metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pluripotentní kmenové buňky * metabolismus   MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog * MeSH
• tau-tubulin kinase MeSH Prohlížeč

Primary cilia are hair-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most human cells. As cilia are dynamic, several aspects of their biology can only be revealed by real-time analysis in living cells. Here we describe the generation of primary cilia reporter cell lines. Furthermore, we provide a detailed protocol of how to use the reporter cell lines for live-cell imaging microscopy analysis of primary cilia to study their growth as well as intraciliary transport. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bernatik et al. (2020) and Pejskova et al. (2020).

• Klíčová slova
• Cell Biology, Cell culture, Microscopy, Molecular Biology,
• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• cilie * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cilia formation is essential for human life. One of the earliest events in the ciliogenesis program is the recruitment of tau-tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) by the centriole distal appendage component CEP164. Due to the lack of high-resolution structural information on this complex, it is unclear how it is affected in human ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis. Furthermore, it is poorly understood if binding to CEP164 influences TTBK2 activities. Here, we present a detailed biochemical, structural, and functional analysis of the CEP164-TTBK2 complex and demonstrate how it is compromised by two ciliopathic mutations in CEP164. Moreover, we also provide insights into how binding to CEP164 is coordinated with TTBK2 activities. Together, our data deepen our understanding of a crucial step in cilia formation and will inform future studies aimed at restoring CEP164 functionality in a debilitating human ciliopathy.

• Klíčová slova
• CEP164, TTBK2, basal body, centriole, centrosome, cilia, ciliogenesis, ciliopathy, distal appendage, nephronophthisis,
• MeSH
• ciliopatie genetika   MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrotubulární proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinové domény MeSH
• proteiny asociované s mikrotubuly metabolismus   MeSH
• stabilita proteinů MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CEP164 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• MAPRE1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mikrotubulární proteiny MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• proteiny asociované s mikrotubuly MeSH
• tau-tubulin kinase MeSH Prohlížeč

The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, in tight association with stemness, contributes to the mammary gland homeostasis, evolution of early neoplastic lesions and cancer dissemination. Focused on cell surfaceome, we used mouse models of pre-neoplastic mammary epithelial and cancer stem cells to reveal the connection between cell surface markers and distinct cell phenotypes. We mechanistically dissected the TGF-β family-driven regulation of Sca-1, one of the most commonly used adult stem cell markers. We further provided evidence that TGF-β disrupts the lineage commitment and promotes the accumulation of tumor-initiating cells in pre-neoplastic cells.

• MeSH
• ataxin-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelo-mezenchymální tranzice genetika   MeSH
• epitelové buňky patologie   MeSH
• experimentální nádory mléčných žláz genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat patologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie transplantace   MeSH
• nádorové kmenové buňky patologie   MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   patologie   MeSH
• plasticita buňky genetika   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce genetika   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ataxin-1 MeSH
• Atxn1 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• Erbb2 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta MeSH

Deciphering the properties of adult stem cells is crucial for understanding of their role in healthy tissue and in cancer progression as well. Both stem cells and cancer stem cells have shown association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various tissue types. Aiming to investigate the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic traits in adult mouse prostate, we sorted subpopulations of basal prostate stem cells (mPSCs) and assessed the expression levels of EMT regulators and markers with custom-designed gene expression array. The population of mPSCs defined by a Lin-/Sca-1+CD49fhi/Trop-2+ (LSC Trop-2+) surface phenotype was enriched in mesenchymal markers, especially EMT master regulator Slug, encoded by the Snai2 gene. To further dissect the role of Slug in mPSCs, we used transgenic Snai2tm1.1Wbg reporter mouse strain. Using this model, we confirmed the presence of mesenchymal traits and increase of organoid forming capacity in Slug+ population of mPSCs. The Slug+-derived organoids comprised all prostate epithelial cell types - basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine. Collectively, these data uncover the important role of Slug expression in the physiology of mouse prostate stem cells.

• Klíčová slova
• Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Organoids, Prostate stem cells, Snai2/Slug, Stemness,
• MeSH
• epitelo-mezenchymální tranzice * MeSH
• epitelové buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• pohyb buněk MeSH
• prostata * MeSH
• rodina transkripčních faktorů Snail genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rodina transkripčních faktorů Snail MeSH

Primary cilia play critical roles in development and disease. Their assembly and disassembly are tightly coupled to cell cycle progression. Here, we present data identifying KIF14 as a regulator of cilia formation and Hedgehog (HH) signaling. We show that RNAi depletion of KIF14 specifically leads to defects in ciliogenesis and basal body (BB) biogenesis, as its absence hampers the efficiency of primary cilium formation and the dynamics of primary cilium elongation, and disrupts the localization of the distal appendage proteins SCLT1 and FBF1 and components of the IFT-B complex. We identify deregulated Aurora A activity as a mechanism contributing to the primary cilium and BB formation defects seen after KIF14 depletion. In addition, we show that primary cilia in KIF14-depleted cells are defective in response to HH pathway activation, independently of the effects of Aurora A. In sum, our data point to KIF14 as a critical node connecting cell cycle machinery, effective ciliogenesis, and HH signaling.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční metabolismus   MeSH
• aurora kinasa A antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bazální tělíska metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčný cyklus genetika   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• cilie genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• interfáze fyziologie   MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kineziny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitóza genetika   MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• signální transdukce genetika   MeSH
• sodíkové kanály metabolismus   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční MeSH
• AURKA protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• aurora kinasa A MeSH
• citron-kinase MeSH Prohlížeč
• FBF1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny MeSH
• KIF14 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• kineziny MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog MeSH
• SCLT1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• sodíkové kanály MeSH

P38alpha kinase plays an important role in the regulation of both cell stress response and cell fate. In this study, we report that p38alpha kinase-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit a higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in contrast to their wild-type counterpart. Analysis of the expressions of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and dual oxidases, crucial enzymes involved in intracellular ROS formation, shows NOX2/gp91phox is over-expressed in p38alpha deficient cells. The particular increase in superoxide formation was confirmed by the specific detection of hydroethidine derivate 2-hydroxyethidium. ROS formation decreased when the level of NOX2 was silenced by siRNA in p38alpha deficient cells. These data suggest the importance of p38alpha kinase in the regulation of ROS metabolism in embryonic stem cells and the significance of the observed phenomena of cancer cell-like phenotypes, which is discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Embryonic stem cell, NADPH oxidase, Reactive oxygen species, p38 kinase,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• genový knockdown MeSH
• genový knockout MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií fyziologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• mitogenem aktivovaná proteinkinasa 14 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myší embryonální kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Cybb protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• mitogenem aktivovaná proteinkinasa 14 MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasa 2 MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH

A better understanding of in vivo behavior of nanocarriers is necessary for further improvement in their development. Here we present a novel approach, where both the matrix and the drug can be analyzed by LCMS/MS after one sample handling. The developed method was applied for the comparison of pharmacokinetic profile of free and encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) in oleyl hyaluronan (HA-C18:1) polymeric micelles. The results indicated that nanocarriers were rapidly dissociated upon in vivo administration. Despite this fact, the administration of encapsulated DOX led to its longer circulation time and enhanced tumor targeting. This effect was not observed injecting blank HA-C18:1 micelles followed by unencapsulated DOX. Biodistribution studies and molecular weight estimation of the carrier matrix indicated relatively high stability of HA-C18:1 ester bond in bloodstream and complete elimination of the derivative within 72 h. The proposed methodology provides a novel strategy to elucidate the pharmacokinetic behavior of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems.

• Klíčová slova
• Biodistribution, Doxorubicin, Hyaluronan, Pharmacokinetics, Polymeric micelles,
• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• doxorubicin chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• micely * MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• doxorubicin MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• micely * MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH

Human induced pluripotent stem cell line was generated from commercially available primary human prostate fibroblasts HPrF derived from a fetus, aged 18-24 weeks of gestation. The fibroblast cell line was reprogrammed with Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, KLF4) using CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. Pluripotency of the derived transgene-free iPS cell line was confirmed both in vitro by detecting the expression of factors of pluripotency on a single-cell level, and in vivo using teratoma formation assay. This iPS cell line will be a useful tool for studying both normal prostate development and prostate cancer disease.

• MeSH
• fibroblasty * cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• indukované pluripotentní kmenové buňky * cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Krüppel-like faktor 4 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plod * cytologie   embryologie   MeSH
• přeprogramování buněk MeSH
• prostata * cytologie   embryologie   MeSH
• techniky buněčného přeprogramování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The cell surface glycoprotein Trop-2 is commonly overexpressed in carcinomas and represents an exceptional antigen for targeted therapy. Here, we provide evidence that surface Trop-2 expression is functionally connected with an epithelial phenotype in breast and prostate cell lines and in patient tumor samples. We further show that Trop-2 expression is suppressed epigenetically or through the action of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors and that deregulation of Trop-2 expression is linked with cancer progression and poor patient prognosis. Moreover, our data suggest that the cancer plasticity-driven intratumoral heterogeneity in Trop-2 expression may significantly contribute to response and resistance to therapies targeting Trop-2-expressing cells.

• MeSH
• antigeny nádorové genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• CD antigeny biosyntéza   MeSH
• epitelo-mezenchymální tranzice fyziologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• kadheriny biosyntéza   MeSH
• karcinom patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA genetika   MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prostaty mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• nádory prsu mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• xenogenní modely - testy antitumorózní aktivity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny nádorové MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• CDH1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• kadheriny MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze MeSH
• TACSTD2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč