Nanofiber scaffolds provide numerous advantages over common carriers engineered for microorganisms. The most important advantage is an increased speed of primary surface colonization (up to four times faster), which shortens the time required for the areal biofilm formation and optimum performance of attached microorganisms (higher efficiency of biological activity of up to twice as fast). Image analysis predicts early formation of biofilm even in beginning stages; analysis of biofilm reveals the different structures of bacterial colonies on both scaffolds (higher porosity, size, and number of bacterial colonies on nanofiber's surface). The image analysis correlates well with determinations of dry matter (linear correlation of 0.96) and proteins (linear correlation of 0.89).

• MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• kultivační média * MeSH
• nanovlákna * MeSH
• polyurethany MeSH
• poréznost MeSH
• Rhodococcus MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média * MeSH
• polyurethany MeSH

High levels of an aromatic nitrilase (about 37 microkat/L culture) were induced in Fusarium solani O1 after transfer of the mycelium from a rich medium into a medium with 20 mmol/L picolinonitrile. The mycelium was entrapped in lense-shaped particles consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol copolymer (LentiKats). The cell-free extract was immobilized by hydrophobic binding onto a Butyl Sepharose column. The enzyme was useful for the mild hydrolysis of nicotinonitrile, isonicotinonitrile and benzonitrile.

• MeSH
• aminohydrolasy biosyntéza   MeSH
• Fusarium enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• imobilizované buňky metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nitrily metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminohydrolasy MeSH
• nitrilase MeSH Prohlížeč
• nitrily MeSH

Wastewaters from a chemical industry polluted by heavy metal ions represent a hazard for all living organisms. It can mean danger for ecosystems and human health. New methods are sought alternative to traditional chemical and physical processes. Active elimination process of heavy metals ions provided by living cells, their components and extracellular products represents a potential way of separating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. While the abilities of bacteria to remove metal ions in solution are extensively used, fungi have been recognized as a promising kind of low-cost adsorbents for removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous waste sources. Yeasts and fungi differ from each other in their constitution and in their abilities to produce variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with different mechanisms of metal interactions. The accumulation of Cd(2+), Cr(6+), Pb(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) by yeasts and their EPS was screened at twelve different yeast species in microcultivation system Bioscreen C and in the shaking Erlenmayer's flasks. This results were compared with the production of yeast EPS and the composition of yeast cell walls. The EPS production was measured during the yeast growth and cell wall composition was studied during the cultivations in the shaking flasks. At the end of the process extracellular polymers and their chemical composition were isolated and amount of bound heavy metals was characterized. The variable composition and the amount of the EPS were found at various yeast strains. It was influenced by various compositions of growth medium and also by various concentrations of heavy metals. It is evident, that the amount of bound heavy metals was different. The work reviews the possibilities of usage of various yeast EPS and components of cell walls in the elimination processes of heavy metal ions. Further the structure and properties of yeasts cell wall and EPS were discussed. The finding of mechanisms mentioned above is necessary to identify the functional groups entered in the metals elimination processes.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• buněčná stěna metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix chemie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nikl izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• těžké kovy izolace a purifikace   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH

The aim of the present study is to determine optimal adhesive interaction of phenolic compounds utilizing Candida maltosa and Rhodococcus erythropolis when adhering to kaolin, silicone, synthetic foil (Steriking R40) and fluorinated silicones, comparing cell and support surface hydrophobicity. In parallel, the interfering effect of detergents was investigated. Data obtained show that the less hydrophobic supports display high initial cell adhesion when contacted with the cell type with a lower surface hydrophobicity (yeast cell) but most stable yeast biofilms are those formed on highly hydrophobic fluorinated silicones. On the other hand, support hydrophobicity has no effect on bacterial cell detachment; however, bacterial biofilms are denser when growing on more hydrophobic supports. Both detergents interfere (independently on the cell type) with the early and late phases of biofilm development.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Candida růst a vývoj   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   MeSH
• Rhodococcus růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• fenoly MeSH

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• Candida růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly farmakokinetika   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• nakládání s odpady metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenoly MeSH

Fourteen samples of humic acids (HA) were screened for ability to influence reproduction and biodegradation activity of eukaryotic cells in the presence of chosen toxic pollutants. Microorganisms Candida maltosa and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (soil isolates) were used for all tests. It was observed during our experiments that some samples of humic acids served as a protection against the high concentration of toxic pollutants (phenol, naphtalene etc). This effect can be widely used in many bioremediation technologies.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• Candida růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• huminové látky * MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• Rhodotorula růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• huminové látky * MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH

Aromatic contaminants of the environment, to which belongs phenol and its derivatives, are toxic and in most of the cases hard to degrade. Removal of these pollutants by biological, gentle and effective way, depends on specific environmental conditions in the locality and on the biodegradation potential of the used microbial population. Closer characterization of the biodegradation and enzyme mechanisms is therefore an essential assumption of the successful implementation of microbes. This paper is focused on comparison of the biodegradation activity between the soil yeast Candida maltosa and bacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis towards various aromatics connected with determination of the first enzyme of the phenol biodegradation pathway: phenol hydroxylase (PH). The effect of substrate type, substrate concentration, growth phase of the microorganisms and presence of humic acids in the cultivation medium, on phenol biodegradation and PH activity are discussed.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• Candida enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fenoly farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• nakládání s odpady metody   MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí metabolismus   MeSH
• Rhodococcus enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenoly MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí MeSH
• phenol 2-monooxygenase MeSH Prohlížeč

The strain Rhodococcus erythropolis CCM2595, which was shown to degrade phenol, was chosen for genetic studies. To facilitate strain improvement using the methods of gene manipulation, the technique of genetic transfer was introduced and cloning vectors were constructed. Using the plasmid pFAJ2574, an electrotransformation procedure yielding up to 7x10(4) transformants/microg DNA was optimized. Escherichia coli- R. erythropolis shuttle vectors were constructed using the replicons pSR1 and pGA1 from Corynebacterium glutamicum. The small vector pSRK21 (5.8 kb) provides six unique cloning sites and selection of recombinant clones using alpha-complementation of beta-galactosidase in E. coli. This vector, exhibiting high segregational stability under non-selective conditions in R. erythropolis CCM2595, was applied to cloning and efficient expression of the gene coding for green fluorescent protein (gfpuv).

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• Corynebacterium genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fenol metabolismus   MeSH
• genetické vektory MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• luminescentní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• replikon genetika   MeSH
• Rhodococcus genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• transformace genetická MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• fenol MeSH
• luminescentní proteiny MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH

The inhibitory effect of xenobiotics known to damage cell surface structures was studied. The sensitivity of suspended cells of the two fungi Candida maltosa and Fusarium proliferatum was compared with that of artificial or natural biofilms of these fungi. The results obtained indicate that the resistance of attached cell populations to model xenobiotics is increased compared with suspended cells. Only the attached fungal cells had the capacity to degrade acetone and phenol and to adapt to increasing concentrations of these substances, so they seem ideally suited for bioremediation of waste water.

• MeSH
• aceton metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• buněčná membrána účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná stěna účinky léků   MeSH
• Candida metabolismus   MeSH
• fenol metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Fusarium metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• průmyslový odpad analýza   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• voda analýza   MeSH
• xenobiotika toxicita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aceton MeSH
• fenol MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• průmyslový odpad MeSH
• voda MeSH
• xenobiotika MeSH

The authors report a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis caused by a strain of Vibrio vulnificus rare in Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• fasciitida nekrotizující komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Vibrio komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multiorgánové selhání etiologie   MeSH
• sepse komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH