Although reproductive assurance has been suggested to be one of the most important factors shaping the differential distributional patterns between sexuals and asexuals (geographic parthenogenesis), it has only rarely been studied in natural populations of vascular plants with autonomous apomixis. Moreover, there are almost no data concerning the putative relationship between the level of apomictic versus sexual plant reproduction on one hand, and reproductive assurance on the other. We assessed the level of sexual versus apomictic reproduction in diploid and triploid plants of Hieracium alpinum across its distributional range using flow cytometric analyses of seeds, and compared the level of potential and realized seed set, i.e. reproductive assurance, between the two cytotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Flow cytometric screening of embryos and endosperms of more than 4,100 seeds showed that diploids produced solely diploid progeny sexually, while triploids produced triploid progeny by obligate apomixis. Potential fruit set was much the same in diploids and triploids from the field and the greenhouse experiment. While in the pollination-limited environment in the greenhouse apomictic triploids had considerably higher realized fruit set than sexual diploids, there was no significant difference between cytotypes under natural conditions. In addition, sexuals varied to a significantly larger extent in realized fruit set than asexuals under both natural and greenhouse conditions. Our results indicate that triploid plants reproduce by obligate apomixis, assuring more stable and predictable fruit reproduction when compared to sexual diploids. This advantage could provide apomictic triploids with a superior colonisation ability, mirrored in a strong geographic parthenogenesis pattern observed in this species.
- Klíčová slova
- FCSS, Apomixis, breeding system, flow cytometry, fruit set, geographic parthenogenesis, polyploidy, reproductive assurance, unreduced gametes,
- MeSH
- apomixie * MeSH
- Asteraceae genetika fyziologie MeSH
- diploidie MeSH
- endosperm fyziologie MeSH
- ovoce růst a vývoj MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- rozmnožování MeSH
- semena rostlinná růst a vývoj MeSH
- triploidie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors describe methods of haemostasis used nowadays in haemorrhage from the upper digestive tract. Based on evaluation of their own group of 91 patients with haemorrhage of this type they found that 13.2% of the patients with haemorrhage required surgery, when the haemorrhage was localized, 16.4%. Comprehensive treatment and endoscopic methods of haemostasis predominate while surgical treatment is used when non-surgical methods fail. The results are in favour of revision of the surgeon's position in the treatment of patients with haemorrhage from the GI tract.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastrointestinální krvácení etiologie terapie MeSH
- hemostatické techniky * MeSH
- krvácení z peptického vředu terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci jícnu etiologie terapie MeSH
- nemoci žaludku etiologie terapie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The objective of the work was to evaluate the results of comprehensive treatment of protracted primary and secondary intraabdominal infection. Retrospective analysis of a group of patients in 1994-1998 using laparostomy, peritoneal lavage, thorough repeated cleansing of the peritoneal cavity, microbiological monitoring with subsequent aimed antibiosis and comprehensive intensive care provide evidence of the rescue of almost 40% liminally curable patients. The results justify the use of comprehensive therapeutic procedures in late stages of serious peritonitis.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- břicho * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infekce chirurgie terapie MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- laparotomie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- peritoneální výplach * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
Based on experience at their department since 1983 the authors analyze the position of the azygoportal disconnection in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. During the observation period the number of operations declined due to extensive use of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. However the azygoportal disconnection still remains part of surgical intervention in indicated cases, in particular in secondary hypersplenism and profuse haemorrhage.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ezofageální a žaludeční varixy etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- gastrointestinální krvácení etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- portální hypertenze komplikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vena azygos chirurgie MeSH
- vena portae chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors evaluated a group of patients operated in 1993-1996 on account of relapsing inguinal hernia by Lichtenstein's technique. During an average follow-up period of 24 months 28% of the patients had another relapse of inguinal hernia. Because of the poor results the authors changed in January 1997 the surgical tactics in relapsing inguinal hernias. They operate by Nyhus preperitoneal approach and by laparoscopy transabdominally, placing a net in a preperitoneal position (TAPP) with subsequent follow-up of the patients.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inguinální hernie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- reoperace MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors draw attention to a rare case when haemobilia was manifested as a complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its source was an aneurysm of the branch of the left hepatic artery in the region of the third hepatic segment.
- MeSH
- aneurysma komplikace diagnóza terapie MeSH
- arteria hepatica * MeSH
- cholecystektomie laparoskopická * MeSH
- hemobilie etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Present possibilities of morphometric analysis of the spleen have been studied. We have compared possibilities provided by stereological calculation and by computer image analysators a) Telemet II (Tesla, Piestany) and b) CUE-2 GALAI (Israel). In both latter cases equidensitometric evaluation and image processing methods were used. Stereological calculations are not technically demanding but time consuming. Computer image processing on the base of equidensitometric measurements is more effective that stereological calculations. The difference between used equipments is based on access to appropriate microscopic and computer technique and software equipment.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová grafika MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
- slezina anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Morphological and functional characteristics of vaginal exudate leukocytes were examined in 47 patients with urogenital trichomoniasis. Electron microscopic morphology, viability, phagocytosis of Candida albicans blastospores and ability to undergo respiratory burst in the iodonitrotetrazolium reductase test were evaluated in these cells. Vaginal inflammatory leukocytes were almost exclusively polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and their concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.58; p less than 0.001) with the number of trichomonads in the exudate. Median leukocyte viability reached 39% and both phagocytic and tetrazolium reductase activities of these cells were significantly reduced in comparison with those of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Patients with a clinical picture of severe mucosal inflammation had significantly higher vaginal exudate leukocyte concentrations and viability than those without inflammatory signs. The possible role of vaginal leukocytes in the pathogenesis of urogenital trichomoniasis is discussed.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- leukocyty patologie fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neutrofily enzymologie MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- trichomonádová vaginitida krev etiologie MeSH
- Trichomonas vaginalis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vagina parazitologie patologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- iodonitrotetrazolium MeSH Prohlížeč
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
The author tried to implant live ganglion cells into a peripheral nerve. They implanted in an experiment 6-8 spinal ganglia of 5-6-day-old rats into the distal part of the n. ischiadicus of an operated full grown rat. Part of the cells of implanted spinal ganglia was unaltered and in their vicinity were numerous groups of non-myelinized axons, probably regenerated processes of these cells. In the perikarya of neurons these were structures of the apparatus of Golgi and granulated endoplasmatic reticula. The mitochondria were in some perikarya large oval, dilated with impaired cristae mitochondriales. These cells were more numerous 42 days after implantation.
The authors demonstrate on 31 eyes their experience with transcutaneous resection of levator palpebrae muscles in surgical correction of congenital ptosis. They describe the technique of the operation and analyze its advantages. The greatest advantage of the operation is the possibility to adjust the extent of resection of the muscle.
- MeSH
- blefaroptóza vrozené chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- oční víčka chirurgie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- svaly chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
