Phoma stem canker (caused by the ascomycetes Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa) is an important disease of oilseed rape. Its effect on endophyte communities in roots and shoots and the potential of endophytes to promote growth and control diseases of oilseed rape (OSR) was investigated. Phoma stem canker had a large effect especially on fungal but also on bacterial endophyte communities. Dominant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, followed by Enterobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. Achromobacter, Pectobacter and Sphingobacterium were isolated only from diseased plants, though in very small numbers. The fungal genera Cladosporium, Botrytis and Torula were dominant in healthy plants whereas Alternaria, Fusarium and Basidiomycetes (Vishniacozyma, Holtermaniella, Bjerkandera/Thanatephorus) occurred exclusively in diseased plants. Remarkably, Leptosphaeria biglobosa could be isolated in large numbers from shoots of both healthy and diseased plants. Plant growth promoting properties (antioxidative activity, P-solubilisation, production of phytohormones and siderophores) were widespread in OSR endophytes. Although none of the tested bacterial endophytes (Achromobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Stenotrophomonas) promoted growth of oilseed rape under P-limiting conditions or controlled Phoma disease on oilseed rape cotyledons, they significantly reduced incidence of Sclerotinia disease. In the field, a combined inoculum consisting of Achromobacter piechaudii, two pseudomonads and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila tendencially increased OSR yield and reduced Phoma stem canker.

• MeSH
• Achromobacter genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Ascomycota genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Brassica napus genetika   růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• endofyty genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mykobiom genetika   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem genetika   MeSH
• Phoma genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Stenotrophomonas genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Numerous studies demonstrated that endophytic microbes can promote plant growth and increase plant stress resistance. We aimed at isolating poplar endophytes able to increase their hosts' fitness both in nutrient-limited and polluted environments. To achieve this goal, endophytic bacteria and fungi were isolated from roots and leaves of hybrid poplars (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii clone Max-4) on an unpolluted and a risk element-polluted site in the Czech Republic and subsequently screened by a number of in vitro tests. Bacterial communities at the unpolluted site were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria with Pseudomonas sp. as the prominent member of the class, followed by Bacilli with prevailing Bacillus sp., whereas Alphaproteobacteria, mostly Rhizobium sp., prevailed at the polluted site. The fungal endophytic community was dominated by Ascomycetes and highly distinct on both sites. Dothideomycetes, mostly Cladosporium, prevailed at the non-polluted site while unclassified Sordariomycetous fungi dominated at the polluted site. Species diversity of endophytes was higher at the unpolluted site. Many tested endophytic strains solubilized phosphate and produced siderophores, phytohormones, and antioxidants. Some strains also exhibited ACC-deaminase activity. Selected bacteria showed high tolerance and the ability to accumulate risk elements, making them promising candidates for use in inocula promoting biomass production and phytoremediation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

• Klíčová slova
• Endophytes, PGPB, Phytoremediation, Poplar, Risk elements, Sordariomycetes,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• endofyty klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfáty metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• houby klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita   MeSH
• listy rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-C metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Populus mikrobiologie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• siderofory metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• tolerance léku MeSH
• vývoj rostlin * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase MeSH Prohlížeč
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fosfáty MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• lyasy štěpící vazby C-C MeSH
• půda MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• siderofory MeSH

Normal increase in hemodynamic load during early postnatal life is associated with heart growth and maturation of membrane structures that is accompanied by remodeling of membrane protein and lipid components. This review describes remodeling of phospholipids (PL) in rat myocardium during normal postnatal development and during accelerated cardiac growth induced by additional workload (aorta constriction, chronic hypoxia and hyperthyroidism) imposed on the heart early after birth. Normal physiological load after birth stimulates the development of membrane structures and synthesis of PL. While hyperthyroidism accelerates these processes, pressure overload has an inhibitory effect. These changes primarily influence the maturation of mitochondrial membranes as cardiolipin is one of the most affected PL species. The most sensitive part of PL structure in their remodeling process are PL acyl chains, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids that are the key components determining the basic physicochemical properties of the membrane bilayer and thus the function of membrane-bound proteins and membrane-derived signaling lipid molecules. It is evident that PL remodeling may significantly influence both normal and pathological postnatal development of myocardium.

• MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• hemodynamika * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mitochondriální membrány metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci srdce metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• srdce růst a vývoj   patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH

Many mammalian species including human are immature at birth and undergo major developmental changes during suckling and weaning period. This problem is also conspicuous for the gastrointestinal tract that undergoes abrupt transitions coinciding with birth and weaning. This review deals with the maturation of ion transport functions in colon, the intestinal segment that plays an important role in sodium and potassium absorption and secretion. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the mechanism of sodium and potassium transport pathways and show how these transport processes change postnatally and how hormones, particularly corticosteroids, modify the pattern of development. Finally we describe some of the ways, how to analyze corticosteroid metabolism in target tissue.

• MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
• glukokortikoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• iontový transport MeSH
• kolon růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa fyziologie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukokortikoidy MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH

The effect of low-salt diet on phospholipid composition and remodeling was examined in rat colon which represents a mineralocorticoid target tissue. To elucidate this question, male Wistar rats were fed a low-salt diet and drank distilled water (LS, low-salt group) or saline instead of water (HS, high-salt group) for 12 days before the phospholipid concentration and fatty acid composition of isolated colonocytes were examined. The dietary regimens significantly influenced the plasma concentration of aldosterone which was high in LS group and almost zero in HS group. Plasma concentration of corticosterone was unchanged. When expressed in terms of cellular protein content, a significantly higher concentration of phospholipids was found in LS group, with the exception of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) accounted for more than 70% of total phospholipids in both groups. A comparison of phospholipid distribution in LS and HS groups demonstrated a higher percentage of PE and a small, but significant, decrease of PC and SM in LS group. The percentage of phosphatidylinositol (PI), PS and cardiolipin (CL) were not affected by mineralocorticoid treatment. With respect to the major phospholipids (PE, PC), a higher level of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were detected in PC of LS group. The increase of PUFA predominantly reflected an increase in arachidonic acid by 53%. In comparison to the HS group, oleic acid content was decreased in PC and PE isolated from colonocytes of the LS group. Our data indicate that alterations in phospholipid concentration and metabolism can be detected in rats with secondary hyperaldosteronism. The changes in phospholipid concentration and their fatty acid composition during fully developed effect of low dietary Na+ intake may reflect a physiologically important phenomenon with long-term consequences for membrane structure and function.

• MeSH
• aldosteron krev   MeSH
• dieta s nízkým obsahem soli * MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfolipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• kolon cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina arachidonová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina olejová metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sfingomyeliny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldosteron MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• kyselina arachidonová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• sfingomyeliny MeSH

Previous studies have shown that aldosterone treatment of amphibian epithelial cells results not only in stimulation of Na(+) absorption but also in changes in phospholipid composition which are necessary for the mineralocorticoid action of aldosterone. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of aldosterone on phospholipids of mammalian epithelia. Phospholipid and fatty acid composition was examined in colonic epithelium (mineralocorticoid target tissue) and thymus (non-mineralocorticoid but glucocorticoid target tissue) of rats which had received aldosterone or vehicle by a miniosmotic pump for 7 days. Aldosterone increased the mass of colonic phospholipids relative to cellular proteins with concomitant changes in the percentage distribution of fatty acids, whereas the relative distribution of membrane phospholipds was not changed. Phosphatidylcholine increased the content of polyunsaturated and decreased that of monounsaturated fatty acids, which predominantly reflected the accretion of arachidonic and a decrease in oleic and palmitoleic acids. Within the phosphatidylethanolamine subclass, pretreatment of rats with aldosterone decreased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (predominantly oleic and palmitoleic acid) and of n-3 fatty acids, and increased the content of saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid). The saturated-to-nonsaturated fatty acid ratio also significantly increased after aldosterone treatment. No changes in thymic phospholipids were seen. The results are consistent with the contention that aldosterone specifically modulates phospholipid concentration and metabolism in mineralocorticoid target tissue. The changes in phospholipid content and its fatty acid composition during the fully developed effect of aldosterone may reflect a physiologically important phenomenon with long-term consequences for membrane structure and function.

• MeSH
• aldosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolon cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory mineralokortikoidů účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• thymus účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldosteron MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• receptory mineralokortikoidů MeSH

The interrelationship between thyroid hormones and aldosterone has been examined in the regulation of rat colonic amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport which translocates Na+ through apical amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels and basolateral Na+, K+-ATPase. Electrogenic Na+ transport was measured in an Ussing chamber by the short-circuit current and identified by Na+ channel blocker amiloride. Na+-pumping activity of the basolateral Na+,K+-ATPase was investigated in nystatin-treated epithelium by measuring the equivalent short-circuit current after addition of mucosal Na+. The abundance of mRNA coding for alpha, beta and gamma subunits of the Na+ channel (rENaC) was estimated using Northern blot analysis. Hyperaldosteronism was induced by a low-salt diet and hypothyroidism by methimazole. The low-Na+ diet induced electrogenic Na+ transport in euthyroid rats but its effect was almost completely inhibited in hypothyroid animals even if the plasma concentration of aldosterone was high enough to stimulate this transport pathway both in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. A kinetic study of the basolateral Na+,K+-ATPase revealed a decrease of Na+ transport capacity in hypothyroid rats kept on the low-Na+ diet in comparison with euthyroid animals fed the same diet. No significant differences in steady-state levels of alpha, beta and gamma rENaC mRNA were detected between euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. These data suggest that hypothyroidism decreases the efficacy of the basolateral Na+ pump but fails to inhibit it completely even though it inhibits the transepithelial electrogenic Na+ transport in response to aldosterone. We conclude that the permissive effect of thyroid hormones on the induction of electrogenic Na+ transport by aldosterone is localised beyond the transcriptional step of Na+ channel regulation.

• MeSH
• aldosteron metabolismus   MeSH
• genetická transkripce MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus   MeSH
• hyperaldosteronismus genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hypotyreóza genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• iontový transport MeSH
• kolon metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• sodíkové kanály chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldosteron MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH
• sodíkové kanály MeSH

A pressure overload was induced in 2-day-old male rats by abdominal aortic constriction, and the phospholipid composition of the left ventricle (LV) and the right ventricle (RV) were determined. Sixty days after the surgery, body weights was lower and LV weight were higher in aorta-constricted (AC) rats in comparison with shamoperated animals. Increased ventricular/body weight ratios indicated a significant degree of hypertrophy of LV and smaller hypertrophy of RV. The concentrations of total phospholipids (PL), choline phosphoglycerides (PC), ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were decreased in both ventricles of AC rats. The concentrations of sphingomyelin (SM) and plasmalogen PE (PLPE) increased in LV only. The changes in phospholipid composition in the developing pressure-overloaded myocardium may contribute to altered membrane functions connected with heart hypertrophy.

• MeSH
• aorta abdominalis fyziologie   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
• fosfolipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• hypertenze metabolismus   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypertrofie levé komory srdeční patologie   MeSH
• hypertrofie pravé komory srdeční patologie   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lehké řetězce myosinu metabolismus   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• kolagen MeSH
• lehké řetězce myosinu MeSH