A group of 80 children with relapsing infections of the respiratory pathways (a minimum of three during the previous period) were investigated during the first year of the investigation (1987-88) with regard to the number and duration of the disease, absence from school, antibiotic consumption and use of bronchodilatating agents. In the subsequent year 1988-1989 the children were divided into a group treated with Broncho-Vaxom, a group treated with IRS 19 and a control group. Before the onset of administration and then every two months functional examinations of the lungs were made in the children. At the beginning of treatment and after its termination some immunological and laboratory values were examined. The effect of treatment was evaluated also subjectively by the parents and physician. Both preparations had a favourable effect on prevention of relapses of respiratory infections. This effects was more favourable after Broncho-Vaxom, in particular in prevention of inflammations of the lower respiratory pathways. IRS 19 eliminates relapses of infections of the upper respiratory pathways sooner.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bacteria * MeSH
• buněčné extrakty * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• Broncho-Vaxom MeSH Prohlížeč
• buněčné extrakty * MeSH
• IRS 19 MeSH Prohlížeč

The effect of antigenic bacterial lysate IRS-19 on the recovery of blood cells was studied in mice injured by a single dose of 7 Gy irradiation. The preirradiation administration of IRS-19 accelerated the recovery of leukocytes, reticulocytes and platelets in peripheral blood. The recovery of leukocytes 9-14 days after irradiation in protected animals was accompanied by a higher level of band forms of granulocytes as well as activated lymphoid and monocytoid cells.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• celotělové ozáření * MeSH
• granulocyty MeSH
• hematopoetické kmenové buňky účinky záření   MeSH
• krevní obraz * MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• počet leukocytů MeSH
• počet retikulocytů MeSH
• počet trombocytů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• IRS 19 MeSH Prohlížeč

A controlled trial was undertaken to test I.R.S. 19 (a commercial intranasal spray) versus placebo in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in 825 maternity-school children in three cities; another control group of 327 children received neither I.R.S. 19 nor placebo. The spraying was done twice a day for a total of 20 spraying days in each child; sprayings were interrupted on weekends and during absence, the mean spraying period being 34 calendar days. During the 6-month study (1 November to 30 April) the children were monitored for ARD morbidity causing absence from school. A total of 1,585 such ARD cases occurred; their etiology was not investigated. The indices evaluated were: total duration of ARD-associated absence, ARD incidence, and mean duration of one illness. With the administration schedule used, I.R.S. 19 did not, in an overall evaluation, surpass placebo in any of these indices in either normal children or a subgroup of children with presumed enhanced ARD susceptibility.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• IRS 19 vaccine MeSH Prohlížeč

The current monkeypox virus (MPXV) strain differs from the strain arising in 2018 by 50+ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and is mutating much faster than expected. The cytidine deaminase apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic subunit B (APOBEC3) was hypothesized to be driving this increased mutation. APOBEC has recently been identified to preferentially mutate cruciform DNA secondary structures formed by inverted repeats (IRs). IRs were recently identified as hot spots for mutation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and we aimed to identify whether IRs were also hot spots for mutation within MPXV genomes. We found that MPXV genomes were replete with IR sequences. Of the 50+ SNPs identified in the 2022 outbreak strain, 63.9% of these were found to have arisen within IR regions in the 2018 reference strain (MT903344.1). Notably, IR sequences found in the 2018 reference strain were significantly lost over time, with an average of 32.5% of these sequences being conserved in the 2022 MPXV genomes. This evidence was highly indicative that mutations were arising within IRs. This data provides further support to the hypothesis that APOBEC may be driving MPXV mutation and highlights the necessity for greater surveillance of IRs of MPXV genomes to detect new mutations.

• Klíčová slova
• APOBEC, evolution, inverted repeats, monkeypox, mutation,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virus opičích neštovic * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Thymidine triphosphate bearing benzylidene-tetrahydroxanthylium near-IR fluorophore linked to the 5-methyl group via triazole was synthesized through the CuAAC reaction and was used for polymerase synthesis of labelled DNA probes. The fluorophore lights up upon incorporation to DNA (up to 348-times) presumably due to interactions in major groove and the fluorescence further increases in the single-stranded oligonucleotide. The labelled dsDNA senses binding of small molecules and proteins by a strong decrease of fluorescence. The nucleotide was used as a light-up building block in real-time PCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus.

• Klíčová slova
• DNA, fluorescence, nucleotides, real-time PCR,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• DNA sondy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nukleotidy MeSH
• replikace DNA * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA sondy MeSH
• nukleotidy MeSH

SARS-CoV-2 is an intensively investigated virus from the order Nidovirales (Coronaviridae family) that causes COVID-19 disease in humans. Through enormous scientific effort, thousands of viral strains have been sequenced to date, thereby creating a strong background for deep bioinformatics studies of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. In this study, we inspected high-frequency mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and carried out systematic analyses of their overlay with inverted repeat (IR) loci and CpG islands. The main conclusion of our study is that SARS-CoV-2 hot-spot mutations are significantly enriched within both IRs and CpG island loci. This points to their role in genomic instability and may predict further mutational drive of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Moreover, CpG islands are strongly enriched upstream from viral ORFs and thus could play important roles in transcription and the viral life cycle. We hypothesize that hypermethylation of these loci will decrease the transcription of viral ORFs and could therefore limit the progression of the disease.

• Klíčová slova
• CpG methylation, SARS-CoV-2, hot spot, inverted repeats,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 virologie   MeSH
• CpG ostrůvky * MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 genetika   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the effect of a 3-month calorie restriction (CR) without snacking on the anthropometric parameters, Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles of female office workers with overweight or obesity, whose physical activity was limited during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight women aged 20-38 years (28.9±5.24) with low physical activity levels were divided into a non-snacking (NS) group (N = 21) and a snacking (S) group (N = 27) prior to the dietary intervention. Their daily energy intake during the intervention was lowered by 30% compared with the baseline level, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber in their diet was increased (to >30 g/day). The proportion of saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates was also reduced. The study participants were assessed at the baseline and post-intervention for anthropometric variables (body weight, body fat percentage BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) and the concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, the values for HOMA-IR, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. RESULTS: All anthropometric parameter values obtained post-intervention were lower than the baseline in both groups. The serum insulin concentration and HOMA-IR decreased respectively by an average of 6% and 25% in the NS group and 37% and 45% in the S group. The lipid profiles of all participants improved significantly, with the LDL-C concentration showing a more promising trend in the S group (decrease by 27%) than in the NS group (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that CR improved the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profiles of all participants. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(6):693-706.

• Klíčová slova
• coronavirus pandemic, insulin resistance, lipid profile, low physical activity level, reduction diet, snacking,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• kalorická restrikce MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

Non-B nucleic acids structures have arisen as key contributors to genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we investigated the presence of defining spike protein mutations falling within inverted repeats (IRs) for 18 SARS-CoV-2 variants, discussed the potential roles of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in SARS-CoV-2 biology, and identified potential pseudoknots within the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Surprisingly, there was a large variation in the number of defining spike protein mutations arising within IRs between variants and these were more likely to occur in the stem region of the predicted hairpin stem-loop secondary structure. Notably, mutations implicated in ACE2 binding and propagation (e.g., ΔH69/V70, N501Y, and D614G) were likely to occur within IRs, whilst mutations involved in antibody neutralization and reduced vaccine efficacy (e.g., T19R, ΔE156, ΔF157, R158G, and G446S) were rarely found within IRs. We also predicted that RNA pseudoknots could predominantly be found within, or next to, 29 mutations found in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Finally, the Omicron variants BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.12.1, and BA.2.75 appear to have lost two of the predicted G4-forming sequences found in other variants. These were found in nsp2 and the sequence complementary to the conserved stem-loop II-like motif (S2M) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Taken together, non-B nucleic acids structures likely play an integral role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution and genetic diversity.

• Klíčová slova
• G-quadruplex, SARS-CoV-2, adaptation, inverted repeats, mutation, pseudoknot, spike protein,
• MeSH
• 3' nepřekládaná oblast MeSH
• COVID-19 * genetika   MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 3' nepřekládaná oblast MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
• nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 MeSH Prohlížeč

Non-contact temperature measurement of persons during an epidemic is the most preferred measurement option because of the safety of personnel and minimal possibility of spreading infection. The use of infrared (IR) sensors to monitor building entrances for infected persons has seen a major boom between 2020 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 epidemic, but with questionable results. This article does not deal with the precise determination of the temperature of an individual person but focuses on the possibility of using infrared cameras for monitoring the health of the population. The aim is to use large amounts of infrared data from many locations to provide information to epidemiologists so they can have better information about potential outbreaks. This paper focuses on the long-term monitoring of the temperature of passing persons inside public buildings and the search for the most appropriate tools for this purpose and is intended as the first step towards creating a useful tool for epidemiologists. As a classical approach, the identification of persons based on their characteristic temperature values over time throughout the day is used. These results are compared with the results of a method using artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate temperature from simultaneously acquired infrared images. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• IR camera, artificial intelligence, epidemical screening, infrared sensor, infrared thermography, public health monitoring, temperature measurement of person,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• infračervené záření MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tělesná teplota MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• termografie metody   MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The study presents a series of examples of magnetic nanoparticle systems designed for the diagnosis of viral diseases. In this interdisciplinary work, we describe one of the most comprehensive synthetic approaches for the preparation and functionalization of smart nanoparticle systems for rapid and effective RT-PCR diagnostics and isolation of viral RNA. Twelve different organic ligands and inorganic porous silica were used for surface functionalization of the Fe3O4 magnetic core to increase the number of active centres for efficient RNA binding from human swab samples. Different nanoparticle systems with common beads were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XPS and magnetic measurements. We demonstrate the application of the fundamental models modified to fit the experimental zero-field cooling magnetization data. We discuss the influence of the nanoparticle shell parameters (morphology, thickness, ligands) on the overall magnetic performance of the systems. The prepared nanoparticles were tested for the isolation of viral RNA from tissue samples infected with hepatitis E virus-HEV and from biofluid samples of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. The efficiency of RNA isolation was quantified by RT-qPCR method.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• molekulární patologie metody   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• RNA virová * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• virové nemoci diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• magnetické nanočástice * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH
• RNA virová * MeSH