This study explores the interaction of saponification products with microbial communities in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It focuses on the reutilisation of waste cooking oils into soap and evaluates the biodegradation of these products using microbial respiration activity and biological oxygen demand (BOD) as indicators. Results demonstrate that soaps degrade effectively under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with anaerobic degradation contributing to methane production-a valuable biofuel. Importantly, no toxic effects on sludge microorganisms were observed. The research highlights that these saponification products can be fully integrated into the wastewater treatment process without adverse effects on microbial dynamics. Moreover, the economic analysis reveals that biosurfactants derived from used oils can be produced at a cost of approximately 0.12-3.0 EUR/kg, significantly lower than the 1-20 EUR/kg typically spent on chemical coagulants or synthetic surfactants used in WWTPs. These findings support the feasibility of repurposing waste oils into environmentally friendly, cost-effective treatment additives, enhancing microbial performance and promoting circular economy practices in wastewater management.

• Klíčová slova
• edible oil waste, microorganism respiration, sustainability, wastewater treatment efficiency,
• MeSH
• aerobióza MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• Bacteria metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• čištění vody * metody   MeSH
• měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
• mýdla metabolismus   MeSH
• odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody   MeSH
• odpadní voda * mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• odpadní vody * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mýdla MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH

Two procedures are compared for the isolation of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the HeLa model cell line. The isolation was based on application of Triton X-100 followed by 4 or 18 h ultracentrifugation in sucrose (5-42.5, % w) or Optiprep™ (10-25, % w) gradients. In the fractions obtained, the total amount of protein, cholesterol, and free thiols was evaluated using spectrophotometry. Increased protein as well as free thiol contents were demonstrated in higher density fractions. In contrast, the highest cholesterol levels were observed in light or medium heavy fractions with a low proportion of sucrose or Optiprep, especially after 18 h of centrifugation. For the sucrose gradient, we used voltammetric determination of the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at the Hg-electrode for individual fractions. The catalytic response, expressed as the height of the presodium wave, increased from light to heavy fractions corresponding to the protein content and/or other catalytically active species. The size of the DRMs or their associates ranged from 20 to 1000 nm, independently of the isolation protocol used. Proteins typically associated with DRMs such as caveolin and flotillin and characteristic for light and medium heavy gradient fractions, were determined using immunochemistry. We studied the subcellular localization of caveolin, flotillin, raftlin and transferrin, a control protein found intracellularly in the cytoplasm. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the presence of caveolin and flotillin in the cytoplasmic membrane of HeLa cells. Raftlin was identified in both the membrane, and as part of the cell nucleus. We also performed untargeted lipidomic LC-MS analysis of the individual fractions of sucrose ultracentrifugation gradient obtained after 18 h. The predominant lipid subclasses were phosphatidylcholines and diacylglycerols. Apart from cholesterol and its ester, the rest of identified lipid classes was similar to that found in full HeLa cell lysates. The presented findings could be important for interpreting interlaboratory results and may be used as a guide for further studies on DRMs.

• Klíčová slova
• Cholesterol, Detergent-resistant membranes, Ellman’s assay, Lipidomics, Raftlin, Ultracentrifugation, Voltammetry,
• MeSH
• buněčná membrána * chemie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• cholesterol analýza   MeSH
• detergenty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidomika * MeSH
• membránové proteiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• oktoxynol chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• detergenty * MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• oktoxynol MeSH

The conserved Tweety homolog (TTYH) family consists of three paralogs in vertebrates, displaying a ubiquitous expression pattern. Although considered as ion channels for almost two decades, recent structural and functional analyses refuted this role. Intriguingly, while all paralogs shared a dimeric stoichiometry following detergent solubilization, their structures revealed divergence in their relative subunit orientation. Here, we determined the stoichiometry of intact mouse TTYH (mTTYH) complexes in cells. Using cross-linking and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that mTTYH1 and mTTYH3 form tetramers at the plasma membrane, stabilized by interactions between their extracellular domains. Using blue-native PAGE, fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we reveal that detergent solubilization results in tetramers destabilization, leading to their dissolution into dimers. Moreover, HDX-MS demonstrates that the extracellular domains are stabilized in the context of the tetrameric mTTYH complex. Together, our results expose the innate tetrameric organization of TTYH complexes at the cell membrane. Future structural analyses of these assemblies in native membranes are required to illuminate their long-sought cellular function.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána MeSH
• detergenty * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• vodík/deuteriová výměna a hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• detergenty * MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Antineoplastic drugs (ADs) pose risks to healthcare staff. Surface disinfectants are used in hospitals to prevent microbial contamination but the efficiency of disinfectants to degrade ADs is not known. We studied nine disinfectants on ten ADs in the standardized laboratory and realistic in situ hospital conditions. METHODS: A survey in 43 hospitals prioritized nine most commonly used disinfections based on different ingredients. These were tested on inert stainless steel and in situ on contaminated hospital flooring. The effects against ten ADs were studied by LC-MS/MS (Cyclophosphamide CP; Ifosfamide IF; Capecitabine CAP; Sunitinib SUN; Methotrexate MET; Doxorubicin DOX; Irinotecan IRI; Paclitaxel PX; 5-Fluorouracil FU) and ICP-MS (Pt as a marker of platinum-based ADs). RESULTS: Monitoring of the floor contamination in 26 hospitals showed that the most contaminated are the outpatient clinics that suffer from a large turnover of staff and patients and have limited preventive measures. The most frequent ADs were Pt, PX, FU and CP with maxima exceeding the recommended 1 ng/cm2 limit by up to 140 times. IRI, FU, MET, DOX and SUN were efficiently removed by hydrolysis in clean water and present thus lower occupational risk. Disinfectants based on hydrogen peroxide were efficient against PX and FU (> 70% degradation) but less against other ADs, such as carcinogenic CP or IF, IRI and CAP. The most efficient were the active chlorine and peracetic acid-based products, which however release irritating toxic vapors. The innovative in situ testing of ADs previously accumulated in hospital flooring showed highly problematic removal of carcinogenic CP and showed that alcohol-based disinfectants may mobilize persistent ADs contamination from deeper floor layers. CONCLUSION: Agents based on hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, quaternary ammonium salts, glutaraldehyde, glucoprotamine or detergents can be recommended for daily use for both disinfection and AD decontamination. However, they have variable efficiencies and should be supplemented by periodic use of strong chlorine-based disinfectants efficient also against the carcinogenic and persistent CP.

• Klíčová slova
• Antineoplastic drugs, Disinfectants, Hazardous drugs, Occupational exposure, Surface contamination,
• MeSH
• dekontaminace metody   MeSH
• detergenty MeSH
• dezinficiencia * MeSH
• diaminy MeSH
• glutaraldehyd MeSH
• kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• kyselina peroctová MeSH
• laboratoře MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• podlahy a podlahové krytiny MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• pyrrolidinony MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• detergenty MeSH
• dezinficiencia * MeSH
• diaminy MeSH
• glucoprotamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• glutaraldehyd MeSH
• kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• kyselina peroctová MeSH
• nerezavějící ocel MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• protinádorové látky * MeSH
• pyrrolidinony MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adequate bowel preparation is essential for successful and effective colonoscopy. Several types of cleansing agents are currently available including low-volume solutions. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different bowel cleansing agents. METHODS: A single-center, prospective, randomized, and single-blind study was performed. Consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy were enrolled and randomized into one of the following types of laxatives: polyethylenglycol 4L (PEG), oral sulfate solution (OSS), 2L polyethylenglycol + ascorbate (2L-PEG/Asc), or magnesium citrate + sodium picosulfate (MCSP). The primary outcome was quality of bowel cleansing evaluated according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Secondary outcomes were polyp detection rate (PDR) and tolerability. RESULTS: Final analysis was performed on 431 patients. The number of patients with adequate bowel preparation (BBPS total scores ≥6 and sub scores ≥2 in each segment) was not significantly different throughout all groups (95.4% PEG; 94.6% OSS; 96.3% 2L-PEG/Asc; 96.2% MCSP; p=0.955). Excellent bowel preparation (BBPS total scores ≥ 8) was associated with younger age (p=0.007). The groups did not have significantly different PDRs (49.5% PEG; 49.1% OSS; 38% 2L-PEG/Asc; 40.4% MCSP; p=0.201). The strongest predictors of pathology identification were age and male gender. The best-tolerated solution was MCSP (palatability: p<0.001; nausea: p=0.024).

• MeSH
• detergenty * MeSH
• jednoduchá slepá metoda MeSH
• kolonoskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• purgativa * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• detergenty * MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH
• purgativa * MeSH

The aim of this work was to develop a soap-based method for the isolation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from bacterial biomass. The method consisted of adding soap derived from waste cooking oil to a concentrated (25%) biomass suspension, heating and centrifugal separation. Purity above 95% could be achieved with soap:cell dry mass ratios at least 0.125 g/g, making the method comparable to other surfactant-based protocols. Molecular weights Mw of products from all experiments were between 350 and 450 kDa, being high enough for future material applications. Addition of hydrochloric acid to the wastewater led to the precipitation of soap and part of non-P3HB cell mass. The resulting precipitate was utilized as a carbon source in biomass production and increased substrate-to-P3HB conversion.

• Klíčová slova
• Downstream process, Isolation, P3HB, PHA, Recovery,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• bioreaktory * MeSH
• hydroxybutyráty MeSH
• kyselina 3-hydroxymáselná MeSH
• mýdla * MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• vaření MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hydroxybutyráty MeSH
• kyselina 3-hydroxymáselná MeSH
• mýdla * MeSH
• poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery MeSH

Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.

• MeSH
• celulasy chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• detergenty chemie   MeSH
• fungální proteiny chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• genetické inženýrství MeSH
• houby genetika   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celulasy MeSH
• detergenty MeSH
• fungální proteiny MeSH

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky lokální terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• časná lékařská intervence MeSH
• debridement metody   MeSH
• detergenty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• kůže mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management bolesti MeSH
• neúspěšná terapie MeSH
• obvazy * MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rány a poranění mikrobiologie   terapie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• konsensus - konference MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky lokální MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• detergenty MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH

A combined process of the upflow multimedium biological aerated filter (UMBAF) and the multimedia biological aerated filter (MBAF) treating detergent wastewater was investigated in this study. Results showed that the optimal filtration rate of the combined system was 1.4 m/hr while the optimized performance was observed at air to water ratio of 2:1. The average removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), linear alkyl benzene sulfonate sodium (LAS), and total phosphate (TP) was up to 91.4%, 88.5%, and 40%, respectively, while the average effluent concentrations of COD, LAS, and TP under stable operation states were 35.0 mg/L, 7.0 mg/L, and 4.4 mg/L, respectively. UMBAF played a major role in TP removal; the removal of COD in the combined UMBAF and MBAF process was consistent with the general formula C = C0 e -(ah + b) , while the kinetic model of LAS removal in the combined UMBAF and MBAF process could be expressed by L = L0 e-(mh + n) . The combined UMBAF-MBAF process provides a promising technology for the treatment of detergent wastewater. The kinetic model of LAS removal in the UMBAF and MBAF units is helpful for the prediction of the treatment efficiency of organic pollutants. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A novel UMBAF-MBAF process was developed treating detergent wastewater. The average removal rate of COD, LAS, and TP by the combined process was up to 91.4%, 88.5%, and 40%, respectively. Kinetic models for the UMBAF-MBAF process were investigated.

• Klíčová slova
• combined UMBAF-MBAF, degradation model, detergent wastewater, filtration rate, multi-filter,
• MeSH
• bioreaktory * MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• detergenty izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fosfáty izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kyseliny alkansulfonové izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• detergenty MeSH
• fosfáty MeSH
• kyseliny alkansulfonové MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH

The use of lower cut-off values/concentration limits for the calculation of mixture classification in UN GHS/EU CLP versus the previous regulatory scheme (EU Dangerous Preparations Directive, DPD), has resulted in an increased number of classifications in the highest eye hazard category. Herein, a semi-quantitative categorisation of severity of eye effects, following accidental human exposures to detergents, was compared to the classification category of the products. Three schemes were evaluated: EU DPD; EU CLP (based on all available data and information, including weight of evidence); and EU CLP (based entirely on the calculation method). As reported by four EU Poison Centres, the vast majority of exposures had caused minor or no symptoms. Classification was a poor predictor of effects in man subjected to accidental exposure. Note however that this is also because effects are not only driven by the intrinsic hazard (as reflected in the classification), but also by the exposure conditions and mitigation (i.e. rinsing). EU CLP classification using all available data and information was more predictive of medically relevant symptoms than the EU CLP calculation method. The latter led to a poorer differentiation between irritating products versus products potentially causing serious eye damage.

• Klíčová slova
• Accidental eye exposure, Detergents and cleaning products, EU CLP, EU DPD, Eye hazard classification category, Poisoning severity score (PSS), UN GHS,
• MeSH
• detergenty toxicita   MeSH
• dráždivé látky toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění oka klasifikace   etiologie   MeSH
• toxikologická centra MeSH
• ukazatel závažnosti úrazu MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• detergenty MeSH
• dráždivé látky MeSH