AIM: The aim of the study is to retrospectively evaluate the anatomical success rate and functional results of 25G+ PPV in the treatment of newly diagnosed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The set consists of 152 eyes of 152 patients, of which 71 (47%) were men, average age 54 years, operated on by one surgeon for RRD at the Eye Clinic of the University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University Brno from 1.7.2019 to 4.5.2021 using the 25G+ PPV technique. 25G+ PPV with pre-equatorial cerclage was performed on 7 patients. The patients' anamnesis included blunt ocular trauma and uncomplicated cataract surgery with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The cause of RRD was retinal tear/s, regardless of their number and location. The transparency of the anterior segment of the eye enabled reliable visualization of the posterior segment. Preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade A-D2 was admissible. Patients with a history of penetrating ocular trauma were excluded. The postoperative findings and functional outcomes of the patients were evaluated 1-3 months after PPV. The operation was anatomically successful if the retina was fully attached. Final visual acuity (VA) was evaluated for each patient. The final visual acuity examination was carried out typically on a Snellen optotype, either without correction, with the patient's own spectacle correction or with correction according to the current values on the autorefractometer. The arithmetic average was used for the numerical expression of the attained results, and the numerical values were also expressed in percentages. Since the different groups were not compared with each other, no statistical test was necessary to analyze the results. RESULTS: In 150 (98.7%) of the 152 patients in the group, we achieved complete retinal reattachment, in 2 (1.3%) patients the retina remained detached, and we recorded anatomical failure of the treatment. Fifty (33%) patients achieved VA ≥ 4/8. CONCLUSION: In 133 (87.5%) patients, we are able to state anatomical success even without the presence of intraocular tamponade in the operated eye. These patients can be considered completely cured. 25G+ PPV has demonstrated its contribution to resolving RRD.

• MeSH
• bukláž skléry škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchlípení sítnice * etiologie   MeSH
• poranění oka * komplikace   MeSH
• retina chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• vitrektomie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• hasiči * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění oka * diagnóza   MeSH
• sportovní úrazy * diagnóza   MeSH
• sporty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

AIMS: To introduce a case report and review the literature on trauma-related acute macular neuroretinopathy as an unusual etiology of acute macular neuroretinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 24-year-old man presented with unilateral paracentral scotoma following non-ocular trauma in a car accident. The relative afferent pupillary defect was negative and the best corrected visual acuities of both eyes were 10/10 (by the Snellen chart scale). RESULTS: Retinoscopy revealed a reduced foveal reflex, along with a small pre-retinal hemorrhage over the mid-pathway of the supranasal arteriole. OCT images showed an obvious ellipsoid zone (EZ) layer disruption in the macula of the left eye. The infrared fundus photograph of the same eye revealed a distinct hyporeflective area involving the macula. On fundus angiography, no macular vascular lesion was detected. The scotoma persisted after 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Non-ocular trauma including head or chest trauma without direct ocular injury accounts for most cases of trauma-related acute macular neuroretinopathy. It is important to distinguish this entity, given that there are also unremarkable findings in the retinal examination of these patients. Indeed, proper clinical suspicion leads to further suitable investigations and impedes other extraordinary images, which are the basic rules in the management of traumatic patients suffering multiple injuries and incurring medical expenses.

• Klíčová slova
• Scotoma, injury, macula, trauma,
• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluoresceinová angiografie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• macula lutea * patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci retiny * diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• poranění oka * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• skotom etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• syndromy bílých teček * komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The preocular tear film is critically important for maintaining healthy ocular surface. In lagophthalmos, increased evaporation and tear film instability can occur. The level of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is considered as a possible marker of ocular surface damage and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible usefulness of measuring tear film levels of MMP-9 in patients with lagophthalmos. Sixteen adult patients with unilateral lagophthalmos due to cerebellopontine angle mass surgery were included. Basic clinical examination including tear film osmolarity, degree of lagophthalmos, ocular surface sensitivity testing, corneal fluorescein staining, and tear break-up time (TBUT) were performed. Furthermore, tear MMP-9 quantification was performed and the values from lagophthalmic and contralateral healthy eye were compared. Possible correlations between tear MMP-9 levels and other parameters were analyzed. The Oxford score was higher in lagophthalmic eyes in comparison to healthy eyes. TBUT and corneal sensitivity were lower in lagophthalmic eyes. There was no difference in osmolarity between the two groups. Tear MMP-9 values were higher in lagophthalmic eyes. A higher MMP-9 value was associated with an increase in ocular surface fluorescein staining and a decrease of TBUT in lagophthalmic eyes. Tear MMP-9 may be used for monitoring ocular surface damage, contribute to early detection of inflammation progression and facilitate treatment adjustments.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluorescein MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 MeSH
• nemoci očních víček * MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• poranění oka * MeSH
• slzy MeSH
• syndromy suchého oka * diagnóza   MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluorescein MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 MeSH

Traumatic dislocation of the eye is usually encountered in high-energy injuries. These include traffic accidents, accidents at work, sporting accidents, falling from a height, impact of the hooves or horns of animals, gunshot injuries, and physical assault. Such incidents are accompanied by facial soft tissue damage and injuries to the facial skeleton, especially the orbit, and can be associated with varying degrees of dislocation of the eye. We describe a rare case of non-fatal traumatic eye dislocation into the maxillary sinus, coupled with an orbital fracture resulting from a physical assault on a 63-year-old woman. The cause of death was asphyxiation due to manual strangulation and mechanical asphyxia. Even though dislocations of the eye are relatively rare, forensic pathologists should be aware of such injuries to correct assessment of injury mechanism. The available literature regarding eye dislocation is summarized, and the forensic issues applicable to the assessment of such cases are reviewed.

• Klíčová slova
• autopsy, eye dislocation, facial trauma, forensic pathology, orbital trauma, retinal bleeding,
• MeSH
• asfyxie etiologie   MeSH
• dislokovaná fraktura etiologie   MeSH
• fraktury očnice etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění krku komplikace   MeSH
• poranění oka komplikace   MeSH
• prolaps * MeSH
• sinus maxillaris * MeSH
• vražda * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim is to present a report of a case of bilateral eye injury with bilateral blowout fracture caused by a high-pressure water jet from a fire hose in a 16-year-old girl during a competition for young firefighters. METHODS: We present a case report of a 16-year-old female patient with bilateral extensive eyelid contusion, oedema and lacerations of upper eyelids, lacerations of bulbar conjunctiva, contusion of both eyes, left optic nerve and bilateral blowout fractures of orbits. Results: The initial ocular examination revealed "hand motion" in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was low in both eyes. Motility of both eyes was reduced, especially in the left eye. Lacerations of the eyelids and conjunctiva required a surgical procedure. No repair of the upper canaliculus of the left eye was attempted. Paralytic mydriasis and loss of lens accommodation in both eyes did not change throughout the follow-up period. A surgical procedure was applied to resolve the left blowout fracture, ocular motility of the right eye improved spontaneously. Traumatic cataract developed in the left eye within 1 year after injury, requiring cataract surgery and posterior capsule lens implantation, the right lens remained clear. Massive scarring of the retina and choroid in the lower parts of the eyes and in the macula reduced best corrected visual acuity in the right eye to 0.15 and in the left eye to 0.08. Intraocular pressure is within normal limits without any glaucoma therapy. The follow up period is three years. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of child with an eye injury caused by a high-pressure water jet during a sports activity.

• Klíčová slova
• blowout fracture, body mass index, children, contusion of eye, high-pressure water jet, traumatic cataract,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• extrakce katarakty * MeSH
• hasiči * MeSH
• katarakta * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• poranění oka * komplikace   MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• voda MeSH

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a population of adult stem cells that have potent immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. In addition, they have ability to migrate to the site of inflammation or injury, where they contribute to the regeneration and healing process. For these properties, MSCs have been used as therapeutic cells in several models, including treatment of damages or disorders of the ocular surface. If the damage of the ocular surface is extensive and involves a limbal region where limbal stem cell reside, MSC therapy has been proved as the effective treatment approach. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs have been well characterized, mechanisms of antiapoptotic action of MSCs are not well recognized. Using a chemically damaged cornea in a mouse model, we showed that the injury decreases expression of the gene for antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and increases the expression of proapoptotic genes Bax and p53. These changes were attenuated by local transplantation of MSCs after corneal damage. The antiapoptotic effect of MSCs was tested in an in vitro model of co-cultivation of corneal explants with MSCs. The apoptosis of corneal cells in the explants was induced by proinflammatory cytokines and was significantly inhibited in the presence of MSCs. The antiapoptotic effect of MSCs was mediated by paracrine action, as confirmed by separation of the explants in inserts or by supernatants from MSCs. In addition, MSCs decreased the expression of genes for the molecules associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress Atf4, Bip, and p21, which are associated with apoptosis. The results show that MSCs inhibit the expression of proapoptotic genes and decrease the number of apoptotic cells in the damaged corneas, and this action might be one of the mechanisms of the therapeutic action of MSCs.

• Klíčová slova
• Bax, Bcl-2, antiapoptotic properties, cornea, mesenchymal stem cells, mouse model,
• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatocytární růstový faktor genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• keratitida genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• poranění rohovky genetika   metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese * MeSH
• rohovka metabolismus   MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• hepatocytární růstový faktor MeSH

PURPOSE: Penetrating eye trauma with an intraocular foreign body is very frequent, especially in men in their productive age. Pars plana vitrectomy would be the standard surgical method at our department. However, in indicated cases (metallic intraocular bodies in the posterior eye segment in young patients with well transparent ocular media without detached ZSM and without any evident vitreoretinal traction) transscleral extraction of the intraocular foreign body is performed using the exo magnet, eventually endo magnet with a minimal PPV without PVD induction under the visual control of endo-illumination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2003 and June 2018, 66 eyes of 66 patients diagnosed with a penetrating eye trauma caused by an intraocular foreign body located in the posterior eye segment were treated. In 18 eyes (27,3 %) with a metallic foreign body in vitreous (body) or in retina, no PPV or a minimal PPV without PVD was used as a surgical method. In the remaining 48 eyes (72,7 %), a standard 20G, respectively 23G PPV method were used together with PVD induction and the foreign body extraction via endo or exo magnet. CONCLUSIONS: As demonstrated by our survey/study, in the cases of a thoroughly considered indication an experimented vitreoretinal surgeon can perform a safe NCT transscleral extraction from the posterior eye segment via exo magnet, eventually endo magnet under the visual control of a contact display system with a minimal PPV. Thereby, the surgeon can enhance the patient´s chance to preserve their own lens and its accommodative abilities as well as reduce the risk of further surgical interventions of the afflicted eye.

• Klíčová slova
• exomagnet/endomagnet, limited PPV, metallic IOFB, minimal PPV, penetrating eye trauma, transscleral extraction, vitreoretinal traction,
• MeSH
• cizí těleso v oku * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penetrující poranění oka * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• vitrektomie MeSH
• zadní segment oční * MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Corneal alkali burns are potentially blinding injuries. Alkali induces oxidative stress in corneas followed by excessive corneal inflammation, neovascularization, and untransparent scar formation. Molecular hydrogen (H2), a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, suppresses oxidative stress and enables corneal healing when applied on the corneal surface. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the H2 pretreatment of healthy corneas evokes a protective effect against corneal alkali-induced oxidative stress. Rabbit eyes were pretreated with a H2 solution or buffer solution, by drops onto the ocular surface, and the corneas were then burned with 0.25 M NaOH. The results obtained with immunohistochemistry and pachymetry showed that in the corneas of H2-pretreated eyes, slight oxidative stress appeared followed by an increased expression of antioxidant enzymes. When these corneas were postburned with alkali, the alkali-induced oxidative stress was suppressed. This was in contrast to postburned buffer-pretreated corneas, where the oxidative stress was strong. These corneas healed with scar formation and neovascularization, whereas corneas of H2-pretreated eyes healed with restoration of transparency in the majority of cases. Corneal neovascularization was strongly suppressed. Our results suggest that the corneal alkali-induced oxidative stress was reduced via the increased antioxidant capacity of corneal cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is further suggested that the ability of H2 to induce the increase in antioxidant cell capacity is important for eye protection against various diseases or external influences associated with ROS production.

• MeSH
• alkálie toxicita   MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické popálení farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• epitelové buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• hojení ran účinky léků   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• neovaskularizace rohovky prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• popálení oka chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rohovka krevní zásobení   účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• vodík farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• publikace stažené z tisku MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkálie MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• vodík MeSH

AIMS: Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The aim of this study was to review ZNF469 mutations associated with BCS type 1 to date and to describe an additional case of Czech/Polish background. METHODS: Whole genome sequencing was undertaken to identify the molecular genetic cause of disease in the proband. Sequence variants in ZNF469 previously reported as BCS type 1-causing were searched in the literature, manually curated and aligned to the reference sequence NM_001127464.2. RESULTS: The proband has been reviewed since childhood with progressive myopia and hearing loss. Aged 13 years had been diagnosed with Stickler syndrome. Aged 16.5 years, he developed acute hydrops in the left eye managed by corneal transplantation. At the age of 26, he experienced right corneal rupture after blunt trauma, also managed by grafting. He had a number of secondary complications and despite regular follow-up and timely management, the right eye became totally blind and the left eye had light perception at the last follow-up visit, aged 42. He was found to be a compound heterozygote for two novel mutations c.1705C>T; p.(Gln569*) and c.1402_1411del; p.(Pro468Alafs*31) in ZNF469. In total 22 disease-causing variants in ZNF469 have been identified, mainly in consanguineous families or endogamous populations. Only four probands, including the case described in the current study, harboured compound heterozygous mutations. CONCLUSION: BCS occurs very rarely in outbred populations which may cause diagnostic errors due to poor awareness of the disease. Investigation into the underlying molecular genetic cause in patients with connective tissue disorders may lead to a re-evaluation of their clinical diagnosis.

• Klíčová slova
• ZNF469, blindness, brittle cornea syndrome, corneal rupture, deafness, penetrating keratoplasty,
• MeSH
• abnormality očí diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• artritida diagnóza   MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• edém rohovky patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• glaukom patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• keratoplastika perforující MeSH
• kožní abnormality diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myopie patofyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci pojiva diagnóza   MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu vrozené   diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• odchlípení sítnice diagnóza   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• percepční nedoslýchavost diagnóza   MeSH
• perforace rohovky patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• trabekulektomie MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• vitrektomie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• transkripční faktory MeSH
• ZNF469 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč