An outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Stari Banovci, a settlement in the municipality of Stara Pazova, Srem, Republic of Serbia, in March-April 2019. A total of 28 persons were exposed and trichinellosis was confirmed in 24 of them. This outbreak involved members of eight families, their relatives and friends. The infection, due to Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835), was associated with consumption of pork sausages procured in a local butcher's shop. The trace-back study revealed that the meat originated from swine that was raised on a small farm belonging to the owner of the shop, who did not have permission from the Veterinary Directorate for slaughtering animals and who put on the market sausages prepared from uninspected meat. Trichinellosis was accompanied by typical clinical symptoms. However, the unusual occurrence of high percentage of pulmonary complications was noticed. The description of this outbreak indicates that medical practitioners should initiate treatment immediately in cases of high suspicion of trichinellosis, even if the serology is negative, to prevent the complications of the disease. In spite of significant achievements in the control of Trichinella infection among domestic pigs and humans in the last 10 years, it is obvious that such cases of breeding animals under inappropriate conditions, slaughtering them without approval and placing uninspected pork on the market represent a source of sporadic outbreaks in Serbia.

• Klíčová slova
• Trichinella spiralis, outbreak, uninspected pork,
• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby veterinární   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maso MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• Trichinella spiralis * MeSH
• trichinelóza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko epidemiologie   MeSH

The protozoan parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, transmitted by ticks, cause equine piroplasmosis, the most prevalent tick-borne disease in equids. Trichinellosis is a worldwide food-borne zoonosis caused by helminth Trichinella spp. that can lead to serious disease in humans, with fatal outcome. Although the infection is rare in horses, it deserves attention due to the increasing use of horse meat as a source of protein for humans. Horse trichinellosis is caused by several Trichinella species, most commonly by T. spiralis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to T. equi, B. caballi and Trichinella spp. in equids from three states of Northern Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from 139 clinically healthy animals, comprising 115 horses and 24 donkeys. Antibodies to T. equi and B. caballi were detected in serum by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and antibodies to Trichinella spp. by ELISA. Antibodies to T. equi were detected in 34% of equids (41% horses and 0% donkeys), antibodies to B. caballi in 9% of equids (8% horses and 13% donkeys), and antibodies to Trichinella spp. in 4% of equids (4% horses and 0% donkeys). There was co-infection of T. equi and B. caballi in 1% of horses and co-infection of T. equi and Trichinella spp. in 2.6% of horses. This is the first report on seroprevalence of Trichinella spp. in equids from Northern Nigeria.

• Klíčová slova
• Equus asinus, Equus caballus, Piroplasm, Trichinosis,
• MeSH
• Babesia * MeSH
• babezióza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Equidae MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní * epidemiologie   MeSH
• nemoci skotu * MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Theileria * MeSH
• theilerióza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Trichinella * MeSH
• trichinelóza * epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nigérie epidemiologie   MeSH
• západní Afrika MeSH

The elastase, which belongs to the serine protease family, hydrolyses various proteins and may be involved in the parasite invasion. In this study, complete sequence of elastase-1 (TsE) the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) was cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1 as TsE DNA vaccine. After intramuscular vaccination, serum anti-Trichinella antibodies (IgG and subclass IgG1/IgG2a, and IgA), total and specific intestinal mucosal sIgA in mice vaccinated with pcDNA3.1/TsE were measured by ELISA. The results showed that vaccination with pcDNA3.1/TsE induced a systemic humoral immune response (high levels of serum IgG and subclass IgG1/IgG2a and IgA) and local intestinal mucosal immune responses (high levels of TsE-specific sIgA). Vaccination of mice with TsE DNA vaccine also triggered a systemic and local concomitant Th1/Th2 response, as demonstrated by significant elevation of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) / Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine levels after the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch cells from vaccinated mice were stimulated with recombinant TsE (rTsE). The vaccination of mice with pcDNA3.1/TsE displayed a 17% reduction of intestinal adult worms and a 39% reduction of muscle larvae. Our results indicated that TsE DNA vaccine elicited a systemic concomitant Th1/Th2 response and an enteral local sIgA response, and produced a partial protection against infection with T. spiralis. The TsE may be regarded as a potential candidate vaccine target against Trichinella infection. The oral polyvalent vaccines should be developed to improve the protective efficacy of anti-Trichinella vaccines.

• Klíčová slova
• Trichinella, protective immunity, trichinellosis, vaccination,
• MeSH
• DNA vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• proteiny červů aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Trichinella spiralis imunologie   MeSH
• trichinelóza imunologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• vakcinace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA vakcíny MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa MeSH
• proteiny červů MeSH

Hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae) are omnivorous nocturnal animals typically living in anthropogenic areas. They may be suitable as sentinels for a wide range of zoonotic infections. Only a few studies have investigated hedgehogs (and then as representative wildlife species) to establish their role in the life cycle of such tissue parasites with zoonotic potential as Toxoplasma gondii or Trichinella spp. Working with frozen hedgehog cadavers, we tested for these parasites using T. gondii DNA-specific magnetic capture isolation plus polymerase chain reaction and Trichinella spp. digestion assay. All of 50 examined hedgehogs were negative for Trichinella spp. larvae in their muscles, but brain tissue from 5 out of 26 Erinaceus europaeus (19.2%) and 4 out of 24 E. roumanicus (16.6%) tested positive for T. gondii DNA. Frequency of T. gondii for both hedgehog species was equal, as was distribution between males and females and across age categories. Although a few studies have suggested the possibility of Trichinella spp. infection in hedgehogs, the zero prevalence in the tested hedgehogs is not surprising in view of the generally low prevalence of Trichinella spp. in Central Europe. Our results show that hedgehogs are susceptible to infection by T. gondii and can be used as indicator wildlife animal species in anthropogenic ecosystems.

• Klíčová slova
• Erinaceus europaeus, Erinaceus roumanicus, Sentinel animal, Wild mammals, Zoonosis,
• MeSH
• divoká zvířata parazitologie   MeSH
• ježkovití parazitologie   MeSH
• larva genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• protozoální DNA genetika   MeSH
• Toxoplasma genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza zvířat epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Trichinella klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• trichinelóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protozoální DNA MeSH

The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a North American carnivore introduced to Europe in the 20th Century. Raccoons are believed to be the potential hosts of many parasites, or to be involved in their transmission to other animals. Nematodes of the genus Trichinella can infect many carnivorous and omnivorous animals worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of Trichinella spp. infection in raccoons in Central Europe. Muscle samples were collected from various regions of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany during the years 2012-2016. The larvae of Trichinella spp. were detected in 11 raccoons, and these were identified as T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis by multiplex PCR (89.9% and 9.1%, respectively). No mixed infection was observed. This is the first report describing the occurrence of T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis in P. lotor in Central Europe. Our findings also show that the raccoon population acts as a reservoir of Trichinella pseudospiralis.

• Klíčová slova
• Procyon lotor, Raccoon, Sylvatic cycle, Trichinella pseudospiralis,
• MeSH
• larva klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mývalové * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Trichinella klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• trichinelóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Německo epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH

Muscular sarcosporidial infections by Sarcocystis lutrae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the otter (Lutra lutra) and badger (Meles meles) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) were found in the Czech Republic. As part of a diversity evaluation of Sarcocystis in wild carnivores during 2016-2017, samples of diaphragm, tongue and hind-limb muscles were collected from nine districts, examined by compression and characterized molecularly. Cyst walls were thin, with no visible protrusions, and histological sections of infected muscle tissue showed no host responses. Fourteen of 17 badgers (82% prevalence) and one otter (100% prevalence) were positive for sarcocysts. Sequence analyses at four loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1) confirmed the identity as S. lutrae. This is also the first report of a co-infection with muscular sarcocystosis and Trichinella in badger. The finding of Trichinella is important from the zoonotic point of view, since badgers are used for meat consumption. Similar and future monitoring of both parasitic taxa are needed.

• Klíčová slova
• Carnivora, Intermediate host, Molecular characterization, Prevalence, Sarcocystis, Trichinella,
• MeSH
• Carnivora parazitologie   MeSH
• koinfekce parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální MeSH
• Sarcocystis klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sarkocystóza komplikace   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• svaly parazitologie   MeSH
• Trichinella klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• trichinelóza komplikace   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• vydry parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální MeSH

Muscular sarcocystosis by Sarcocystis arctica was found for the first time in the Czech Republic, in different muscles of red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Cysts were slim, elongated, thread-like, whitish, 1-7mm long, and 206-270μm wide; bradyzoites were 7.9×2.7μm in unstained wet mounts and 9.2×2.9μm in cyst Giemsa-stained smears. The cyst wall was thin, with short villi-like protrusions, and no host response was observed in the histological sections. Examination of the distribution and intensity of sarcocysts in 17 different muscle groups revealed that the highest intensity was in the cranial tibial muscle (>15 cysts in compressoria), followed by the diaphragm, forearm, and other groups (with intensities of 3-15 cysts in compressoria). Sarcocysts were detected in 3 out of 86 foxes. Genetic characterization at 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1, consistently showed that the species was identical with S. arctica. Interestingly, this protozoan was also detected as a co-infection in 3 foxes with the nematode Trichinella spp. for the first time.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Muscle infection, Sarcocystis arctica, Trichinella, Vulpes vulpes, Wild carnivores,
• MeSH
• divoká zvířata parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• koinfekce epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• lišky parazitologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• Sarcocystis cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sarkocystóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• svaly parazitologie   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• Trichinella izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• trichinelóza epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH

Trichinella patagoniensis, a new species of Trichinella, is widespread in Argentina. The success of parasite transmission depends, among other factors, on the resistance of L1 larvae present in the muscle tissue (ML) of dead hosts undergoing the decomposition process in different environmental conditions. The aim of the present work was to study the infectivity of T. patagoniensis muscle larvae in Cavia porcellus and the capability of the parasite to survive in decomposed muscle tissue of guinea pigs subjected to different environmental conditions. Thirty-two female Ssi:AL guinea pigs were orally inoculated with 2000 ML of T. patagoniensis (ISS2311). All the animals were sacrificed 42 days post-infection. Twenty-six animals were eviscerated, and carcasses were placed on the surface of soil inside plastic boxes that were exposed to environmental conditions in the summer 2014-2015 and autumn of 2015 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Carcasses from six animals were placed into a plastic box inside the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 °C. The muscle tissue samples from the carcasses were examined weekly for the presence of larvae, and the infectivity of recovered ML was tested in BALB/c mice. Our results showed for the first time the ability of T. patagoniensis to complete its life cycle in guinea pigs, thus serving as a potential natural host. Also, larvae of T. patagoniensis remained infective in muscle tissue for several weeks while undergoing decomposition under different environmental conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Cavia porcellus, Guinea pigs, Infectivity, Persistence in decomposing muscle tissue, Trichinella patagoniensis,
• MeSH
• larva fyziologie   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• svaly parazitologie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Trichinella klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• trichinelóza parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Argentina MeSH

Trichinellosis is an important zoonosis that is difficult to diagnose and that can lead to disability, death and economic losses for the meat processing industry. The outbreaks are related to the consumption of insufficiently cooked pork containing larvae of Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1833). Here, we describe epidemiological features of the disease in a region where incidence rates are typically elevated (Brasov County, Romania). Our descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study spanned a period of 25 years (1983-2007) in a group of 3 345 consumers of infected meat, of whom 2179 became infected. Both raw pork and processed pork products were consumed, typically during winter and spring holidays. Pigs bred and slaughtered by households were not always tested prior to consumption. The imposition of greater hygiene and testing has decreased the burden of disease in recent years, but the tradition of raising swine for familial consumption without prior testing continues to threaten health, even among groups, not typically suspected of facing elevated zoonotic risk such as children and residents of urban areas. Most outbreaks took place at family celebrations during which pork raised locally was consumed. Higher rates of clinical disease in women may reflect their greater participation in such events, but may alternatively reflect greater exposure to raw pork during meal preparation.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maso parazitologie   MeSH
• potravinářská parazitologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• trichinelóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rumunsko epidemiologie   MeSH

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in cellular detoxification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of albendazole--drug of choice for trichinellosis--on the total activity and kinetics of cytosolic GST in the mouse intestines during experimental trichinellosis. Our results showed a statistically significant decrease in the total GST activity both in the small and large intestines of the mice infected with the nematode Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) and treated with albendazole, compared with the control mice that were infected but untreated with the drug. Furthermore, albendazole administration modified the kinetics of substrate saturation of GST in the intestines of the infected mice because the drug caused changes in Michaelis constant values of this enzyme. Based on our observations, we suggest that the quaternary structure of GST from the mouse intestines is impacted by this drug during trichinellosis.

• MeSH
• albendazol farmakologie   MeSH
• anthelmintika farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• střeva účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• trichinelóza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• albendazol MeSH
• anthelmintika MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH