BACKGROUND: Maternal perinatal mental health is essential for optimal brain development and mental health of the offspring. We evaluated whether maternal depression during the perinatal period and early life of the offspring might be selectively associated with altered brain function during emotion regulation and whether those may further correlate with physiological responses and the typical use of emotion regulation strategies. METHODS: Participants included 163 young adults (49% female, 28-30 years) from the ELSPAC prenatal birth cohort who took part in its neuroimaging follow-up and had complete mental health data from the perinatal period and early life. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured mid-pregnancy, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 18 months after birth. Regulation of negative affect was studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging, concurrent skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessment of typical emotion regulation strategy. RESULTS: Maternal depression 2 weeks after birth interacted with sex and showed a relationship with greater brain response during emotion regulation in a right frontal cluster in women. Moreover, this brain response mediated the relationship between greater maternal depression 2 weeks after birth and greater suppression of emotions in young adult women (ab = 0.11, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [0.016; 0.226]). The altered brain response during emotion regulation and the typical emotion regulation strategy were also as sociated with SCR and HRV. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that maternal depression 2 weeks after birth predisposes female offspring to maladaptive emotion regulation skills and particularly to emotion suppression in young adulthood.
- Klíčová slova
- emotion regulation, fMRI, heart rate variability, maternal perinatal depression, prenatal birth cohort, skin conductance,
- MeSH
- deprese patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emoční regulace * fyziologie MeSH
- galvanická kožní odpověď fyziologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- matky psychologie MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this work was to study the effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) on the subnetwork of subcortical and cortical motor regions and on the whole brain connectivity using the functional connectivity analysis in Parkinson's disease (PD). The high-density source space EEG was acquired and analyzed in 43 PD subjects in DBS on and DBS off stimulation states (off medication) during a cognitive-motor task. Increased high gamma band (50-100 Hz) connectivity within subcortical regions and between subcortical and cortical motor regions was significantly associated with the Movement Disorders Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III improvement after DBS. Whole brain neural correlates of cognitive performance were also detected in the high gamma (50-100 Hz) band. A whole brain multifrequency connectivity profile was found to classify optimal and suboptimal responders to DBS with a positive predictive value of 0.77, negative predictive value of 0.55, specificity of 0.73, and sensitivity of 0.60. Specific connectivity patterns related to PD, motor symptoms improvement after DBS, and therapy responsiveness predictive connectivity profiles were uncovered.
- Klíčová slova
- Connectivity patterns, Deep brain stimulation, EEG, Functional connectivity, Parkinson’s disease, Subthalamic nucleus,
- MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nucleus subthalamicus * patofyziologie MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * terapie patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In Parkinson's disease (PD), impaired gait and cognition affect daily activities, particularly in the more advanced stages of the disease. This study investigated the relationship between gait parameters, cognitive performance, and brain morphology in patients with early untreated PD. 64 drug-naive PD patients and 47 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Single- and dual-task gait (counting task) were examined using an expanded Timed Up & Go Test measured on a GaitRite walkway. Measurements included gait speed, stride length, and cadence. A brain morphometry analysis was performed on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. In PD patients compared to HC, gait analysis revealed reduced speed (p < 0.001) and stride length (p < 0.001) in single-task gait, as well as greater dual-task cost (DTC) for speed (p = 0.007), stride length (p = 0.014) and cadence (p = 0.029). Based on the DTC measures in HC, PD patients were further divided into two subgroups with normal DTC (PD-nDTC) and abnormally increased DTC (PD-iDTC). For PD-nDTC, voxel-based morphometric correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between a cluster in the left primary motor cortex and stride-length DTC (r = 0.57, p = 0.027). For PD-iDTC, a negative correlation was found between a cluster in the right lingual gyrus and the DTC for gait cadence (r=-0.35, pFWE = 0.018). No significant correlations were found in HC. The associations found between brain morphometry and gait performance with a concurrent cognitive task may represent the substrate for gait and cognitive impairment occurring since the early stages of PD.
- Klíčová slova
- Dual-task cost, Gait speed, Morphometric correlation analysis, Stepping cadence, Stride length, Timed up and go test,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mozek * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- neurologické poruchy chůze * etiologie patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie patologie komplikace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The fetus develops normally in a hypoxic environment but exaggerated hypoxia late in pregnancy is a worrisome sign often observed in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, or fetal growth restriction (FGR). Serial fetal biometry and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR, calculated as the middle cerebral artery [MCA] / the umbilical artery [UmbA] pulsatility indices [PI]), are commonly used to indicate fetal "brain sparing" resulting from exaggerated fetal hypoxia. But unclear is the extent to which a low CPR indicates pathology or is a physiological response for maintaining cerebral blood flow. We studied 31 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies at low (LA, 1670 m) or high (HA, 2879 m) altitude, given the chronic hypoxia imposed by HA residence, and 54 LA women with a clinical diagnosis of FGR. At week 34, the MCA PI was lower in the LA-FGR than the LA-AGA group but lower still in the HA-AGA compared to either LA groups due to a trend toward higher end-diastolic velocity (EDV). We concluded that the lower MCA PI was likely due to greater cerebral vasodilation in the HA AGA group and an indication of physiological versus pathological fetal hypoxia. Future reporting of serial MCA and UmbA values and their determinants along with the CPR could improve our ability to distinguish between physiological and pathological fetal brain sparing. Keywords: Birth weight, Cerebroplacental ratio, Fetal physiology, HDP, High altitude.
- MeSH
- arteria cerebri media * diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- arteriae umbilicales diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypoxie plodu * patofyziologie MeSH
- hypoxie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie krevní zásobení diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh fyziologie MeSH
- nadmořská výška MeSH
- růstová retardace plodu * patofyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Brain imaging studies in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have found mixed evidence for functional and structural changes in CRPS. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated two patient cohorts from different centers and examined functional connectivity (rsFC) in 51 CRPS patients and 50 matched controls. rsFC was compared in predefined ROI pairs, but also in non-hypothesis driven analyses. Resting state (rs)fMRI changes in default mode network (DMN) and the degree rank order disruption index (kD) were additionally evaluated. Finally, imaging parameters were correlated with clinical severity and somatosensory function. Among predefined pairs, we found only weakly to moderately lower functional connectivity between the right nucleus accumbens and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the infra-slow oscillations (ISO) band. The unconstrained ROI-to-ROI analysis revealed lower rsFC between the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and left anterior insula, and higher rsFC between the right sensorimotor thalamus and nucleus accumbens. In the correlation analysis, pain was positively associated with insulo-prefrontal rsFC, whereas sensorimotor thalamo-cortical rsFC was positively associated with tactile spatial resolution of the affected side. In contrast to previous reports, we found no group differences for kD or rsFC in the DMN, but detected overall lower data quality in patients. In summary, while some of the previous results were not replicated despite the larger sample size, novel findings from two independent cohorts point to potential down-regulated antinociceptive modulation by the PAG and increased connectivity within the reward system as pathophysiological mechanisms in CRPS. However, in light of the detected systematic differences in data quality between patients and healthy subjects, validity of rsFC abnormalities in CRPS should be carefully scrutinized in future replication studies.
- Klíčová slova
- Biomarker, CRPS, Functional connectivity, Neuropathic pain, Resting-state fMRI,
- MeSH
- default mode network diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- komplexní regionální syndromy bolesti * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- konektom metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nervová síť patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: The initial rhythm is a known predictor of survival in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) patients. However, the effect of the rhythm at hospital admission on outcomes in these patients is less clear. METHODS: This observational, single-center study assessed the influence of the rhythm at hospital admission on 30-day survival and neurological outcomes at discharge in patients who underwent ECPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). RESULTS: Between January 2012 and December 2023, 1,219 OHCA patients were admitted, and 210 received ECPR. Of these, 196 patients were analyzed. The average age was 52.9 years (±13), with 80.6 % male. The median time to ECPR initiation was 61 min (IQR 54-72). Patients with ventricular fibrillation as both the initial and admission rhythm had the highest 30-day survival rate (52 %: 35/67), while those with asystole in both instances had the lowest (6 %: 1/17, log-rank p < 0.00001). After adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm, resuscitation time, location, bystander, and witnessed status, asystole at admission was linked to higher 30-day mortality (OR 4.03, 95 % CI 1.49-12.38, p = 0.009) and worse neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category 3-5) at discharge (OR 4.61, 95 % CI 1.49-17.62, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The rhythm at hospital admission affects ECPR outcomes. Patients presenting with and maintaining ventricular fibrillation have a higher chance of favorable neurological survival, whereas those presenting with or converting to asystole have poor outcomes. The rhythm at hospital admission appears to be a valuable criterion for deciding on ECPR initiation.
- Klíčová slova
- Cardiac arrest, Cardiac rhythm, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Heart arrest, Heart rhythm, Rhythm conversion,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibrilace komor terapie mortalita komplikace MeSH
- hospitalizace * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kardiopulmonální resuscitace metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mimotělní membránová oxygenace * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- míra přežití trendy MeSH
- mozek * patofyziologie MeSH
- příjem pacientů * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční frekvence * fyziologie MeSH
- zástava srdce mimo nemocnici terapie mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit depressive episodes with similar symptoms despite having different and poorly understood underlying neurobiology, often leading to misdiagnosis and improper treatment. This exploratory study examined whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) using FC multivariate pattern analysis (fc-MVPA) to identify the FC patterns with the greatest ability to distinguish between currently depressed patients with BD type I (BD I) and those with MDD. METHODOLOGY: In a cross-sectional design, 41 BD I, 40 MDD patients and 63 control participants completed resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Data-driven fc-MVPA, as implemented in the CONN toolbox, was used to identify clusters with differential FC patterns between BD patients and MDD patients. The identified cluster was used as a seed in a post hoc seed-based analysis (SBA) to reveal associated connectivity patterns, followed by a secondary ROI-to-ROI analysis to characterize differences in connectivity between these patterns among BD I patients, MDD patients and controls. RESULTS: FC-MVPA identified one cluster located in the right frontal pole (RFP). The subsequent SBA revealed greater FC between the RFP and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and between the RFP and the left inferior/middle temporal gyrus (LI/MTG) and lower FC between the RFP and the left precentral gyrus (LPCG), left lingual gyrus/occipital cortex (LLG/OCC) and right occipital cortex (ROCC) in MDD patients than in BD patients. Compared with the controls, ROI-to-ROI analysis revealed lower FC between the RFP and the PCC and greater FC between the RFP and the LPCG, LLG/OCC and ROCC in BD patients; in MDD patients, the analysis revealed lower FC between the RFP and the LLG/OCC and ROCC and greater FC between the RFP and the LI/MTG. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the RFP FC patterns between currently depressed patients with BD and those with MDD suggest potential neuroimaging markers that should be further examined. Specifically, BD patients exhibit increased FC between the RFP and the motor and visual networks, which is associated with psychomotor symptoms and heightened compensatory frontoparietal FC to counter distractibility. In contrast, MDD patients exhibit increased FC between the RFP and the default mode network, corresponding to sustained self-focus and rumination.
- Klíčová slova
- Bipolar disorder, Functional connectivity, Major depressive disorder, Multivariate pattern analysis, Resting state,
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- depresivní porucha unipolární * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- konektom metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- nervová síť diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- nervové dráhy patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Antagonistic activity of brain networks likely plays a fundamental role in how the brain optimizes its performance by efficient allocation of computational resources. A prominent example involves externally/internally oriented attention tasks, implicating two anticorrelated, intrinsic brain networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). To elucidate electrophysiological underpinnings and causal interplay during attention switching, we recorded intracranial EEG (iEEG) from 25 epilepsy patients with electrode contacts localized in the DMN and DAN. We show antagonistic network dynamics of activation-related changes in high-frequency (> 50 Hz) and low-frequency (< 30 Hz) power. The temporal profile of information flow between the networks estimated by functional connectivity suggests that the activated network inhibits the other one, gating its activity by increasing the amplitude of the low-frequency oscillations. Insights about inter-network communication may have profound implications for various brain disorders in which these dynamics are compromised.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- elektrofyziologické jevy MeSH
- epilepsie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek * fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť * fyziologie MeSH
- pozornost * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning. This phenomenon in ADHD should be associated with impairments in the Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, understanding the neural correlates of the ToM could be crucial for helping individuals with ADHD with their social functioning. Thus, we aimed to review published literature concerning neuroanatomical and functional correlates of ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS: We reviewed studies published between 1970 and 2023. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, after data from three databases were collected, two authors (LN and PM) independently screened all relevant records (n=638) and consequently, both authors did the data extraction. The quality of the included studies (n=5) was measured by a modified version of The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and by measures specific for our study. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020139847). RESULTS: Results indicated that impairments in performing of the ToM tasks were negatively associated with the grey matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in both, ADHD and control group. In EEG studies, a significantly greater electrophysiological activity during ToM tasks was observed in the, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in participants with ADHD as compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: More research is needed to explore the ToM deficits in children with ADHD. Future research might focus on the neural circuits associated with attention and inhibition, which deficits seems to contribute to the ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
- Klíčová slova
- ADHD, Children, FMRI, Mentalization, Neural correlates, Neural networks,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie MeSH
- teorie mysli * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Schizophrenia is a prototypical network disorder with widespread brain-morphological alterations, yet it remains unclear whether these distributed alterations robustly reflect the underlying network layout. We tested whether large-scale structural alterations in schizophrenia relate to normative structural and functional connectome architecture, and systematically evaluated robustness and generalizability of these network-level alterations. Leveraging anatomical MRI scans from 2439 adults with schizophrenia and 2867 healthy controls from 26 ENIGMA sites and normative data from the Human Connectome Project (n = 207), we evaluated structural alterations of schizophrenia against two network susceptibility models: (i) hub vulnerability, which examines associations between regional network centrality and magnitude of disease-related alterations; (ii) epicenter mapping, which identifies regions whose typical connectivity profile most closely resembles the disease-related morphological alterations. To assess generalizability and specificity, we contextualized the influence of site, disease stages, and individual clinical factors and compared network associations of schizophrenia with that found in affective disorders. Our findings show schizophrenia-related cortical thinning is spatially associated with functional and structural hubs, suggesting that highly interconnected regions are more vulnerable to morphological alterations. Predominantly temporo-paralimbic and frontal regions emerged as epicenters with connectivity profiles linked to schizophrenia's alteration patterns. Findings were robust across sites, disease stages, and related to individual symptoms. Moreover, transdiagnostic comparisons revealed overlapping epicenters in schizophrenia and bipolar, but not major depressive disorder, suggestive of a pathophysiological continuity within the schizophrenia-bipolar-spectrum. In sum, cortical alterations over the course of schizophrenia robustly follow brain network architecture, emphasizing marked hub susceptibility and temporo-frontal epicenters at both the level of the group and the individual. Subtle variations of epicenters across disease stages suggest interacting pathological processes, while associations with patient-specific symptoms support additional inter-individual variability of hub vulnerability and epicenters in schizophrenia. Our work outlines potential pathways to better understand macroscale structural alterations, and inter- individual variability in schizophrenia.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- konektom * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- mozková kůra patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť patologie patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nervové dráhy patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- schizofrenie * patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
