Gambling brings excitement, which is a part of entertainment, but also a basis of operant conditioning, which, in conjunction with other biological and psychological factors, leads to the loss of control over the player's behaviour. This gambling disorder (problem gambling) is characterized by a high intensity and episodic character of gambling and a high amount of staked money, with negative consequences to players and their close ones. Problem gamblers have a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity, as well as suicide. Various gambling products pose a different risk of problem gambling. The game's risk is determined by the arousal for players, the social nature of the game, or the degree of skill required for gambling. It is an effect of so-called structural and situational characteristics, such as amount and variability of bets, structure and probability of win, jackpot, game speed, near wins, audio and visual effects, etc. The game risk increases also with its accessibility or with substance use while playing. In the Czech Republic, there is a high availability of electronic gaming machines (EGM) compared to the neighbouring countries; the availability of on-line games has increased dramatically in recent years. There is also an observed increase in participation in on-line gambling, not just odds and live betting, but also technical games or casino games as reported in population surveys. Estimated up to 5.7% of the adult population is at risk of problem gambling (approx. 510 thousand persons), of which 1.2-1.4% are at a high risk (approx. 80-120 thousand persons). EGMs represent the highest risk, but also casino or on-line games including odds betting, especially live betting shows high risk of problem gambling. Most of the problem gamblers are men; especially young men are highly vulnerable. Although the new Gambling Act has introduced a number of new preventive measures since 2017 according to basic types of games, the assessment of the risk potential of particular gambling products is not a part of their licensing. This contributes to increasing availability of high-risk games, especially on-line.

• Klíčová slova
• gambling, gambling disorder, situational characteristics, structural characteristics,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The current level of knowledge concerning the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on internet use, gambling, and substance use in structurally disadvantaged regions is scarce. The objective of this study was an investigation of the relationship between SES and risky internet use, gambling and substance use in a structurally disadvantaged region in Central Europe. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among high school students (n = 1063) in a Czech structurally disadvantaged region in autumn 2017. Binary Logistic Regression models were applied to data from the modified Excessive Internet Use scale (mEIUS), a standard tool for measuring the risk of addictive behavior on the internet and the risk of excessive gaming. Other data were collected using the Lie/Bet (problematic gambling), CAGE (acronym of the key words: cut, angry, guilty and eye-opener), and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) (problematic alcohol/cannabis use) tools. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between at-risk and not-at-risk groups in addictive behavior on the internet and gaming, while none were found in problematic gambling. Individual dimensions of SES showed significant effects on substance use. Regarding parenting styles, significant differences were found only in the risk of addictive behavior on the internet or gaming between the authoritarian and authoritative styles. Being engaged in behavioral addictions with one´s parents increased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and decreased the odds of the substance addiction risk. Engagement with one´s parents in substance addictions decreased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and increased the odds of the substance addiction risk. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results point at specific relations between SES and the risk of addictive behaviors on the internet and gaming within structurally disadvantaged regions. The results of SES and/or structurally disadvantaged region measures obtained in research, policy-making, and care-provision may improve the focus of actions taken.

• Klíčová slova
• adolescents, disadvantaged region, gambling, internet use, socioeconomic status, students, substance use,
• MeSH
• hráčství epidemiologie   MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• návykové chování epidemiologie   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• videohry * MeSH
• zranitelné populace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Application of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is of fundamental importance for the future existence and success of gambling operators, the activity of which is linked to a risk of addiction to gambling together with the negative impacts of this on the health and wellbeing of gamblers, families and society as a whole. Gambling operators must apply and effectively communicate socially responsible activities in the economic, environmental, ethical, social and philanthropic fields and in particular in the field of responsible gambling. Nowadays, it is necessary to ensure communication via modern channels in the form of corporate websites and social networks. This study evaluates the level of web-based CSR communication by gambling operators which operate in one of the post-communist countries-the Czech Republic (114 companies). It at the same time provides an alternative method of evaluating the level of CSR communication by gambling operators which makes it possible to uncover weaknesses and room for improvement on the part of the gambling operator's CSR communication practices. The results of the study show that the level of web-based CSR communication of gambling operators operating in the Czech Republic is low, both in comparison with controversial companies and also with non-controversial companies. Economic responsibility activities, responsible gambling and philanthropic responsibility activities are communicated to the greatest extent. On the contrary, ethical responsibility activities are communicated the least.

• Klíčová slova
• Corporate social responsibility, Czech Republic, Gambling operators, Responsible gambling, Web-based communication,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství epidemiologie   MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návykové chování epidemiologie   MeSH
• organizační kultura MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• sociální odpovědnost * MeSH
• veřejná politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gambling in adolescence is often related to licit and illicit substance use. Some evidence shows that teenage smokers gamble more than non-smokers. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between problem gambling and smoking among Czech adolescents. METHODS: Data on 6,082 adolescents (50.1% boys and 49.9% girls) aged 15-19 years were collected as part of the ESPAD study in the Czech Republic in 2015. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to test the hypothesis that the early onset of daily smoking increases the risk of problem gambling. RESULTS: The age of initiation of daily smoking seems to be a more reliable marker of the risk of problem gambling than smoking status or intensity of smoking. More than 20% of smokers who started smoking daily at the age of 12 years or earlier are at risk of problem gambling, which shows a significantly increased probability compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.7). Other factors that increase the chances of becoming a problem gambler include being male, of higher age, and a student of a secondary school. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between adolescent smoking and gambling is complex and is likely to be influenced by other underlying factors. Early daily smokers and at-risk gamblers tend in a similar way to risky behavior as a result of impulsivity. Interventions targeting early smoking and other substance-use behavior should not only aim at quitting smoking but could also include preventing smokers from developing problem gambling.

• Klíčová slova
• ESPAD, adolescents, early initiation, gambling, problem gambling, smoking,
• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření cigaret epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although generally prohibited by national regulations, underage gambling has become popular in Europe, with relevant cross-country prevalence variability. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of underage gambling in Europe stratified by type of game and on-/off-line mode and to examine the association with individual and family characteristics and substance use. DESIGN: Our study used data from the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross-sectional study, a survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. SETTING: Thirty-three European countries. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen-year-old-year-old students (n = 93 875; F = 50.8%). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was prevalence of past-year gambling activity. Key predictors comprised individual behaviours, substance use and parenting (regulation, monitoring and caring). FINDINGS: A total of 22.6% of 16-year-old students in Europe gambled in the past year: 16.2% on-line, 18.5% off-line. High prevalence variability was observed throughout countries both for mode and types of game. With the exception of cannabis, substance use shows a higher association with gambling, particularly binge drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39-1.53), life-time use of inhalants (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.47-1.68) and other substances (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.65-1.92)]. Among life habits, the following showed a positive association: truancy at school (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.18-1.35), going out at night (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.26-1.38), participating in sports (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.24-1.37). A negative association was found with reading books for leisure (OR = 0.82%, 95% CI = 0.79-0.86), parents' monitoring of Saturday night activities (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.77-0.86) and restrictions on money provided by parents as a gift (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Underage gambling in Europe appears to be associated positively with alcohol, tobacco and other substance use (but not cannabis), as well as with other individual behaviours such as truancy, going out at night and active participation in sports, and is associated negatively with reading for pleasure, parental monitoring of evening activities and parental restriction of money.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescents’ youth gambling, ESPAD school survey, European countries, off-line and on-line gambling, risk behaviours, substance use,
• MeSH
• čichání psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   MeSH
• čtení MeSH
• hráčství epidemiologie   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nárazové pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rodičovství * MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• užívání marihuany epidemiologie   MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

AIM: To provide an overview of gambling and associated problems in the Czech Republic, including an overview of the historical context, legislation, prevalence, treatment and research base and agenda. METHODS: A review of literature and relevant sources. RESULTS: The trajectory of gambling patterns in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century reflected broad socio-political changes. Those included significant expansion between the wars, strict state control and bans on some gambling activities during the communist regime and finally dynamic development characterized by a boom in electronic gaming machines (EGMs) and increasing accessibility of gambling facilities after 1989, which aggravated gambling-related problems. Many municipalities have banned EGMs, which has created conflict in regulation at state and municipal levels. The draft gambling law prepared in 2014 aims to clarify the regulatory framework. Before 2012 there was only sporadic research interest in gambling, but in 2012 the first complex research on gaming and problem gambling in the Czech population took place. The estimated prevalence of problem gambling is currently 2% in the population aged 15-64 years. Preventive measures, counselling and treatment services for problem gamblers are limited. CONCLUSIONS: Weak and ineffective regulation of the gambling market in the Czech Republic during the past 20 years, despite the large growth in gambling, has led to inadequate prevention and response to problem gambling which has become a considerable public health, social and political issue.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, gambling, prevalence, problem gambling, regulation, research, treatment,
• MeSH
• behaviorální výzkum * dějiny   trendy   MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• hráčství * epidemiologie   dějiny   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návykové chování * epidemiologie   dějiny   terapie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Gambling in children and adolescents is a serious and relatively common problem especially among Czech boys. Psychotherapy, family therapy and prevention are more important than pharmacotherapy here. The prevention includes also the restrictions of gambling availability. We present a brief case report and the instructions for the parents of children with a gambling problem.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   rehabilitace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH