During screening of colorectal cancer by the Haemoccult test (Röhm Pharma Co.) the authors investigated the incidence of idiopathic proctocolitis in the population of the Bruntál district. The group of tested subjects comprises 16.642 of the population aged 45 to 86 years. After examination of 380 positive subjects (2.28%) twelve cases of idiopathic proctocolitis were detected. Of these twelve seven were identified previously and a new diagnosis was made in five subjects. At twelve cases were identified from a population of 16.642, the assumed prevalence in 1989 in the given age group is 72/100.000. This suggests considerable underestimation of the prevalence of idiopathic proctocolitis in current epidemiological surveys.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• proktokolitida epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

The authors are presenting a review on the prevalence of bronchial asthma (AB) worldwide and in this country in the child and adult population. The cumulative prevalence of AB in children in Europe is 2.8-19.5%, most frequently 5-10%. The highest prevalence is in Australia (as high as 30%). The cumulative and present prevalence of AB in children doubled in the last ten years. A rise is described in most countries (Scandinavia, Spain, Wales, USA, New Zealand, Australia and Czech Republic). In adults the prevalence of AB is lower, but the rise is similar. The mortality from AB is no longer increasing during the last five years, or is even declining. In the Czech Republic the mortality declined from 2.61/100 000 population to 2.05/100 000 population in 1990-93, in 1994 to 1.58/100 000 population. In 1994 in our country 163 people died from AB.

• MeSH
• bronchiální astma epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Czech women and men aged 50 to 75 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bone mineral density was assessed in an age-stratified random sample of 713 women and 429 men from two cities (Prague and Litomĕrice) in the lumbar spine, proximal femur and total body by dual X-ray absorptiometry and in the distal forearm by single X-ray absorptiometry. The proportion of women and men in each age group with bone density below specified levels at any of these skeletal sites was projected to the population structure of the Czech Republic. With advancing age, in women at 55 years and in men at 65 years of age the population with normal bone mineral density becomes smaller, and a greater proportion has osteopenia or osteoporosis. Overall, an estimated 428,000 women and 195,000 men over age 50 have osteoporosis and another 680,000 women and 435,000 men have osteopenia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this first population-based cross sectional study in the Czech Republic document a high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia which is comparable with that published for the Netherlands and the United States. The results offer a basis for economical considerations in diagnosis, treatment and consequences of osteoporosis.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci kostí epidemiologie   MeSH
• osteoporóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

AIM: To establish prevalence of conjunctival concretions in a random cohort of patients visiting the general outpatients' department of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Faculty Hospital and 1st Medical faculty, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. COHORT OF PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cohort consisted of 500 consecutive patients, 190 males and 310 females visiting the general outpatients' department with various problems. The mean age was 46.8 years (13-103 years). The complete eye examination, including detailed check-up of tarsal conjunctiva and conjunctiva of the fornices at the slit lamp was performed. The presence of conjunctival concretions, frequency of the foreign body sensation in patients with concretions, localization of the concretions and their structure, dependence of the concretions' presentation on the patient's age, the dysfunction of the Meibomian glands, and chronic meibomitis were established. RESULTS: The presence of the conjunctival concretions was found in 198 patients (39.6%), symptomatic were 6% of patients with deposits only. No significant difference was found between the localization on the upper and lower eye lid, nor right or left eye. Superficial deposits (85.8%) were more common than the deep ones, hard deposits (79.8%) more common than the gelatinous ones, and single deposits (77.8%) more common than the confluent ones. Deposits were found in patients as early as at the age of 20 years, with the maximum of occurrence between 30-80 years of age. In 30.3% of patients with conjunctival concretions, the dysfunction of Meibomian glands, or chronic meibomitis were detected. SUMMARY: Frequent presence of conjunctival deposits in random cohort of patients was established, and occurrence in younger groups of patients was noticed. Symptomatic deposits were found in 6% of patients only.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kaménky diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nemoci spojivky diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, which may result in the development of benign or malignant tumours. HPV infec-tions cause approximately 5% of all human cancers. Infection at all sites is strongly associated with sexual behaviour, but this association does not appear to explain substantial differences in the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and clearance of HPV infection in the anal, genital, and oral areas. Discussed are the similarities and differences among the natural histories of infection in different anatomical sites of the human body of both genders. Despite the huge advances already achieved, more research is needed to suggest effective prevention strategies (including the screening of high-risk groups and vaccination) for HPV infection and associated diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• human papillomavirus - HPV - prevalence - incidence - persistence - transmission.,
• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * epidemiologie   patologie   přenos   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Papillomaviridae * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the most common chronic bacterial infection in humans. Hp has been demonstrated worldwide and in individuals of all ages. The overall prevalence of Hp infection has fallen dramatically in the Czech Republic over recent 15 years (from 70% in 1993 to 35% in 2006). This decrease can be explained mostly by the relatively favourable and improving socioeconomic conditions after the fall of communist regime. However, it is necessary to consider also the fundamental determinants of "modern times" that could cause gradual disappearing of Hp from the human "microbiome".

• MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori * MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CZECHOSLOVAKIA *, EPIDEMIOLOGY *, MORBIDITY *, TUBERCULOSIS *,
• MeSH
• epidemiologie * MeSH
• morbidita * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• tuberkulóza * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients of gynecological practise aged 31-60. DESIGN: Prospective questionnaire study. SETTING: Obstetric and Gynecologic Department, Charles University 2nd Medical Faculty and Teaching Hospital Motol, Prague. METHODS: Questionnaire study of 561 women aged 31-60 examined with gynecological problems (not for the symptoms of urinary incontinence) from November 2001 till October 2002 in standard gynecological practise. The questionnaire included history, evaluation of urinary continence, lasting of the symptoms, body mass index, obesity, age, parity. Stress, urgent and mixed incontinence and influence on the sexual life were also evaluated. Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test and chi2 test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The incontinence rate in the group of 533 evaluated patients (95% completed questionnaires from 561) of gynecological practise was 23.8%. 81.1% of incontinent patients in the study suffered from stress urinary incontinence. For an easy survey and analysis the patients were divided into three age groups (31-40, 41-50, 51-60). Prevalence of the urinary incontinence rised with age. Statistically significant lower prevalence of urinary incontinence was in the age group 31-40 (p<0.0005). Influence of parity on the prevalence of incontinence was statistically significant only in the age group 31-40 (p=0.002). Obesity had no statistical impact on prevalence of urinary incontinence (p=0.79). 5.5% of incontinent women suffered from negative effect of urinary incontinence on sexuality; the differencies among the age groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show high prevalence of urinary incontinence in population of healthy women of gynecological practise. Low interest for the treatment is in contrast with high prevalence of this symptom. Higher quality of the enlightenment with attention to the prevention and therapy of urinary incontinence in population is the way how to improve quality of lives of the afflicted women.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inkontinence moči epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• stresová inkontinence moči epidemiologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Czech Republic can be estimated from data reported by health care providers either to the statistical office or to health insurers. The latter include both diagnosis and prescribed drugs. Patient classification to a certain chronic condition based on consumption of drugs (Pharmacy-based Cost Groups classification) has been used in the Czech Republic for the purpose of redistribution of collected funds among health insurers since the beginning of 2018. This article compares prevalence of diabetes estimated from statistical data and from data reported to health insurers, and discusses current and future advantages and disadvantages of all methodologies. Diagnoses reporting in outpatient care are considered to be inaccurate, on the other hand peroral antidiabetics do not seem to be prescribed to all indicated patients. The appropriate approach to prevalence estimation from data reported to health insurers is becoming even more important after the creation of National Diabetes Register based on insurance data and the related abatement of direct reporting to the statistical office.

• Klíčová slova
• PCG classification, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, prevalence, type 2 diabetes mellitus,
• MeSH
• ambulantní péče MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypoglykemika MeSH

476 patients with cervical lesions were examined for HPV presence in the lower genital tract. The ViraPap/ViraType detection set was used. Prevalence of low oncogenic risk group of HPV types (LR-HPV) was 12.2% a that of intermediate and high risk group (HR-HPV) was 28.5%. It is compared with control series of 168 women undergoing interruption of pregnancy (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.0% and of HR-HPV 13.7%) and with a control series of 137 STD (sexually transmitted disease) bearers (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.6% and of HR-HPV 19.0%). HR-HPV positivity was found in 37.8% of patients with CIN I, 46.7% with CIN II and 35.3% with CIN III. 16 of 20 cases (80%) with invasive cervical cancer were HR-HPV positive. The authors confirmed a statistically significant difference of HR-HPV positivity between series of women with interruption of pregnancy, with CIN and with invasive cervical cancer. Among HR-HPV positive cases, 76.5% had CIN or invasive cancer of cervix. The role of HPV testing in clinical management of cervical lesions is evaluated and considered meaningful by authors.

• MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla virologie   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí virologie   MeSH
• infekce onkogenními viry diagnóza   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnóza   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Papillomaviridae * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sexuálně přenosné nemoci virologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH