Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 24132122
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Leuconeurospora bharatiensis from accumulated snow sediment sample. Argentina, Pseudocercospora quetri on leaf spots of Luma apiculata. Australia, Polychaetomyces verrucosus on submerged decaying wood in sea water, Ustilaginoidea cookiorum on Scleria levis, Xylaria guardiae as endophyte from healthy leaves of Macaranga tanarius. Belgium, Iodophanus taxi on leaf of Taxus baccata. Belize, Hygrocybe mirabilis on soil. Brazil, Gongronella irregularis from soil, Linodochium splendidum on decaying sheath of Euterpe oleracea, Nothophysalospora agapanthi (incl. Nothophysalospora gen. nov.) on flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Phaeosphaeria tabebuiae on leaf of Tabebuia sp., Verrucohypha endophytica (incl. Verrucohypha gen. nov.) from healthy roots of Acrocomia aculeata. Estonia, Inosperma apricum on soil under Quercus robur. Greece, Monosporascus solitarius isolated from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum. India, Diaporthe neocapsici on young seedling stems of Capsicum annuum, Fuscoporia naditirana on dead wood, Sebacina spongicarpa on soil, Torula kanvae from the gut of a Copris signatus beetle. Iran, Sarcinomyces pruni from twig and petiole tissues of Prunus persica and Prunus armeniaca, Xenodidymella quercicola from leaf spots of Quercus brantii. Italy, Agaricus aereiceps on grass, Agaricus bellui in meadows, Agaricus fabrianensis in urban grasslands, Beaucarneamyces muscorum on moss growing in forest, Xenoanthostomella quercus on leaf litter of Quercus ilex. Netherlands, Alfaria neerlandica on stem lesions of Cortaderia selloana, Neodictyosporium juncicola on culms of Juncus maritimus, Penicillium geertdesnooi from soil under Papaver rhoeas, Russula abscondita on rich calcareous soil with Quercus, Russula multiseptata on rich clay soil with Quercus, Russula purpureopallescens on soil with Populus, Sarocladium caricicola on leaves of Carex riparia. Pakistan, Circinaria shimlaensis on limestone rocks. Panama, Acrocalymma philodendri on leaf spots of Philodendron sp., Caligospora panamaensis on leaf litter, Chlamydocillium simulans associated with a Xylaria sp., Corynesporina panamaensis on leaf litter, Cylindromonium panamaense on twig litter of angiosperm, Cyphellophora panamaensis on twig litter of angiosperm, Microcera panamensis on leaf litter of fern, Pseudotricholoma pusillum in tropical montane forest dominated by Quercus spp., Striaticonidium panamaense on leaf litter, Yunnanomyces panamaensis on leaf litter. Poland, Albocremella abscondita (incl. Albocremella gen. nov.) from rhizoids of liverwort Conocephalum salebrosum. Portugal, Agaricus occidualis in meadows. South Africa, Alternaria elsarustiae on culms of unidentified Poaceae, Capronia capensis on dead twig of unidentified angiosperm, Codinaeella bulbinicola on dead leaves of Bulbine frutescens, Cytospora carpobroticola on leaf of Carpobrotus quadrifidus, Neophaeomoniella watsoniae on leaf of Watsonia sp., Neoplatysporoides aloigena on leaf of Aloe khamiesensis, Nothodactylaria comitabilis on living leaf of Itea rhamnoides, Nothopenidiella beaucarneae (incl. Nothopenidiella gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta, Orbilia kirstenboschensis on dead flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Phragmocephala agapanthi on dead flower stalks of Agapanthus praecox, Podocarpigena hagahagaensis (incl. Podocarpigena gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Podocarpus falcatus, Sporisorium enterogonipteri from the gut of Gonipterus sp., Synnemapestaloides searsiae on leaf of Searsia populifolia, Xenophragmocapnias diospyri (incl. Xenophragmocapnias gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Diospyros sp., Yunnanomyces hagahagaensis on leaf spots of Sideroxylon inerme. Spain, Agaricus basicinctus in meadows, Agaricus quercetorum among leaf litter in oak forests, Coprinopsis palaciosii on degraded woody debris, Inocybe complutensis in calcareous loamy soil, Inocybe tanitiae in calcareous sandy soil, Mycena subfragosa on dead leaves of Salix atrocinerea, Pseudobaeospora cortegadensis in laurel forests, Trichoderma sedimenticola from fluvial sediments. Sweden, Inocybe badjelanndana on calcareous soil. Ukraine, Beaucarneamyces lupini on overwintered stems of Lupinus polyphyllus, Protocreopsis globulosa on thallus and apothecia of Lecania cyrtella on bark of Populus sp., Thyridium tiliae on dead twigs of Tilia sp. USA, Cladosporium louisianense, Cyphellophora americana from a bedroom vent, Extremus massachusettsianus from lyse buffer, Myxotrichum tapetae on carpet in basement, Neospissiomyces floridanus (incl. Neospissiomyces gen. nov.) on swab from hospital, Polychaetomyces marinus (incl. Polychaetomyces gen. nov.) on submerged driftwood in sea water, Steccherinum fragrans on hardwood fallen on the beach, Steinbeckomyces carnegieae (incl. Steinbeckomyces gen. nov.) on Carnegiea gigantea, Tolypocladium pennsylvanicum from air sampled in basement. Vietnam, Acidomyces ducanhii from Aglaia flowers, Acidomyces paludis from dead bark of Acacia sp., Phakopsora sageretiae on Sageretia theezans, Puccinia stixis on Stixis scandens. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Jurjević Ž, et al. (2024). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 14: 325-577. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.14.19.
- Klíčová slova
- ITS nrDNA barcodes, LSU, new taxa, systematics,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Trichomoniasis, a globally distributed sexually transmitted infection, is caused by the urogenital parasite Trichomonas vaginalis Donné, 1836 affecting both women and men. The treatment of choice is metronidazole (MTZ). In the present study, 15 samples of vaginal discharge and urine were analysed by sequencing nitroreductase genes (ntr4 and ntr6). An in silico model was structured to illustrate the location of point mutations (PM) in the protein. The ntr4 gene presented four PMs: G76C (10/10), C213G (9/10), C318A (5/10) and G424A (1/10), while the ntr6 gene had eight PMs; G593A (13/13) the most frequent, G72T and G627C, both in 8/13. The PM C213G and A438T generated a stop codon causing a truncated nitroreductase 4 and 6 protein. Docking analysis demonstrated that some models had a decrease in binding affinity to MTZ (p < 0.0001). A high frequency of mutations was observed in the samples analysed that could be associated with resistance to MTZ in Chile.
- Klíčová slova
- clinical samples., dysfunctional enzyme, genital infection, protein polymorphism, refractory treatment, trichomoniasis,
- MeSH
- antiprotozoální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bodová mutace * MeSH
- léková rezistence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronidazol * farmakologie MeSH
- nitroreduktasy * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protozoální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- trichomonádová vaginitida parazitologie MeSH
- Trichomonas vaginalis * genetika účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiprotozoální látky MeSH
- metronidazol * MeSH
- nitroreduktasy * MeSH
- protozoální proteiny MeSH
Escherichia coli is a significant pathogen in extraintestinal infections, and ESBL-producing E. coli poses a major clinical challenge due to its antibiotic resistance. This study comprehensively analyzed E. coli isolates from urine and blood samples of patients with urinary tract and bloodstream infections at three major tertiary hospitals in South Korea. The goal was to provide insights into the distribution, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of these strains. Our analysis identified CTX-M and TEM as the dominant ESBL types, found in 71.7% and 61.7% of isolates, respectively, with 46.7% showing co-occurrence. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the predominance of high-risk clones such as ST131, ST69, ST73, and ST95, with rare sequence types like ST410 and ST405 also identified. The high prevalence of virulence factors, including iutA (80.8%) and kpsMII (74.2%), further highlights the complexity of these strains. In addition, 38.3% of clinical isolates contained a combination of siderophore, adhesin, protectin, and toxin-related genes. There was no significant difference between urinary tract and bloodstream infections or regional differentiation in Korea. This study highlights the importance of controlling ESBL-producing E. coli infections, especially given the increasing incidence among patients with underlying medical conditions and older adults who are more susceptible to urinary tract infections. These findings serve as valuable indicators for pathogen analysis, especially those harboring antibiotic resistance and toxin genes. The insights gained are expected to contribute significantly to the development of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.
Antler is one of the primary animal raw materials exploited for technical purposes by the hunter-gatherer groups of the Eurasian Upper Palaeolithic (UP) all over the ecological range of deers, and beyond. It was exhaustively employed to produce one of the most critical tools for the survival of the UP societies: hunting weapons. However, antler implements can be made from diverse deer taxa, with different ecological requirements and ethological behaviours. Identifying the antler's origin at a taxonomic level is thus essential in improving our knowledge of humans' functional, practical and symbolic choices, as well as the human-animal interface during Prehistoric times. Nevertheless, palaeogenetics analyses have focused mainly on bone and teeth, with genetic studies of antler generally focused on modern deer conservation. Here we present the results of the first whole mitochondrial genome ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis by means of in-solution hybridisation capture of antlers from pre-Holocene archaeological contexts. We analysed a set of 50 Palaeolithic and Neolithic (c. 34-8ka) antler and osseous objects from South-Western Europe, Central Europe, South-Western Asia and the Caucasus. We successfully obtained aDNA, allowing us to identify the exploited taxa and demonstrate the archaeological relevance of those finds. Moreover, as most of the antlers were sampled using a minimally-invasive method, further analyses (morphometric, technical, genetic, radiometric and more) remain possible on these objects.
- Klíčová slova
- Ancient DNA, Antler, Hunting implements, Osseous tools, Upper palaeolithic,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
On circular bacterial chromosomes, the majority of genes are coded on the leading strand. This gene strand bias (GSB) ranges from up to 85% in some Bacillota to a little more than 50% in other phyla. The factors determining the extent of the strand bias remain to be found. Here, we report that species in the phylum Gemmatimonadota share a unique chromosome architecture, distinct from neighboring phyla: in a conserved 600-kb region around the terminus of replication, almost all genes were located on the leading strands, while on the remaining part of the chromosome, the strand preference was more balanced. The high strand bias (HSB) region harbors the rRNA clusters, core, and highly expressed genes. Selective pressure for reduction of collisions with DNA replication to minimize detrimental mutations can explain the conservation of essential genes in this region. Repetitive and mobile elements are underrepresented, suggesting reduced recombination frequency by structural isolation from other parts of the chromosome. We propose that the HSB region forms a distinct chromosomal domain. Gemmatimonadota chromosomes evolved mainly by expansion through horizontal gene transfer and duplications outside of the ancient high strand bias region. In support of our hypothesis, we could further identify two Spiroplasma strains on a similar evolutionary path.IMPORTANCEOn bacterial chromosomes, a preferred location of genes on the leading strand has evolved to reduce conflicts between replication and transcription. Despite a vast body of research, the question why bacteria show large differences in their gene strand bias is still not solved. The discovery of "hybrid" chromosomes in different phyla, including Gemmatimonadota, in which a conserved high strand bias is found exclusively in a region at ter, points toward a role of nucleoid structure, additional to replication, in the evolution of strand preferences. A fine-grained structural analysis of the ever-increasing number of available bacterial genomes could help to better understand the forces that shape the sequential and spatial organization of the cell's information content.
- Klíčová slova
- Gemmatimonadota, gene order, genome evolution, genome organization, strand bias,
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika klasifikace MeSH
- bakteriální chromozomy * genetika MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální MeSH
- replikace DNA * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
Treponematoses encompass a group of chronic and debilitating bacterial diseases transmitted sexually or by direct contact and attributed to Treponema pallidum. Despite being documented since as far back as 1963, the epidemiology of treponematoses in wild primates has remained an uninvestigated territory due to the inherent challenges associated with conducting examinations and obtaining invasive biological samples from wild animals. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the presence of treponemal infections in the critically endangered Western chimpanzees in Senegal, utilizing an innovative non-invasive stool serology method. We provide compelling evidence of the existence of anti-Treponema-specific antibodies in 13 out of 29 individual chimpanzees. Our study also underscores the significant potential of stool serology as a valuable non-invasive tool for monitoring and surveilling crucial emerging diseases in wild animals. We recognize two major implications: (1) the imperative need to assess the risks of treponematosis in Western chimpanzee populations and (2) the necessity to monitor and manage this disease following a holistic One Health approach.
- Klíčová slova
- Chimpanzees, Immunoglobulins, Serology, Stool, Treponema pallidum,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
During their long evolution, anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria have inhabited a wide variety of natural habitats and developed specific strategies to cope with the challenges of any particular environment. Expression, assembly, and safe operation of the photosynthetic apparatus must be regulated to prevent reactive oxygen species generation under illumination in the presence of oxygen. Here, we report on the photoheterotrophic Sediminicoccus sp. strain KRV36, which was isolated from a cold stream in north-western Iceland, 30 km south of the Arctic Circle. In contrast to most aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, which stop pigment synthesis when illuminated, strain KRV36 maintained its bacteriochlorophyll synthesis even under continuous light. Its cells also contained between 100 and 180 chromatophores, each accommodating photosynthetic complexes that exhibit an unusually large carotenoid absorption spectrum. The expression of photosynthesis genes in dark-adapted cells was transiently downregulated in the first 2 hours exposed to light but recovered to the initial level within 24 hours. An excess of membrane-bound carotenoids as well as high, constitutive expression of oxidative stress response genes provided the required potential for scavenging reactive oxygen species, safeguarding bacteriochlorophyll synthesis and photosystem assembly. The unique cellular architecture and an unusual gene expression pattern represent a specific adaptation that allows the maintenance of anoxygenic phototrophy under arctic conditions characterized by long summer days with relatively low irradiance.IMPORTANCEThe photoheterotrophic bacterium Sediminicoccus sp. KRV36 was isolated from a cold stream in Iceland. It expresses its photosynthesis genes, synthesizes bacteriochlorophyll, and assembles functional photosynthetic complexes under continuous light in the presence of oxygen. Unraveling the molecular basis of this ability, which is exceptional among aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic species, will help to understand the evolution of bacterial photosynthesis in response to changing environmental conditions. It might also open new possibilities for genetic engineering of biotechnologically relevant phototrophs, with the aim of increasing photosynthetic activity and their tolerance to reactive oxygen species.
- Klíčová slova
- AAP, Proteobacteria, Sediminicoccus, gene expression, light adaptation, photosynthesis,
- MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriochlorofyly * metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntetická reakční centra (proteinové komplexy) * genetika MeSH
- fotosyntéza genetika MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Island MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriochlorofyly * MeSH
- fotosyntetická reakční centra (proteinové komplexy) * MeSH
- kyslík MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. The results show that pigeon populations in Central Europe are parasitised by different species of Cryptosporidium and genotypes of microsporidia of the genera Enterocytozoon and Encephalitozoon. A total of 634 and 306 faecal samples of captive and feral pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) from 44 locations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland were analysed for the presence of parasites by microscopy and PCR/sequence analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA), 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of SSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of C. meleagridis, C. baileyi, C. parvum, C. andersoni, C. muris, C. galli and C. ornithophilus, E. hellem genotype 1A and 2B, E. cuniculi genotype I and II and E. bieneusi genotype Peru 6, CHN-F1, D, Peru 8, Type IV, ZY37, E, CHN4, SCF2 and WR4. Captive pigeons were significantly more frequently parasitised with screened parasite than feral pigeons. Cryptosporidium meleagridis IIIa and a new subtype IIIl have been described, the oocysts of which are not infectious to immunodeficient mice, whereas chickens are susceptible. This investigation demonstrates that pigeons can be hosts to numerous species, genotypes and subtypes of the studied parasites. Consequently, they represent a potential source of infection for both livestock and humans.
- Klíčová slova
- Birds, Experimental infection, Genotyping, PCR,
- MeSH
- Columbidae MeSH
- Cryptosporidium * genetika MeSH
- Encephalitozoon * genetika MeSH
- Enterocytozoon * genetika MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kryptosporidióza * epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosporidióza * epidemiologie veterinární parazitologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
The European tent caterpillar, Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is a worldwide known pest that causes significant losses by feeding on many woody and shrub-like plants during the larval period. In this study, a Beauveria bassiana strain isolated from M. neustria larvae and characterized according to its morphological and molecular properties. Its insecticidal activity was tested on M. neustria larvae. Sequence results of partial ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) gene region identified the isolate (named as Mn1) as a B. bassiana strain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Mn1 strain displays close similarity to B. bassiana ARSEF 1848 and ARSEF 751 isolates. According to the concentration-responce tests performed using 1 × 103 - 1 × 109 conidia per mL concentrations, LC50 value of the new strain was calculated as 1 × 105 conidia per mL within 7 days against the larvae of M. neustria in the laboratory conditions. B. bassiana Mn1 strain, characterized in this study, is recorded as the first entomopathogenic fungus isolated from M. neustria, and the results showed that new strain of B. bassiana has a serious potential to be utilized as a good biocontrol agent against M. neustria.
- Klíčová slova
- Beauveria bassiana, Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Malacosoma neustria,
- MeSH
- Beauveria * genetika MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- larva mikrobiologie MeSH
- Lepidoptera * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Three bacterial strains, XENO-2T, XENO-7T, and XENO-10T, isolated from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes, were found to represent novel Xenorhabdus species. In this study, we describe these new species by whole-genome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, by calculating sequence identity scores using core genome sequences, and by phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using ribosomal and house-keeping genes, and whole-genome and whole-proteome sequences show that XENO-2T and XENO-10T are closely related to Xenorhabdus japonica DSM 16522T and that XENO-7T is closely related to Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and to X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T. The dDDH values between XENO-2T and XENO-10T and between XENO-2T and X. japonica DSM 16522T are 56.4 and 51.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between XENO-10T and X. japonica DSM 16522T is 53.4%. The dDDH values between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T are 63.6 and 69.4%, respectively. These dDDH values are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. The newly described species are highly pathogenic to G. mellonella larvae, grow at pH between 5 and 9 (optimum 5-7), at salt concentrations of 1-3% (optimum 1-2%), and temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C). Biochemical tests such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, gelatinase, citrate utilization, indole and acetoin production, and cytochrome oxidase tests allow to differentiate the novel species from their more closely related species. Considering these genetic and phenotypic divergencies, we propose the following new species: Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov. with XENO-7T (= CCM 9233T = CCOS 2024T) as the type strain, Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., with XENO-2T (= CCM 9237T = CCOS 2023T) as the type strain, and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., with XENO-10T (= CCM 9322T = CCOS 2071T) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with insect parasitic nematodes.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- proteom genetika MeSH
- Rhabditida * genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- Xenorhabdus * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- proteom MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
