Subnormal levels of testosterone are frequently found in men of higher age category. Hypogonadal men have lower life expectancy than men with full androgenization and cardiovascular disease, obesity or diabetes is often associated with hypotestosteronemia. Low testosterone level is risk factor for these diseases. However, until now it is not clear whether testosterone deficiency is a cause or consequence of atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome. A handful of symptoms and metabolic risk markers in hypogonadal men can be ameliorated by testosterone supplementation. Testosterone treatment increased sexual activity and well-being and had a moderate benefit with respect to depressive symptoms but no significant benefit to vitality. Testosterone has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors, but there is not clear whether it reduces mortality.Key words: civilization diseases - late onset hypogonadism - morbidity - mortality - testosterone - testosterone supplementation.
- MeSH
- androgeny terapeutické užití MeSH
- deprese MeSH
- diabetes mellitus epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- hypogonadismus farmakoterapie epidemiologie metabolismus psychologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- testosteron nedostatek metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- androgeny MeSH
- testosteron MeSH
The human fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family contains 22 proteins that regulate a plethora of physiological processes in both developing and adult organism. The mutations in the FGF genes were not known to play role in human disease until the year 2000, when mutations in FGF23 were found to cause hypophosphatemic rickets. Nine years later, seven FGFs have been associated with human disorders. These include FGF3 in Michel aplasia; FGF8 in cleft lip/palate and in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; FGF9 in carcinoma; FGF10 in the lacrimal/salivary glands aplasia, and lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome; FGF14 in spinocerebellar ataxia; FGF20 in Parkinson disease; and FGF23 in tumoral calcinosis and hypophosphatemic rickets. The heterogeneity in the functional consequences of FGF mutations, the modes of inheritance, pattern of involved tissues/organs, and effects in different developmental stages provide fascinating insights into the physiology of the FGF signaling system. We review the current knowledge about the molecular pathology of the FGF family.
- MeSH
- fibroblastové růstové faktory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fibroblastový růstový faktor 23 MeSH
- hypogonadismus genetika metabolismus MeSH
- karcinom genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetné abnormality genetika MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- rozštěp rtu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Názvy látek
- FGF23 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- fibroblastové růstové faktory MeSH
- fibroblastový růstový faktor 23 MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- hyperkalcemie metabolismus MeSH
- hypogonadismus metabolismus MeSH
- hypokalcemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menopauza MeSH
- osteoporóza metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- paratyreoidea patofyziologie MeSH
- resorpce kosti MeSH
- revmatické nemoci metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasy metabolismus MeSH
- hypogonadismus metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasy MeSH
