Despite advances in microsurgical technique and experience in clinical microvascular surgery, there remains the possibility of vessel thrombosis. Factors that may contribute to vascular pedicle thrombosis include operative trauma, pedicle malposition, kinking, hypercoagulability and arterial vasoconstriction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous administration of nifedipine on the patency of the microvascular anastomosis of the femoral artery in rats. A total of 60 rats were used and divided into three groups. The first group (A) was used as a control group with no medical agent, the second group (B) was medicated with heparin, and the third group (C) was medicated with nifedipine. Patency was assessed with the distal empty refill test, one hour (1) and forty-eight hours (48) after completion of the anastomosis. The nifedipine and heparin treated groups (B & C) did not show higher patency rate compared to the control group (A). There was no statistically significant difference of patency percent after 1 hour and 48 hours among the three groups (p = 0.231/p = 0.480). Intravenous administration of nifedipine does not improve the patency of microvascular anastomosis. Surgical technique remains the most important factor for successful microvascular anastomosis.

• MeSH
• anastomóza chirurgická MeSH
• arteria femoralis účinky léků   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• intravenózní infuze MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mikrochirurgie * MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• průchodnost cév účinky léků   MeSH
• vazodilatancia aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nifedipin MeSH
• vazodilatancia MeSH

AIM: The relationship between increased sympathetic tone and enhanced activity of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied using in vivo and in vitro approaches. METHODS: The effects of acute L-VDCC blockade on sympathetic vasoconstriction or blood pressure (BP) and the contribution of calcium influx to norepinephrine (NE)-induced arterial contraction were investigated in 10-week-old SHR and in age-matched SHR made normotensive by chronic captopril treatment from weaning. RESULTS: Blood pressure fall occurring after acute ganglionic or L-VDCC blockade was enhanced in SHR. Ganglionic blockade eliminated strain differences in BP response to acute L-VDCC blockade and vice versa, suggesting that enhanced contribution of L-VDCC is responsible for augmented sympathetic vasoconstriction in SHR. Both phasic (dependent on internal calcium stores) and tonic (dependent on calcium influx) contractions to NE were augmented in SHR femoral arteries in vitro. Nifedipine attenuated only tonic contractions but to a larger extent in SHR than in WKY arteries. Nifedipine effect was greater after endothelium removal, which augmented tonic but not phasic contractions after NE. Chronic captopril treatment of SHR prevented hypertension development by suppression of their sympathetic vasoconstriction including its nifedipine-sensitive component, but failed to influence enhanced NE-induced arterial contractions or increased relaxation to nifedipine in vitro. CONCLUSION: The contribution of nifedipine-sensitive component to noradrenergic vasoconstriction is enhanced during excessive NE stimulation (increased sympathetic tone of SHR in vivo or supramaximal NE stimulation in vitro). It seems that captopril-induced reduction of central sympathetic tone is able to normalize augmented nifedipine-sensitive vasoconstriction in SHR.

• MeSH
• adrenalin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• agonisté adrenergních receptorů aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antihypertenziva aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu účinky léků   MeSH
• hypertenze metabolismus   MeSH
• kaptopril aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• vápníkové kanály - typ L metabolismus   MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adrenalin MeSH
• agonisté adrenergních receptorů MeSH
• antihypertenziva MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů MeSH
• kaptopril MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH
• vápník MeSH
• vápníkové kanály - typ L MeSH

Calcium antagonists have been shown to influence some endocrinological processes in mammals. The use of calcium channel blockers in clinical practice is well documented. The current study monitored nocturnal melatonin, prolactin, and cortisol levels in 19 healthy volunteers before and after administration of calcium channel blockers. The effect of nifedipine was tested in 9 subjects, while diltiazem was administered in 10 men. The nocturnal profile of the given parameters was studied between 23:00 and 05:00 h. At midnight (zero time), the participants were given placebo, nifedipine (in a sublingual dose of 20 mg) or diltiazem (in a single dose of 90 mg). The hypothesis that calcium channel blockers decrease nocturnal melatonin secretion has not been confirmed. The mean nocturnal levels of melatonin between 01:00 and 05:00 h were: 78.1+/-8.8 (control study) vs. 82.4+/-10.2 ng/l (nifedipine study) and 73.0+/-5.3 ng/l (control study) vs. 75.1+/-5.1 ng/l (diltiazem study). In conclusion, the calcium channel blockers used in this study do not alter the nocturnal melatonin secretory process in healthy men.

• MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus účinky léků   MeSH
• diltiazem aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hydrokortison krev   MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melatonin krev   MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• prolaktin krev   MeSH
• tma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• blokátory kalciových kanálů MeSH
• diltiazem MeSH
• hydrokortison MeSH
• melatonin MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH
• prolaktin MeSH

Intravenous verapamil infusion reduced the arterial pressure (AP) in 13 out of 71 (76.5%) patients with severe arterial hypertension (AH) refractory to a two-week, three-step oral antihypertensive medication. Investigations including echo- and radio-cardiography were performed: in the control period before starting the three-step treatment; after two weeks before intravenous verapamil infusions; 10 days after stopping the verapamil administration, and before leaving the hospital during continued 3-4 weeks three-step therapy. The AP reduction was caused by decreased total peripheral resistance. Verapamil administration improved also intracardiac haemodynamics and left ventricular contraction. The AP was effectively controlled even after stopping the verapamil administration and continuing the three-step oral antihypertensive treatment. No manifest changes in the left ventricular function were registered.

• MeSH
• antihypertenziva aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• clonidin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• echokardiografie účinky léků   MeSH
• funkce levé komory srdeční účinky léků   MeSH
• hemodynamika účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrochlorthiazid aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hypertenze diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• intravenózní infuze MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methyldopa aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• renální hypertenze diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• verapamil aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antihypertenziva MeSH
• clonidin MeSH
• hydrochlorthiazid MeSH
• methyldopa MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH
• verapamil MeSH

The authors describe the case of a 57-year-old male patient with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction of left ventricle--37%, left ventricular end diastolic pressure 32 mm Hg) as a result of an extensive anterior Q infarction of the heart muscle. The patient did not have signs of congestive heart failure. He was treated on account of angina pectoris on exertion, grade III according to NYHA, hypertension and diabetes. Nifedipine and diltiazem administration led to repeated attacks of cardiac asthma. Calcium channel blockers should be administered to patients with angina pectoris and severe left ventricular dysfunction only when nitrates alone do not eliminate ischaemia and pain. They should be administered carefully and with the knowledge that they may in rare instances cause clinical deterioration of left ventricular function.

• MeSH
• diltiazem aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• paroxysmální dyspnoe chemicky indukované   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diltiazem MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH

Subcostal pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography of the right ventricular outflow tract was used to assess pulmonary arterial flow at basal conditions and during interventions in 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The changes in the pulmonary flow induced by interventions ranged from -1.5 l/min to +4.18 l/min (73% to 183% of the basal value). When considered alone, heart rate changes induced by the interventions could explain 53% of the changes in pulmonary flow measured with thermodilution. When Doppler-assessed right ventricular stroke volume changes were also considered the coefficient of determination (R) increased to 77% (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001, SEE = 12%). Doppler echocardiography was less precise in predicting absolute basal values of pulmonary artery flow (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001, SEE = 1.00 l/min), probably indicating inaccurate assessment of the diameter of the right ventricular outflow tract.

• MeSH
• aplikace sublinguální MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis patofyziologie   MeSH
• dopplerovská echokardiografie metody   MeSH
• hemodynamika fyziologie   MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• obstrukční plicní nemoci patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý krev   MeSH
• oxygenoterapie MeSH
• rychlost toku krve fyziologie   MeSH
• termodiluce metody   MeSH
• usilovný výdechový objem fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyslík MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH
• oxid uhličitý MeSH

In a double blind crossed ten-week study with a randomized beginning the authors compared in 25 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris (II-III according to NYHA classification) and with normal blood pressure the effect of placebo, nifedipine, diltiazem and in 16 of the patients (who completed treatment with the combined drugs) also a combination of nifedipine and diltiazem. Nifedipine, 60 mg per day, and diltiazem, 270 mg per day, improved significantly the total amount of performed work as compared with placebo, they delayed significantly the onset of stenocardias and reduced the ST depression in lead V5 during ergometry, they reduced significantly the rate of stenocardias per day as well as the nitroglycerin consumption. Diltiazem, as compared with nifedipine, increased significantly the total volume of performed work and delayed the development of stenocardias during ergometry, the symptomatic improvement of the patients being similar. A combination of 30 mg nifedipine per day with 180 mg diltiazem per day did not lead to improvement, as compared with a higher dose of diltiazem alone, as compared with a higher dose of diltiazem alone. A combination of 60 mg nifedipine per day with 270 mg diltiazem per day did not improve the exercise tolerance, as compared with diltiazem alone, however, it reduced significantly the rate of stenocardias. However, the combination of the latter amounts was tolerated without side-effects only by 13% of the patients (2 of 15 patients), 53% (8 of 15 patients) terminated treatment prematurely because of several side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• angina pectoris farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• diltiazem aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hemodynamika účinky léků   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diltiazem MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH

The antianginal and anti-ischemic effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 120 mg once daily, and nifedipine, 20 mg twice daily, both in slow-release formulations, were compared in 17 patients with variant angina pectoris in a randomized, double-blind trial. The design included a placebo run-in period and two 6-week crossover periods of active treatment. Mean frequency of angina decreased significantly from 43 attacks per week during the placebo period to 4 per week with ISDN and 8 with nifedipine (p less than 0.001). Sublingual nitroglycerin consumption decreased significantly from 37 tablets per week with placebo to 3 tablets per week with ISDN and 7 with nifedipine (p less than 0.001). Both drugs reduced the silent and symptomatic ST-segment deviations on ambulatory electrocardiographic recording and increased maximal exercise tolerance. Episodes of coronary spasm could be provoked, by hyperventilation, in all patients during the placebo phase but in no patient during therapy with either active drug. Thus, both ISDN and nifedipine, in their slow-release formulations, are effective in the treatment of variant angina pectoris.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• isosorbiddinitrát aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• variantní angina pectoris farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• isosorbiddinitrát MeSH
• léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
• nifedipin MeSH

The case of a 55-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hypertension is described who developed 2 hours after sublingual administration of a 10 mg capsule of nifedipine a severe rise in pulmonary arterial and right atrial pressures accompanied with dyspnoea and cyanosis. The event lasted for two hours and subsided without intervention. With repeated nifedipine intake in the form of orally administered slow-release tablets no complications occurred. The authors ascribe the marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance to rapid reduction of plasma nifedipine concentration after sublingual administration, due to a faster drug resorption compared to oral intake. The necessity of cautious introduction of vasodilating drugs in pulmonary hypertension and of gradual dosage increase is stressed.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• aplikace sublinguální MeSH
• cévní rezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• plicní oběh účinky léků   MeSH
• plicní tlak v zaklínění účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nifedipin MeSH

The calcium entry blocker nifedipine produces systemic vasodilation and decreases the elevated vascular resistance in hypertensive patients. The authors investigated the acute antihypertensive effect of sublingually administered nifedipine in two different formulas: Adalat capsules and Corinfar dragées. There was no significant difference between both these formulas regarding their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and their side effects were also similar. The authors conclude that the acute antihypertensive effect of nifedipine, either in capsules or in dragées, is equipotent in essential hypertension.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze farmakoterapie   MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nifedipin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční frekvence účinky léků   MeSH
• tobolky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nifedipin MeSH
• tobolky MeSH