Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of a pregnancy. While the kinetics of the number of peripheral blood Tregs has been satisfactorily described in mouse models, analysis of these cell populations in human pregnancy is complicated by high variability in the quantity of Tregs and inconsistencies in the markers used for detecting different types of Treg. In the light of this, we set out to investigate the kinetics of various types of Treg, including CD45RA, GARP and PD-1(+) Tregs, in the peripheral blood of pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester, and at the time of delivery. Tregs, defined as a CD4(+)CD25(++)CD127(dim)Foxp3(+) population of leucocytes, were detected using flow cytometry. Natural thymus-derived Tregs and induced Tregs in the peripheral blood were distinguished by the expression or absence of a Helios marker, respectively. Our results showed that during normal pregnancy the sizes of various Treg subpopulations varied across women and also in an individual woman did not remain constant but varied significantly, most notable being the decrease observed at the time of delivery. Helios(-) cells were significantly less frequent in the peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women than Helios(+) cells, and the majority of Tregs were Helios(+)PD-1(+) Tregs.

• Klíčová slova
• CD45RA, GARP, Helios, PD-1, Treg, normal pregnancy,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie   MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• thymus imunologie   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta krev   MeSH
• transkripční faktor Ikaros metabolismus   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• forkhead transkripční faktory MeSH
• FOXP3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• IKZF2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• transformující růstový faktor beta MeSH
• transkripční faktor Ikaros MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of our retrospective study was to clarify fertility, pregnancy complications and outcomes in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) females. METHODS: Retrospective data were obtained from three Czech referral centres. The data were compared with data obtained from the Czech National Registry of Reproduction Health. RESULTS: Our cohort of patients comprised 54 women with 115 pregnancies; 88 pregnancies in 50 females were finished with live births (77 %). In only 8 women (15%) was the diagnosis of CVID established before the first pregnancy. Replacement immunoglobulin therapy was performed in 10 patients without any moderate or severe adverse effects. Compared with the Czech population, the CVID patients suffered significantly more frequently from the threat of preterm labour (p < 0.0001), vaginal bleeding (p = 0.0001), eclampsia/preeclampsia (p = 0.009) and a higher number of stillbirths (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the frequency of babies with low birth weight (less than 2500 g) born to the CVID patients was increased compared with the normal population (p < 0.0001). Serum IgG, IgA and IgM determination was done in 57 children of 50 mothers showing 13 cases of IgA deficiency (23%). There was no significant difference among the non-symptomatic, symptomatic untreated and symptomatic treated females in any of the determined gynaecological complications. The number of unsuccessful pregnancies was higher in the symptomatic untreated women. CONCLUSIONS: Fertility in CVID patients is not decreased, and their pregnancies could be considered more risky compared with those of the general population.

• Klíčová slova
• CVID, fertility, pregnancy, replacement therapy,
• MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience komplikace   imunologie   MeSH
• děložní krvácení etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin A genetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost etiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin A MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To optimize thrombocyte antibodies examination in pregnant and postpartum women. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Blood Center, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty Ostrava University, Ostrava. METHODS: Analysis and our experience with introducing the new test for thrombocyte antibodies examination. CONCLUSION: The thrombocyte antibodies examination that was introduce in the period 2008-2009 and is the combination of basic and special testing, seems to be optimal for the neonatal thrombocytopenia detection.

• MeSH
• antigeny trombocytů imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   MeSH
• HLA antigeny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecká aloimunitní trombocytopenie diagnóza   MeSH
• poporodní období imunologie   MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny trombocytů MeSH
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• HLA antigeny MeSH

PROBLEM: To analyze the relation of the fertility and pregnancy of women of childbearing age to the intracellular (IC) production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukins 2 and 4 (IL-2 and IL-4). METHOD OF STUDY: Intracellular cytokine production in peripheral blood CD3(+) CD4(+) lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry in 185 women being treated for infertility and 50 fertile women of childbearing age. RESULTS: Infertile women have a significantly higher IC production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 and higher ratios of TNF-α/IL-2, TNF-α/IL-4, and TNF-α/IFN-γ compared to the fertile women. CONCLUSION: Cytokines produced by Th lymphocytes are important in orchestrating the immune response during conception, and Th-cell dysregulation could be a reason for infertility.

• MeSH
• cytokiny biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilita imunologie   MeSH
• interferon gama biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• interleukin-2 biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• interleukin-4 biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• T-lymfocyty pomocné-indukující imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• ženská infertilita imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• interleukin-2 MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

The boy-to-girl ratio at birth (secondary sex ratio) is around 0.51 in most populations. The sex ratio varies between societies and may be influenced by many factors, such as stress and immunosuppression, age, primiparity, the sex of the preceding siblings and the socioeconomic status of the parents. As parasite infection affects many immunological and physiological parameters of the host, we analyzed the effect of latent toxoplasmosis on sex ratios in humans. Clinical records of 1,803 infants born from 1996 to 2004 contained information regarding the mother's age, concentration of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, previous deliveries and abortions and the sex of the newborn. The results of our retrospective cohort study suggest that the presence of one of the most common parasites (with a worldwide prevalence from 20 to 80%), Toxoplasma gondii, can influence the secondary sex ratio in humans. Depending on the antibody concentration, the probability of the birth of a boy can increase up to a value of 0.72, C.I.95 = (0.636, 0.805), which means that for every 260 boys born, 100 girls are born to women with the highest concentration of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. The toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression or immunomodulation might be responsible for the enhanced survival of male embryos. In light of the high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in most countries, the impact of toxoplasmosis on the human population might be considerable.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poměr pohlaví * MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• Toxoplasma MeSH
• toxoplazmóza komplikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky protozoální MeSH

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) formed in vivo induce a humoral immune response. Oxidative modification of LDL renders it immunogenic and a heterogeneous population of specific anti-oxLDL antibodies is produced. These antibodies could represent a biological marker of oxidative stress and serve as markers of atherosclerosis. Autoantibodies against oxLDL (oLAb) have been detected in human subjects practically of every age. oLAb also appear in the blood of pregnant women. Some studies have shown that the levels of antibodies to oxLDL were elevated in women with established preeclampsia. The present study was aimed to estimate the oLAb IgG levels in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, we estimated the correlation between maternal serum (MS) levels of oLAb and alpha-1-fetoprotein (MS AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (MS HCG) and trophoblast-specific-beta-1-glycoprotein (MS SP1), because these proteins are determined as a part of prenatal biochemical screening for fetal congenital abnormalities. Our study deals with the oLAb changes in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension. We also investigated the correlation between oLAb IgG and anticardiolipin antibodies IgG (ACA) in the serum of pregnant women. We examined 40 pregnant women attending Institute for Mother and Child Care for their antenatal care as outpatients. Routine blood samplings between the 9-13th week of pregnancy and 16-18th week of pregnancy were performed as a part of biochemical prenatal screening for fetal congenital abnormalities (Group 1). Their mean age was 27 +/- 4.1 years. Furthermore, we examined 26 women in the second or third trimester with pregnancy-induced hypertension (Group 2). Group 2 was compared with 49 pregnant women in the second or third trimester who were normotensive (Group 3). We used commercial standardized ELISA kits for determination of oLAb IgG, ACA IgG, MS AFP and MS HCG, MS SP1 was analyzed by single radial immunodiffusion. We did not find any differences in the levels of oLAb IgG in the first and second trimester in the women of Group 1. The correlation between oLAb and ACA IgG was not statistically significant (Spearman coefficient r=0.22, p=0.1). The correlation between oLAb IgG with MS AFP, MS HCG and MS SP1 was not statistically significant. Weak negative correlation for AFP and HCG was suggested both in the first and in the second trimester. The levels of oLAb IgG in the group of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were significantly lower than in the group of normotensive women (348 +/- 388 U/ml v.s. 579 +/- 400 mU/ml, p<0.01). We can conclude that the levels of oLAb do not differ in the first and second trimester of gravidity. However, we cannot exclude the possible influence of an inverse relationship between oLAb IgG titers and the synthesis of fetoplacental antigens. This finding is important especially in the context of the results of prenatal biochemical screening. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with lower levels of oLAb. Weak cross-reactivity between oLAb and anticardiolipin antibodies may exist but there is a possibility that there are two different populations of antibodies reacting with various antigens.

• MeSH
• autoprotilátky analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhý trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• hypertenze imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G analýza   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL imunologie   MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• autoprotilátky MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL MeSH
• oxidized low density lipoprotein MeSH Prohlížeč

The prevalence of IgG antibody specific to the rubella virus was assessed in 207 consenting pregnant women. The women were in the age range of 14 to 40 years (mean 25.8 years) and parity range of 0 to 8 (mean para 4), in their first and second trimesters of pregnancy. All attended the antenatal clinic of a tertiary health facility (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital) in northeastern Nigeria. Of the 207 serum samples tested, 112 (54.1%) were positive for rubella IgG antibody. In this area therefore, the proportion of susceptible pregnant women to rubella virus is up to 46%. The results from this study also indicated that with increased maternal age the percentage of immune women increased significantly (P = 0.04382) from 23.8% in the 14 to 19 years age group to 74.4% in the age group of 30 to 40 years. There was again a gradual increase in rubella seroprevalence from 43% amongst primigravidae to 59% and 78% in multiparous and grandmultiparous women respectively. The pregnancy outcome was normal in 27% of the women studied, with miscarriage occurring in 24.6% and 24.2% each had a premature delivery and stillbirth. There were 30 (58.8%) miscarriages, 27 (54%) premature deliveries and 30 (60%) stillbirths, with no clinically detectable malformations in 25 (44.6%) of all the deliveries from the immune women. There is therefore, an increase in the number of rubella immune women with each of the pregnancy outcomes compared to the non-iminune ones. Hence, the need to protect children of these susceptible women from contracting congenital rubella and its sequelae by including routine rubella vaccination of all women of childbearing age in the current programme on immunization.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• těhotenství mladistvých MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• vakcína proti zarděnkám aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• virus zarděnek imunologie   MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství MeSH
• zarděnky epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nigérie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• vakcína proti zarděnkám MeSH

OBJECTIVE: In this paper the relation between progesterone levels and embryotoxic effect of serum complement was studied. DESIGN: The aim of this study was to validate hypothesis that progesterone is strong inhibitor of complement embryotoxic action. SETTING: We used chick embryo like an experimental model for evidence of our hypothesis. We treated chick embryos by sera acquired from healthy pregnant woman with physiologically elevated levels of progesterone and normal complement activity. We investigated embryotoxicity of these sera. RESULT: We noticed a significant decrease of sera embryotoxicity inversely related to serum levels of progesterone. The main finding: The embryotoxicity of sera is reversally dependent on progesterone level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings bring a new knowledge to the role of progesterone and complement system mainly in initial stages of pregnancy and in some cases of spontaneous abortions.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• embryo savčí abnormality   metabolismus   MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• komplement metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maternofetální výměna látek MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• progesteron krev   MeSH
• těhotenství krev   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• těhotenství krev   imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• komplement MeSH
• progesteron MeSH

BACKGROUND: The study is a part of the project Pregnancy Outcome (Teplice Program) examining effects of polluted environment on the quality of reproduction in Teplice (high polluted) and Prachatice (control) districts. Selected parameters of cell mediated and humoral immunity in maternal and umbilical samples after delivery were assayed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lymphocytes in 768 samples of maternal venous blood and 739 samples of umbilical blood collected in May 1994-October 1997 were phenotyped using flow cytometry. Medical and personal questionnaires were used to obtain data on clinical risk factors during pregnancy, health and life style of mothers, the course and prolongation of labour and newborn's status. The percentages of T and NK lymphocytes in both umbilical and maternal blood were associated with a number of variables, including the course of labour. After adjustment for the other predictors, the percentage of NK lymphocytes was found significantly higher in Teplice than in Prachatice samples--in both maternal and umbilical blood. CONCLUSIONS: A part of the observed difference between distribution of NK and T lymphocytes can be attributed to living in the polluted district. To see effects of polluted environment, the association of seasonal difference in levels of major pollutants with seasonal changes in lymphocyte phenotype will be analyzed.

• MeSH
• buňky NK MeSH
• fetální krev imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podskupiny lymfocytů * MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství imunologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH