The family Fabaceae traditionally serves as a food and herbal remedies source. Certain plants serve for treatment of menopausal symptoms based on a presence of typical secondary metabolites, isoflavones. Beside soybean and clovers, other plants or cultures in vitro can produce these molecules. A cultivation in vitro can be enhanced by elicitation that stimulates metabolites biosynthesis via stress reaction. Vanadium compounds have been already described as potential elicitors, and the aim of this study was to determine the impact of NH₄VO₃ and VOSO₄ solutions on isoflavones production in Genista tinctoria L. cell cultures. The significant increase of isoflavones content, such as genistin, genistein, or formononetin, was measured in a nutrient medium or dry mass after NH₄VO₃ treatment for 24 or 48 h. The possible transport mechanism of isoflavones release as a result of elicitation was further evaluated. An incubation with different transport inhibitors prior to elicitation took effect on isoflavones content in the medium. However, there was a non-ended result for particular metabolites such as genistein and daidzein, where ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or, alternatively, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins can participate. Possible elicitation by some inhibitors was discussed as a result of their pleiotropic effect. Despite this outcome, the determination of the transport mechanism is an important step for identification of the specific transporter.

• Klíčová slova
• Dyer’s Greenweed, elicitation, heavy metals, plasma membrane transport,
• MeSH
• buněčné kultury metody   MeSH
• Genista chemie   cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• isoflavony chemie   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• sloučeniny vanadu farmakologie   MeSH
• vanadáty farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ammonium metavanadate MeSH Prohlížeč
• isoflavony MeSH
• sloučeniny vanadu MeSH
• vanadáty MeSH
• vanadyl sulfate MeSH Prohlížeč

The plant root system is essential for providing anchorage to the soil, supplying minerals and water, and synthesizing metabolites. It is a dynamic organ modulated by external cues such as environmental signals, water and nutrients availability, salinity and others. Lateral roots (LRs) are initiated from the primary root post-embryonically, after which they progress through discrete developmental stages which can be independently controlled, providing a high level of plasticity during root system formation. Within this review, main contributions are presented, from the classical forward genetic screens to the more recent high-throughput approaches, combined with computer model predictions, dissecting how LRs and thereby root system architecture is established and developed.

• Klíčová slova
• genetic screening, genomics studies, lateral root, root system, systems approach, transcript profiling,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

There have been few examples of the application of our growing knowledge of hormone action to crop improvement. In this review we discuss what is known about the critical points regulating auxin action. We examine auxin metabolism, transport, perception and signalling and identify genes and proteins that might be keys to regulation, particularly the rate-limiting steps in various pathways. Certain mutants show that substrate flow in biosynthesis can be limiting. To date there is little information available on the genes and proteins of catabolism. There have been several auxin transport proteins and some elegant transport physiology described recently, and the potential for using transport proteins to manage free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations is discussed. Free IAA is very mobile, and so while it may be more practical to control auxin action through managing the receptor and signalling pathways, the candidate genes and proteins through which this can be done remain largely unknown. From the available evidence, it is clear that the reason for so few commercial applications arising from the control of auxin action is that knowledge is still limited.

• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH