The influence of subinhibitory concentrations of six established and 19 newly synthesized antifungal compounds on the dimorphic transition of three C. albicans strains was evaluated in the filamentation-inducing medium. Amphotericin B was found to produce almost complete inhibition in the germination at a concentration of 1/10 of the corresponding MIC and partial inhibition at a concentration as low as MIC/50. Flucytosine and four azole derivatives were proven ineffective. From the newly synthesized drugs, the incrustoporin derivative LNO6-22, two phenylguanidine derivatives (PG15, PG45), and four thiosalicylanilide derivatives, in particular, showed results comparable to those of amphotericin B, with a high inhibition of germ tube formation at concentrations of MIC/10. In general, concentrations of MIC/50 had no visible effect.

• MeSH
• amfotericin B farmakologie   MeSH
• antifungální látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Candida albicans účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• gama-butyrolakton analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• guanidiny chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   normy   MeSH
• morfogeneze účinky léků   MeSH
• salicylany chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amfotericin B MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH
• gama-butyrolakton MeSH
• guanidiny MeSH
• incrustoporin MeSH Prohlížeč
• phenylguanidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• salicylany MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
• thiosalicylic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Preventive vaccination by a hsp90-expressing DNA vaccine and recombinant hsp90 protein vaccine, both derived from the Candida albicans hsp90 using BALB-c mouse model of systemic candidiasis, was performed. Hsp90 mRNA was cloned from a clinical isolate of C. albicans, converted to cDNA and cloned into vaccination plasmid pVAX1. Two methods of DNA application were tested: intramuscular (i.m.) and intradermal (i.d.) injection. Recombinant protein was applied by i.d. injection with Freund's adjuvant; the control groups received PBS or Freund's adjuvant only. Mice were vaccinated and after 19 d re-vaccinated. After 3 weeks, the mice were challenged with the live C. albicans in a dose of 5 x 10(6) CFU per mouse. After the challenge, the mice vaccinated i.d. with DNA vaccine survived for 39 and 64% longer compared to those receiving Freund's adjuvant and/or PBS, respectively. The i.m. application of the DNA vaccine did not provide any significant protectivity. The serum level of anti-candida-hsp90 serum IgG antibodies correlated with the survival rate in both i.d. protein and DNA vaccination approaches. We stressed the importance of specific humoral immunity in the mouse model of systemic candidiasis.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• Candida albicans imunologie   MeSH
• DNA vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• Freundovo adjuvans MeSH
• fungální vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• injekce intradermální MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• kandidóza prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 aplikace a dávkování   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky fungální krev   MeSH
• subjednotkové vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA vakcíny MeSH
• Freundovo adjuvans MeSH
• fungální vakcíny MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP90 MeSH
• protilátky fungální MeSH
• subjednotkové vakcíny MeSH
• syntetické vakcíny MeSH

Patients in various clinical states of diabetes mellitus (according to the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association) as a primary diagnosis were examined for fungal infections by Candida species. Candida spp. were detected in urine, in the material taken from the mouth cavity, nails, skin lesions, ears and eyes, by cultivation on the Sabouraud agar, CHROMagar Candida, and by saccharide assimilation. In the group of diabetics with symptoms of oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis C. albicans was identified in 8 cases, C. tropicalis in 3, C. parapsilosis in 2; 1 strain of C. guilliermondii was also isolated. In patients with urinary tract infections the presence of C. albicans was shown in 12 cases; C. parapsilosis was detected in 6 cases and two strains of each C. tropicalis and C. krusei were also isolated. In patients with leg ulcers C. albicans (25 cases), C. parapsilosis (5), C. tropicalis (3) and one strain of each C. krusei and C. robusta were isolated. Otomycosis was associated with one strain of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii. C. albicans was most frequently associated with onychomycosis, paronychia and endophthalmitis; C. parapsilosis was the second most rated yeast.

• MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus MeSH
• kandidóza kožní komplikace   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kandidóza komplikace   diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orální kandidóza komplikace   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Production of secreted aspartate proteinases was determined in a set of 646 isolates of Candida and non-Candida yeast species collected from 465 patients of the University Hospital in Olomouc (Czechia) in the period 1995-2002, and Candida samples obtained from 64 healthy volunteers using solid media developed for this purpose. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD) 79 Candida isolates from blood were analyzed to show potential relationships between clustering of the fingerprints and extracellular proteolytic activity of these strains. C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis possess always proteolytic activity while non-Candida species did not display any proteolysis. A tight relationship between fingerprints and extracellular proteolysis in the Candida isolates was not shown. A remarkable consistency between fingerprint clusters and proteolysis occurred in a subset of C. parapsilosis samples. Suboptimal pH of the growth medium was shown to facilitate the investigation of potential co-incidence of genotypic and phenotypic traits.

• MeSH
• aspartátové endopeptidasy fyziologie   MeSH
• Candida enzymologie   patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence fyziologie   MeSH
• fungální proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aspartátové endopeptidasy MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• fungální proteiny MeSH

A total of 43 patients, 11 males and 32 females, with paronychia of the fingernails were examined for the presence of Candida spp. The yeast species isolated were identified using standard laboratory methods, including germ-tube production, morphology on rice agar with Tween 80, and mainly fermentation and assimilation of saccharides. In the male group, two Candida species were detected: C. albicans as the dominant species in 9 patients and C. parapsilosis in 2 cases. Similarly, C. albicans was the prevalent species also in females (n = 17); other Candida species detected were C. parapsilosis (n = 7), C. tropicalis (5) and C. krusei (3). In addition to the genus Candida, the following anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms were isolated from patients of both groups: Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Staphylococcus aureus, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• kandidóza etiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• mykologie metody   MeSH
• nehty mikrobiologie   MeSH
• paronychie etiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mycological analysis of swabs and scraping samples from the external ear canals of 40 patients with clinically diagnosed otomycosis (10 neonates, 30 adults) revealed the presence of fungi as etiological agents. They were investigated microscopically using 20 % potassium hydroxide, and by cultivation on Sabouraud's glucose agar. The Candida species were identified using the germ-tube test, micromorphology observations of colonies on rice agar, and particularly by the commercial kit AUXAcolor. The following Candida species were identified in the aural material examined: C. albicans (n = 21; 52.5 %), C. parapsilosis (11; 27.5), C. tropicalis (3; 7.5), C. krusei (3; 7.5), C. guilliermondii (2; 5.0). The above yeasts were present in samples together with Staphylococcus epidermidis (31), S. aureus (16), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (14), Neisseria spp. (14), Proteus mirabilis (3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), Escherichia coli (1) and Haemophilus influenzae (1). The most frequent predisposing factors for otomycosis were swimming in public pools and/or bath, spa and diabetes mellitus.

• MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• kandidóza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• otitis externa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

A wild-type strain of Candida albicans (S1, ATCC 10261) was used to obtain stable auxotrophic colony morphological mutants (mutant M5 producing only true hyphae and mutant M2 containing 90 % blastospores and 10 % pseudohyphae) by induced mutagenesis. A hybrid was produced by somatic hybridization between these 2 mutants. Out of the isolated 10 clones, 2 stable hybrid clones were chosen and characterized: clone VI. 1M produced rough colonies containing a new, extended cell type (never observed in natural isolates), exhibited unipolar budding, did not form a germ tube, and possessed 12 chromosomal bands. All other features (antifungal and stress sensitivity, adhesion ability, pathogenicity, and isoenzyme and RAPD patterns) were similar to those of mycelial mutant M5. In contrast, the characteristics of clone VI.9S were similar to those of morphological mutant M2.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• geny hub MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• izoenzymy genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• izoenzymy MeSH

In a group of 71 patients and 22 donors the danger of infection transmission by infusion of cryopreserved peripheral blood progenitor cells to the patient and/or cross contamination of stored grafts was evaluated. No laboratory signs of active infection were found in 15 donors (13 related, 2 unrelated; 68%) and in 55 patients (77%). Active infection by herpesviruses was the most common (in 13 patients and 7 donors), hepatitis B being found in only one case. The cytomegalovirus IgG test was the most common marker of previous infection; it was found in 14 donors and 55 patients. The rate of clinically unsuspected infections in donors and patients including cases requiring immediate treatment among the patients group is relatively high and fully justifies the practice of prophylactic serological testing in the whole range of tests according to the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group and International Society for Hematotherapy and Graft Engineering in both autologous and allogeneic transplantations of hematopoietic stem cells.

• MeSH
• autologní transplantace MeSH
• bezpečnost normy   MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• infekce přenos   MeSH
• kryoprezervace metody   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sérologické testy normy   MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk škodlivé účinky   metody   normy   MeSH
• transplantace kostní dřeně škodlivé účinky   metody   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The effects of the alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+ and K+) on the growth and on certain virulence factors (adhesion, cell-surface hydrophobicity and germinating ability) of Candida albicans were determined. High concentrations of these ions displayed an inhibitory effect on the growth of the Candida cells; preincubation in their presence showed a negative effect on all virulence factors studied. The changes induced during the preincubation remained there even when high concentration of the ions was removed from the cell suspension. In contrast, a considerable growth was found at high Na+ and K+ concentrations. Although alkali metal ions significantly decreased certain virulence traits of the fungus they did not totally inhibit adhesion and germ-tube formation. This suggests that C. albicans may represent a health hazard even at a high salt concentration.

• MeSH
• alkalické kovy farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• Candida albicans účinky léků   růst a vývoj   patogenita   MeSH
• draslík farmakologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• lithium farmakologie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• sodík farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkalické kovy MeSH
• draslík MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• lithium MeSH
• sodík MeSH

The collection wild-type strain of Candida albicans was used to obtain auxotrophic and colony-morphology mutants by 'nitrosoguanidine' treatment. Intraspecific protoplast fusion induced by Ca(2+)-poly(ethyleneglycol) was carried out in various pairings between the auxotrophic strain producing smooth colonies and containing blastospores and the colony-morphology mutants containing a mixture of blastospores and pseudohyphae or only hyphae. Hybrids exhibiting full or partial complementation were obtained when mutants producing smooth colonies and colony-morphology variants of different origins were fused. The mutation responsible for the colony-morphology character (if various types of colony morphomutants were crossed) proved to be recessive or semidominant. Representative hybrids exhibited elevated DNA contents as measured by flow cytometry. To illustrate various cell types, and especially the intermediate one (never observed in natural isolates), a preparation method was further developed for scanning electron microscopic studies.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• křížení genetické MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin farmakologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly farmakologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• testy genetické komplementace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH