Wild small mammals are the most common reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause zoonotic diseases. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis in wild small mammals from the Czech Republic. In total, sera or heart rinses of 211 wild small mammals (168 Apodemus flavicollis, 28 Myodes glareolus, 9 A. sylvaticus, and 6 Sorex araneus) were examined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies related to B.burgdorferi s.l., C. burnetii, and F. tularensis were detected in 15%, 19%, and 20% of animals, respectively. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi and F. tularensis statistically differed in localities and F. tularensis also differed in sex. Antibodies against 2-3 pathogens were found in 17% of animals with a higher prevalence in M. glareolus. This study brings new data about the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Lyme disease, Q fever, rodents, seroprevalence, tularemia, zoonosis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Dermacentor reticulatus is a hard tick species with extraordinary biological features. It has a high reproduction rate, a rapid developmental cycle, and is also able to overcome years of unfavourable conditions. Dermacentor reticulatus can survive under water for several months and is cold-hardy even compared to other tick species. It has a wide host range: over 60 different wild and domesticated hosts are known for the three active developmental stages. Its high adaptiveness gives an edge to this tick species as shown by new data on the emergence and establishment of D. reticulatus populations throughout Europe. The tick has been the research focus of a growing number of scientists, physicians and veterinarians. Within the Web of Science database, more than a fifth of the over 700 items published on this species between 1897 and 2015 appeared in the last three years (2013-2015). Here we attempt to synthesize current knowledge on the systematics, ecology, geographical distribution and recent spread of the species and to highlight the great spectrum of possible veterinary and public health threats it poses. Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis is a severe leading canine vector-borne disease in many endemic areas. Although less frequently than Ixodes ricinus, D. reticulatus adults bite humans and transmit several Rickettsia spp., Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus or Tick-borne encephalitis virus. We have not solely collected and reviewed the latest and fundamental scientific papers available in primary databases but also widened our scope to books, theses, conference papers and specialists colleagues' experience where needed. Besides the dominant literature available in English, we also tried to access scientific literature in German, Russian and eastern European languages as well. We hope to inspire future research projects that are necessary to understand the basic life-cycle and ecology of this vector in order to understand and prevent disease threats. We conclude that although great strides have been made in our knowledge of the eco-epidemiology of this species, several gaps still need to be filled with basic research, targeting possible reservoir and vector roles and the key factors resulting in the observed geographical spread of D. reticulatus.

• Klíčová slova
• Asia, Babesia canis, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ecology, Epidemiology, Europe, Geographical distribution, Host associations, Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus, Spread,
• MeSH
• arachnida jako vektory klasifikace   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Babesia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• babezióza epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• Dermacentor klasifikace   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• hostitelská specificita MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• klasifikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• nemoci psů epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• omská hemoragická horečka epidemiologie   přenos   virologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• stadia vývoje MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Both BALB/c mice and common voles (Microtus arvalis) are considered highly susceptible to tularemia. However, the common vole is reported to harbour Francisella tularensis in European habitats as well as to survive longer with chronic shedding of the bacterium. The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of these two rodents to a wild Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain infection. METHODS: Rodents were evaluated for differences in the total antioxidant capacity derived from low-molecular-weight antioxidants, biochemistry including lipid metabolism, tissue bacterial burdens and histopathology following experimental intraperitoneal infection with 160 colony forming units (CFU) pro toto. RESULTS: Bacterial burdens in common voles started to develop later post-exposure and amounted to lower levels than in BALB/c mice. Elevation of liver function enzymes was more pronounced in mice than common voles and there were marked differences in lipid metabolism in the course of tularemia in these two species. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia developed in mice, while physiologically higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol showed a decreasing tendency in common voles. On the other hand, the total plasma antioxidant capacity gradually dropped to 81.5% in mice on day 5 post-infection, while it increased to 130% on day 6 post-infection in common voles. Significant correlations between tissue bacterial burdens and several biochemical parameters were found. CONCLUSION: As differences in lipid metabolism and the total antioxidant capacity of highly susceptible rodent species were demonstrated, the role of triglycerides, cholesterol and antioxidants in tularemic sepsis should be further investigated.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• Arvicolinae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C mikrobiologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci hlodavců metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• tularemie metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH