Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 1505869
Effect of glucose and ribose on microbial degradation of the herbicide bromoxynil continuously added to soil
The benzonitrile herbicides bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil, and ioxynil have been used actively worldwide to control weeds in agriculture since 1970s. Even though dichlobenil is prohibited in EU since 2008, studies addressing the fate of benzonitrile herbicides in the environment show that some metabolites of these herbicides are very persistent. We tested the cytotoxic effects of benzonitrile herbicides and their microbial metabolites using two human cell lines, Hep G2 and HEK293T, representing liver and kidneys as potential target organs in humans. The cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT test and RTCA DP Analyzer system, respectively. The latter allows real-time monitoring of the effect of added substances. As the cytotoxic compounds could compromise cell membrane integrity, the lactate dehydrogenase test was performed as well. We observed high toxic effects of bromoxynil, chloroxynil, and ioxynil on both tested cell lines. In contrast, we determined only low inhibition of cell growth in presence of dichlobenil and microbial metabolites originating from the tested herbicides.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána účinky léků MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- herbicidy toxicita MeSH
- játra účinky léků MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrily toxicita MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzonitrile MeSH Prohlížeč
- herbicidy MeSH
- nitrily MeSH
This review deals with techniques and methods used in the study of the function and development of microorganisms occurring in soil with emphasis on the contributions of Czech Academician Ivan Málek and his coworkers or fellows (Jiří Macura, František Kunc) to the development of basic techniques used in soil microbiology. Early studies, including batch cultivation and respirometric techniques, as well as later developments of percolation and continuous-flow methods of cultivation of soil microorganisms are discussed. Recent developments in the application of analytical chemistry (HPLC or GC) and of molecular biological techniques to ecological questions that have revolutionized concepts in soil microbiology and microbial ecology are also briefly mentioned, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and others. The shift of soil microbiology from the study of individual microorganisms to entire microbial communities, including nonculturable species, is briefly discussed.
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- půda analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- půda MeSH
The heterocontinuous flow cultivation technique was used for the study of 2-chlorobenzoic and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid degradation in soil columns inoculated with Pseudomonas stutzeri. 2-Chlorobenzoic and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acids disappeared from the soil columns within 8 and 12 d, respectively. The presence of the haloaromatics increased the survival of strain KS25 in soil. Viable cell numbers in the soil columns flushed with 2-chlorobenzoic and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acids were 1.3 and 2 times higher, respectively, than those without the chlorobenzoic acids after 30 d of incubation.
