Twenty-four acid- and bile-tolerant lactobacilli isolates from dairy products were identified and further in vitro characterized for the presence of functional traits potentially useful for probiotic applications, which included desirable and undesirable traits, such as biofilm formation, ability to inhibit intestinal pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, and enzyme activity. The majority of examined strains were susceptible to certain antimicrobial agents (streptomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin), except for three strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus with minimal inhibitory concentration levels for streptomycin higher than the microbiological breakpoints (≥32 μg/mL), which are considered as resistant. Undesirable traits such as α-chymotrypsin or N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities were not detected, but low β-glucuronidase, and moderate and high β-glucosidase activities were recorded in nine strains, which were eliminated from further examination together with three isolates showing unsuitable antibiotic resistance. Of the remaining 12 isolates, 4 (Lactobacillus fermentum 202, Lactobacillus gallinarum 7001, L. rhamnosus 183, and Lactobacillus plantarum L2-1) manifested an outstanding potential to inhibit selected intestinal pathogens in an agar spot test, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., and simultaneously demonstrated strong biofilm-forming capacity. In conclusion, the results of our in vitro experiments showed that the above four strains had a potential probiotic value and met the criteria to be identified as a possible probiotic microorganism, with the necessity of verification through well-designed in vivo experimental, clinical, and technological studies before the strains can be used as probiotics or as starter probiotic cultures.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Biofilms MeSH
• Lactobacillus drug effects   enzymology   isolation & purification   physiology   MeSH
• Milk microbiology   MeSH
• Sheep MeSH
• Probiotics isolation & purification   MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Cheese microbiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins MeSH

The activity of antagonistic substances produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lactobacillus acidophilus against the planktonic and sessile populations of Staphylococcus aureus strains was demonstrated. The strongest effects were caused by probiotic L. acidophilus strain - bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) positive. However, the S. aureus A3 growth, adhesion and biofilm formation was also limited by cell-free supernatant of L. acidophilus H-1 (BLIS negative). Moreover, competitive direct interactions were observed between staphylococci and the above bacteria, which influenced the formation of dualspecies aggregates on the surface.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Antibiosis MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion drug effects   MeSH
• Bacteriocins metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Biofilms drug effects   MeSH
• Culture Media, Conditioned pharmacology   MeSH
• Lactobacillus acidophilus growth & development   metabolism   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plankton growth & development   MeSH
• Probiotics MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth & development   metabolism   physiology   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus drug effects   growth & development   physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Bacteriocins MeSH
• Culture Media, Conditioned MeSH

Organic acids can be used as feed supplements or for treatment of poultry carcasses in processing plants. The antimicrobial activity of nineteen organic acids and two monoacylglycerols in cultures of Campylobacter jejuni CCM 6214(T) (ATCC 33560) was determined using a SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay. The IC(50) was a concentration at which only 50 % of a bacteria specific DNA sequence was amplified. Caprylic, capric and lauric acids were the most efficient antimicrobials among the compounds tested (IC(50) < or = 0.1 mg/mL). In a weakly acidic environment (pH 5.5), the antimicrobial activity was more pronounced than at pH 6.5. At pH 5.5, oleic and fumaric acid also had clear antimicrobial activity, as did monocaprylin. The antimicrobial activity of acetic, butyric, stearic and succinic acid was low. In cells treated with fumaric acid, the potential of potassium and tetraphenylphosphonium ion-selective electrodes changed, indicating an increase in cytoplasmic and outer membrane permeability, respectively. No changes in membrane permeability were observed in cells treated with capric acid or monocaprin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed separation of the inner and outer membrane in cells treated with capric and fumaric acid, as well as cytoplasmic disorganization in cells exposed to capric acid.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Staining and Labeling methods   MeSH
• Benzothiazoles MeSH
• Cell Membrane ultrastructure   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni drug effects   physiology   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Quinolines MeSH
• Diamines MeSH
• Inhibitory Concentration 50 MeSH
• Carboxylic Acids pharmacology   MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Monoglycerides pharmacology   MeSH
• Organic Chemicals metabolism   MeSH
• Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects   MeSH
• Colony Count, Microbial methods   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Benzothiazoles MeSH
• Quinolines MeSH
• Diamines MeSH
• Carboxylic Acids MeSH
• Monoglycerides MeSH
• Organic Chemicals MeSH
• SYBR Green I MeSH Browser

A certain relationship was observed between the gastrointestinal system, arthritis and immune system. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an altered microflora composition and disturbed intestinal defensive barrier. Effect of probiotic bacteria (Colinfant; COL) with known favorable effect on intestinal microflora was determined on the methotrexate (MTX) treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Rats with adjuvant arthritis were administered methotrexate 0.5 mg/kg body mass 2-times weekly per os, COL 1 mL/kg body mass every second day per os, and a combination of MTX+COL for a period of 28 d from the immunization. Levels of serum albumin, body mass, changes in hind paw swelling, and arthrogram score were estimated in rats as variables of inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. Treatment with MTX, as well as with the combination treatment with MTX+COL significantly inhibited both inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. The combination treatment inhibited both the hind paw swelling and arthrogram score more remarkably than MTX alone; on the other hand, the difference between combination treatment and MTX alone was not significant. Treatment with COL alone had no effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Colinfant can increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat adjuvant arthritis by improving its antiarthritic effects.

• MeSH
• Antirheumatic Agents administration & dosage   MeSH
• Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy   immunology   therapy   MeSH
• Escherichia coli * physiology   MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methotrexate administration & dosage   MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Rats, Inbred Lew MeSH
• Probiotics administration & dosage   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Antirheumatic Agents MeSH
• Methotrexate MeSH

A quantitative approach has been proposed to evaluate the competitive inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by live and heat-inactivated laboratory isolated Lactobacillus sp. on adhesion to monolayer of Caco-2 cells. Three species of Lactobacillus (L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. agilis) isolated from human neonate feces and two commercial probiotic strains (L. casei, L. acidophilus) have been compared for probiotic activity. All lactobacilli were able to attach to the Caco-2 cells, however, the degree of adhesion was bacterial strain-dependent. The adhesion indices of the two commercial probiotic strains were not significantly different from the values obtained for the other two similar fecal strains (p > 0.01). The inhibition of attachment of the pathogenic bacteria by inactivated cells of fecal L. acidophilus was examined and compared to the results of live bacteria. The inhibition pattern was similar for live and heat-inactivated L. acidophilus (p > 0.01). The number of attached pathogenic bacteria to the Caco-2 cells decreased when the number of L. acidophilus increased from 10(6) to 10(9) CFU/mL. The heat-inactivated L. acidophilus displayed similar probiotic activity compared to the live bacteria.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion * MeSH
• Caco-2 Cells MeSH
• Escherichia coli physiology   MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Lactobacillus isolation & purification   physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Probiotics isolation & purification   MeSH
• Salmonella typhi physiology   MeSH
• Intestines microbiology   MeSH
• Hot Temperature MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Twelve lactobacilli isolates from mucosa of 3-5-week-old weaned pigs were found to exert good antimicrobial activity against common porcine pathogens (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, C. perfringens). Two of them produced in addition to lactic acid also considerable amounts of acetic acid, and 6 of them produced hydrogen peroxide and metabolites other than organic acids. Isolates 4/26 and 2/25 (identified as L. crispatus or L. amylovorus) were inhibitory against most strains of S. aureus, B. cereus and E. coli, and especially the strain 4/26 survived well in simulated gastric and intestinal juice. Diarrhea-causing E. coli O8K88H9 Ent(+) was successfully inhibited by the growing culture as well as by the catalase-treated and neutralized supernatant of L. reuteri 12/26. Mucin degradation and multiple resistance to antibiotics were not observed.

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Bacillus cereus drug effects   MeSH
• Clostridium perfringens drug effects   MeSH
• Escherichia coli drug effects   MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Ileum microbiology   MeSH
• Culture Media, Conditioned pharmacology   MeSH
• Culture Media chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Lactic Acid pharmacology   MeSH
• Lactobacillus drug effects   isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Mucins metabolism   MeSH
• Swine Diseases prevention & control   MeSH
• Weaning MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism   MeSH
• Immunity, Innate MeSH
• Probiotics MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus drug effects   MeSH
• Intestinal Mucosa microbiology   MeSH
• Sus scrofa microbiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Culture Media, Conditioned MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Lactic Acid MeSH
• Mucins MeSH
• Hydrogen Peroxide MeSH