A conventional evaluation methodology for drinking water pollution focuses on analysing hundreds of compounds, usually by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. High-resolution mass spectrometry allows comprehensive evaluation of all detected signals (compounds) based on their elemental composition, intensity, and numbers. We combined target analysis of 192 emerging micropollutants with nontarget (NT) full-scan/MS/MS methods to describe the impact of treatment steps in detail and assess drinking water treatment efficiency without compound identification. The removal efficiency based on target analytes ranged from - 143 to 97%, depending on the treatment section, technologies, and season. The same effect calculated for all signals detected in raw water by the NT method ranged between 19 and 65%. Ozonation increased the removal of micropollutants from the raw water but simultaneously caused the formation of new compounds. Moreover, ozonation byproducts showed higher persistence than products formed during other types of treatment. We evaluated chlorinated and brominated organics detected by specific isotopic patterns within the developed workflow. These compounds indicated anthropogenic raw water pollution but also potential treatment byproducts. We could match some of these compounds with libraries available in the software. We can conclude that passive sampling combined with nontargeted analysis shows to be a promising approach for water treatment control, especially for long-term monitoring of changes in technology lines because passive sampling dramatically reduces the number of samples and provides time-weighted average information for 2 to 4 weeks.

• Klíčová slova
• Drinking water treatment, Log2FoldChange, Nontarget analysis, Organic micropollutants, Removal efficiency, Treatment effect,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• čištění vody * metody   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• ozon * analýza   MeSH
• pitná voda * analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• ozon * MeSH
• pitná voda * MeSH

Priority substances likely to pollute water can be characterized by mid-infrared spectroscopy based on their specific absorption spectral signature. In this work, the detection of volatile aromatic molecules in the aqueous phase by evanescent-wave spectroscopy has been optimized to improve the detection efficiency of future in situ optical sensors based on chalcogenide waveguides. To this end, a hydrophobic polymer was deposited on the surface of a zinc selenide prism using drop and spin-coating methods. To ensure that the water absorption bands will be properly attenuated for the selenide waveguides, two polymers were selected and compared: polyisobutylene and ethylene/propylene copolymer coating. The system was tested with benzene, toluene, and ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes at concentrations ranging from 10 ppb to 40 ppm, and the measured detection limit was determined to be equal to 250 ppb under these analytical conditions using ATR-FTIR. The polyisobutylene membrane is promising for pollutant detection in real waters due to the reproducibility of its deposition on selenide materials, the ease of regeneration, the short response time, and the low ppb detection limit, which could be achieved with the infrared photonic microsensor based on chalcogenide materials. To improve the sensitivity of future infrared microsensors, the use of metallic nanostructures on the surface of chalcogenide waveguides appears to be a relevant way, thanks to the plasmon resonance phenomena. Thus, in addition to preliminary surface-enhanced infrared absorption tests using these materials and a functionalization via a self-assembled monolayer of 4-nitrothiophenol, heterostructures combining gold nanoparticles/chalcogenide waveguides have been successfully fabricated with the aim of proposing a SEIRA microsensor device.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The bacterial strain KDF8 capable of growth in the presence of diclofenac and codeine analgesics was obtained after chemical mutagenesis of nature isolates from polluted soils. The strain KDF8 was identified as Raoultella sp. based on its morphology, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. It was deposited in the Czech Collection of Microorganisms under the number CCM 8678. A growing culture efficiently removed diclofenac (92% removal) and partially also codeine (about 30% degradation) from culture supernatants within 72 h at 28 °C. The degradation of six analgesics by the whole cell catalyst was investigated in detail. The maximum degradation of diclofenac (91%) by the catalyst was achieved at pHINI of 7 (1 g/L diclofenac). The specific removal rate at high concentrations of diclofenac and codeine increased up to 16.5 mg/gCDW per h and 5.1 mg/gCDW per h, respectively. HPLC analysis identified 4'-hydroxydiclofenac as a major metabolite of diclofenac transformation and 14-hydroxycodeinone as codeine transformation product. The analgesics ibuprofen and ketoprofen were also removed, albeit to a lower extent of 3.2 and 2.0 mg/gCDW per h, respectively. Naproxen and mefenamic acid were not degraded.

• Klíčová slova
• Analgesics, Co-metabolism, Microbial degradation, Raoultella sp., Whole cell catalyst,
• MeSH
• analgetika metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus   MeSH
• diklofenak metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae klasifikace   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• kodein metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• analgetika MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• diklofenak MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• kodein MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH