Neurotrophins are proteins included in development and functioning of various processed in mammalian organisms. They are important in early development but as well as during adulthood. Brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been previously linked with many psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction. Since during postnatal development, brain undergoes various functional and anatomical changes, we included preweaning environment enrichment (EE), since enrichment has been linked with improved function and development of the several brain structure such as hippocampus (HP), in which we monitored these changes. On the other hand, social isolation has been linked with depression and anxiety-like behavior, therefore postweaning social isolation has been added to this model as well and animal were exposed to this condition till adolescence. We examined if all these three factors had impact on BDNF and NGF levels during three phases of adolescence - postnatal days (PDs) 28, 35 and 45. Our results show that EE did not increase BDNF levels neither in control or MA exposed animals and these results are similar for both direct and indirect exposure. On the other side, social separation after weaning did reduce BDNF levels in comparison to standard housing animals but this effect was reversed by direct MA exposure. In terms of NGF, EE environment increased its levels only in indirectly exposed controls and MA animals during late adolescence. On the other hand, social separation increased NGF levels in majority of animals.

• MeSH
• hipokampus MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• methamfetamin * farmakologie   MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor * metabolismus   MeSH
• nervový růstový faktor metabolismus   MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methamfetamin * MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor * MeSH
• nervový růstový faktor MeSH

The present study was aimed at evaluating cognitive changes following neonatal methamphetamine exposure in combination with repeated treatment in adulthood of female Wistar rats. Pregnant dams and their pups were used in this study. One half of the offspring were treated indirectly via the breast milk of injected mothers, and the other half of pups were treated directly by methamphetamine injection. In the group with indirect exposure, mothers received methamphetamine (5 mg/ml/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg) between postnatal days (PD) 1-11. In the group with direct exposure, none of the mothers were treated. Instead, progeny were either: (1) treated with injected methamphetamine (5 mg/ml/kg); or (2) served as controls and received sham injections (no saline, just a needle stick) on PD 1-11. Learning ability and memory consolidation were tested on PD 70-90 in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) using three tests: Place Navigation Test, Probe Test, and Memory Recall Test. Adult female progeny were injected daily, after completion of the last trial of MWM tests, with saline or methamphetamine (1 mg/ml/kg). The effects of indirect/direct neonatal methamphetamine exposure combined with acute adult methamphetamine treatment on cognitive functions in female rats were compared. Statistical analyses showed that neonatal drug exposure worsened spatial learning and the ability to remember the position of a hidden platform. The study also demonstrated that direct methamphetamine exposure has a more significant impact on learning and memory than indirect exposure. The acute dose of the drug did not produce any changes in cognitive ability. Analyses of search strategies (thigmotaxis, scanning) used by females during the Place Navigation Test and Memory Recall Test confirmed all these results. Results from the present study suggested extensive deficits in learning skills and memory of female rats that may be linked to the negative impact of neonatal methamphetamine exposure.

• Klíčová slova
• Morris Water Maze (MWM), Wistar rat, methamphetamine, neonatal exposure, strategies,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15-34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.

• Klíčová slova
• dopamine, drug addiction, hippocampus, methamphetamine, prefrontal cortex, prenatal, serotonin, striatum,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Methamphetamine (MA), as a psychostimulant drug that crosses the placental barrier, may disrupt the development of social play. The present study aims to examine the effect of prenatal MA (5 mg/kg) exposure during the first (gestational day (GD) 1-11) or second (GD 12-22) halves of prenatal development of rats on social play behavior. To investigate an acute effect of MA on social play in adulthood, juvenile rats were exposed to a dose of 1 mg/kg MA or saline on the test day and tested for social play for 15 min. Prenatal exposure to MA during GD 1-11 increased social play behavior during 5-10 min interval of the test in males but not females. Prenatal MA during GD 12-22 did not influence social play in males nor females. However, social play occurred to a greater extent in GD 12-22 groups compared with GD 1-11. Acute exposure to MA eliminated playful behavior in all groups and decreased social exploration in GD 1-11. Our results suggest that manipulation of prenatal development during the first half of the gestational period has a greater impact on social play behavior than during the second half.

• MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• hra a hračky psychologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• methamfetamin toxicita   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému toxicita   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované   psychologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methamfetamin MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému MeSH