Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 26172210
Tree diversity and species identity effects on soil fungi, protists and animals are context dependent
Plant diversity can alter soil carbon stocks, but the effects are difficult to predict due to the multitude of mechanisms involved. We propose that these mechanisms and their outcomes can be better understood by testing how plant diversity affects particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) depending on whether MAOM storage is "saturated" and the total soil organic matter pool is limited by plant inputs. Such context-dependency of plant-diversity effects on POM, MAOM, and total soil organic matter helps explain inconsistencies in plant-diversity-soil-carbon relationships across studies. Further illumination of this context-dependency is required to better predict consequences of biodiversity losses and gains, and manage ecosystems as carbon sinks and nutrient stores.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- minerály * analýza chemie MeSH
- organické látky * analýza MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- rostliny * metabolismus klasifikace MeSH
- sekvestrace uhlíku MeSH
- uhlík analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- minerály * MeSH
- organické látky * MeSH
- pevné částice * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
Fungi are key players in vital ecosystem services, spanning carbon cycling, decomposition, symbiotic associations with cultivated and wild plants and pathogenicity. The high importance of fungi in ecosystem processes contrasts with the incompleteness of our understanding of the patterns of fungal biogeography and the environmental factors that drive those patterns. To reduce this gap of knowledge, we collected and validated data published on the composition of soil fungal communities in terrestrial environments including soil and plant-associated habitats and made them publicly accessible through a user interface at https://globalfungi.com . The GlobalFungi database contains over 600 million observations of fungal sequences across > 17 000 samples with geographical locations and additional metadata contained in 178 original studies with millions of unique nucleotide sequences (sequence variants) of the fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2 representing fungal species and genera. The study represents the most comprehensive atlas of global fungal distribution, and it is framed in such a way that third-party data addition is possible.
A central challenge in ecology is to understand the relative importance of processes that shape diversity patterns. Compared with aboveground biota, little is known about spatial patterns and processes in soil organisms. Here we examine the spatial structure of communities of small soil eukaryotes to elucidate the underlying stochastic and deterministic processes in the absence of environmental gradients at a local scale. Specifically, we focus on the fine-scale spatial autocorrelation of prominent taxonomic and functional groups of eukaryotic microbes. We collected 123 soil samples in a nested design at distances ranging from 0.01 to 64 m from three boreal forest sites and used 454 pyrosequencing analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer for detecting Operational Taxonomic Units of major eukaryotic groups simultaneously. Among the main taxonomic groups, we found significant but weak spatial variability only in the communities of Fungi and Rhizaria. Within Fungi, ectomycorrhizas and pathogens exhibited stronger spatial structure compared with saprotrophs and corresponded to vegetation. For the groups with significant spatial structure, autocorrelation occurred at a very fine scale (<2 m). Both dispersal limitation and environmental selection had a weak effect on communities as reflected in negative or null deviation of communities, which was also supported by multivariate analysis, that is, environment, spatial processes and their shared effects explained on average <10% of variance. Taken together, these results indicate a random distribution of soil eukaryotes with respect to space and environment in the absence of environmental gradients at the local scale, reflecting the dominant role of drift and homogenizing dispersal.
- MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- Eukaryota klasifikace MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- společenstvo * MeSH
- stromy mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Estonsko MeSH
