Closely related host species share similar symbionts, but the effects of host genetic admixture and environmental conditions on these communities remain largely unknown. We investigated the influence of host genetic admixture and environmental factors on the intestinal prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities (fungi, parasites) of two house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus) and their hybrids in two settings: (i) wild-caught mice from the European hybrid zone and (ii) wild-derived inbred mice in a controlled laboratory environment before and during a community perturbation (infection). In wild-caught mice, environmental factors strongly predicted the overall microbiome composition. Subspecies' genetic distance significantly influenced the overall microbiome composition, and each component (bacteria, parasites and fungi). While hybridization had a weak effect, it significantly impacted fungal composition. We observed similar patterns in wild-derived mice, where genetic distances and hybridization influenced microbiome composition, with fungi being more stable to infection-induced perturbations than other microbiome components. Subspecies' genetic distance has a stronger and consistent effect across microbiome components than differences in expected heterozygosity among hybrids, suggesting that host divergence and host filtering play a key role in microbiome divergence, influenced by environmental factors. Our findings offer new insights into the eco-evolutionary processes shaping host-microbiome interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• host–microbiome interactions, hybridization, microbiome, spatial environment, species barriers,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• hybridizace genetická * MeSH
• interakce mikroorganismu a hostitele MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• myši MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The association between bacterial as well as viral gut microbiota imbalance and carcinogenesis has been intensively analysed in many studies; nevertheless, the role of fungal gut microbiota (mycobiota) in colorectal, oral, and pancreatic cancer development is relatively new and undiscovered field due to low abundance of intestinal fungi as well as lack of well-characterized reference genomes. Several specific fungi amounts are increased in colorectal cancer patients; moreover, it was observed that the disease stage is strongly related to the fungal microbiota profile; thus, it may be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for adenomas. Candida albicans, which is the major microbe contributing to oral cancer development, may promote carcinogenesis via several mechanisms, mainly triggering inflammation. Early detection of pancreatic cancer provides the opportunity to improve survival rate, therefore, there is a need to conduct further studies regarding the role of fungal microbiota as a potential prognostic tool to diagnose this cancer at early stage. Additionally, growing attention towards the characterization of mycobiota may contribute to improve the efficiency of therapeutic methods used to alter the composition and activity of gut microbiota. The administration of Saccharomyces boulardii in oncology, mainly in immunocompromised and/or critically ill patients, is still controversial.

• Klíčová slova
• Saccharomyces boulardii, colorectal cancer, gut microbiota, mycobiota, oral cancer, pancreatic cancer,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic immune disorder characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulins. Patients often suffer from infectious and serious non-infectious complications which impact their life tremendously. The monogenic cause has been revealed in a minority of patients so far, indicating the role of multiple genes and environmental factors in CVID etiology. Using 16S and ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota, respectively, in a group of 55 participants constituting of CVID patients and matched healthy controls including 16 case-control pairs living in the same household, to explore possible associations between gut microbiota composition and disease phenotype. We revealed less diverse and significantly altered bacterial but not fungal gut microbiota in CVID patients, which additionally appeared to be associated with a more severe disease phenotype. The factor of sharing the same household impacted both bacterial and fungal microbiome data significantly, although not as strongly as CVID diagnosis in bacterial assessment. Overall, our results suggest that gut bacterial microbiota is altered in CVID patients and may be one of the missing environmental drivers contributing to some of the symptoms and disease severity. Paired samples serving as controls will provide a better resolution between disease-related dysbiosis and other environmental confounders in future studies.

• Klíčová slova
• CVID, IgA, fungal microbiome, fungal microbiota, gut microbiome, gut microbiota, gut mycobiome, gut mycobiota,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykobiom * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * imunologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zdraví rodiny MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin A MeSH