Aging is characterized by gradual deterioration of organ or tissue function and its ability to maintain homeostasis of the different physiological processes. This leads to the development of structural and functional alterations accompanied by an increased risk for diverse pathologies. Cellular senescence is a controlled biological process that could contribute to the development of many age-related diseases and related metabolic dysfunctions. Two major chronic diseases associated with premature accumulation of senescent cells that impose an enormous burden on global health systems are obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus with its related complications. The purpose of this review is to highlight the links between aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of cellular senescence in disease development and progression. Additionally, this review will discuss the potential of targeting cellular senescence as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing these interrelated diseases, therefore offering a novel approach to prevention and treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• cellular senescence, metabolic complications, obesity, senolytics, type 2 diabetes mellitus,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

(1) Background: C1q TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we explored changes in serum CTRP3 and its gene expression in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing elective cardiac surgery. (2) Methods: SAT, EAT, and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery from 34 patients: (i) 11 without CAD or T2DM, (ii) 14 with CAD and without T2DM, and (iii) 9 with both CAD and T2DM. mRNA levels of CTRP3 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Circulating levels of CTRP3 and other factors were measured using ELISA and Luminex Multiplex commercial kits. (3) Results: Baseline plasma levels of TNF-α and IL6 did not differ among the groups and increased at the end of surgery. Baseline circulating levels of CTRP3 did not differ among the groups and decreased after surgery. In contrast, baseline CTRP3 mRNA levels in EAT were significantly decreased in CAD/T2DM group, while no differences were found for TNF-α and IL6 gene expression. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that decreased EAT mRNA levels of CTRP3 could contribute to higher risk of atherosclerosis in patients with CAD and T2DM.

• Klíčová slova
• CTRP3, adipokines, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, epicardial adipose tissue, gene expression,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace   genetika   chirurgie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace   genetika   chirurgie   MeSH
• perikard metabolismus   MeSH
• TNF-alfa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mast cells represent an important component of the innate defense system of the organism. In our work, we quantified mast cell number in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and right atrial myocardium (RA) in patients undergoing open heart surgery (n=57). Bioptic samples of EAT (n=44), SAT (n=42) and RA (n=17) were fixed by 4 % paraformaldehyde and embedded into paraffin. An anti-mast cell tryptase antibody was used for immunohistochemical detection and quantification of mast cells. We also demonstrated immunohistochemically the expression of CD117 and chymase markers. In EAT of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), higher incidence of mast cells has been found compared to patients without CAD (3.7±2.6 vs. 2.1±1.2 cells/mm(2)). In SAT and RA, there was no difference in the number of mast cells in CAD and non-CAD patients. Mast cells in SAT, EAT and RA expressed CD117 and chymase. An increased incidence of mast cells in EAT of CAD patients may indicate the specific role of these inflammatory cells in relation to EAT and coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastocyty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• perikard metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zánět etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifaceted matricellular protein, with well-recognized roles in both the physiological and pathological processes in the body. OPN is expressed in the main organs and cell types, in which it induces different biological actions. During physiological conditioning, OPN acts as both an intracellular protein and soluble excreted cytokine, regulating tissue remodeling and immune-infiltrate in adipose tissue the heart and the kidney. In contrast, the increased expression of OPN has been correlated with the severity of the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with obesity. Indeed, OPN expression is at the "cross roads" of visceral fat extension, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and renal disorders, in which OPN orchestrates the molecular interactions, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. The common factor associated with OPN overexpression in adipose, cardiac and renal tissues seems attributable to the concomitant increase in visceral fat size and the increase in infiltrated OPN+ macrophages. This review underlines the current knowledge on the molecular interactions between obesity and the cardiac-renal disorders ruled by OPN.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteopontin (OPN), renal disorders, visceral adipose tissue (VAT),
• MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence genetika   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci ledvin genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci srdce genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• osteopontin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• osteopontin MeSH