Most cited article - PubMed ID 31986754
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds with Bioorthogonally Reactive Protein-Resistant Polymeric Coatings
Energetic ions represent an important tool for the creation of controlled structural defects in solid nanomaterials. However, the current preparative irradiation techniques in accelerators show significant limitations in scaling-up, because only very thin layers of nanoparticles can be efficiently and homogeneously irradiated. Here, we show an easily scalable method for rapid irradiation of nanomaterials by light ions formed homogeneously in situ by a nuclear reaction. The target nanoparticles are embedded in B2O3 and placed in a neutron flux. Neutrons captured by 10B generate an isotropic flux of energetic α particles and 7Li+ ions that uniformly irradiates the surrounding nanoparticles. We produced 70 g of fluorescent nanodiamonds in an approximately 30-minute irradiation session, as well as fluorescent silicon carbide nanoparticles. Our method thus increased current preparative yields by a factor of 102-103. We envision that our technique will increase the production of ion-irradiated nanoparticles, facilitating their use in various applications.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Development of multifunctional nanoscale sensors working under physiological conditions enables monitoring of intracellular processes that are important for various biological and medical applications. By attaching paramagnetic gadolinium complexes to nanodiamonds (NDs) with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres through surface engineering, we developed a hybrid nanoscale sensor that can be adjusted to directly monitor physiological species through a proposed sensing scheme based on NV spin relaxometry. We adopt a single-step method to measure spin relaxation rates enabling time-dependent measurements on changes in pH or redox potential at a submicrometre-length scale in a microfluidic channel that mimics cellular environments. Our experimental data are reproduced by numerical simulations of the NV spin interaction with gadolinium complexes covering the NDs. Considering the versatile engineering options provided by polymer chemistry, the underlying mechanism can be expanded to detect a variety of physiologically relevant species and variables.
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques methods MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Microscopy, Confocal MeSH
- Quantum Theory MeSH
- Nanodiamonds chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Nanotechnology methods MeSH
- Optical Imaging methods MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Nanodiamonds MeSH
Targeted biocompatible nanostructures with controlled plasmonic and morphological parameters are promising materials for cancer treatment based on selective thermal ablation of cells. Here, core-shell plasmonic nanodiamonds consisting of a silica-encapsulated diamond nanocrystal coated in a gold shell are designed and synthesized. The architecture of particles is analyzed and confirmed in detail using electron tomography. The particles are biocompatibilized using a PEG polymer terminated with bioorthogonally reactive alkyne groups. Azide-modified transferrin is attached to these particles, and their high colloidal stability and successful targeting to cancer cells overexpressing the transferrin receptor are demonstrated. The particles are nontoxic to the cells and they are readily internalized upon binding to the transferrin receptor. The high plasmonic cross section of the particles in the near-infrared region is utilized to quantitatively ablate the cancer cells with a short, one-minute irradiation by a pulse 750-nm laser.
- Keywords
- ablation, cancer, gold, nanodiamonds, plasmonics,
- MeSH
- Ablation Techniques methods MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Molecular Targeted Therapy methods MeSH
- HeLa Cells drug effects MeSH
- Hyperthermia, Induced methods MeSH
- Carbocyanines chemistry MeSH
- Laser Therapy methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanoparticles chemistry MeSH
- Nanodiamonds chemistry MeSH
- Nanoshells chemistry MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols chemistry MeSH
- Receptors, Transferrin metabolism MeSH
- Transferrin chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Gold chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Alexa Fluor 647 MeSH Browser
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Carbocyanines MeSH
- Nanodiamonds MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols MeSH
- Receptors, Transferrin MeSH
- Transferrin MeSH
- Gold MeSH
Cellular fate of nanoparticles is vital to application of nanoparticles to cell imaging, bio-sensing, drug delivery, suppression of drug resistance, gene delivery, and cytotoxicity analysis. However, the current studies on cellular fate of nanoparticles have been controversial due to complications of interplay between many possible factors. By well-controlled experiments, we demonstrated unambiguously that the morphology of nanoparticles independently determined their cellular fate. We found that nanoparticles with sharp shapes, regardless of their surface chemistry, size, or composition, could pierce the membranes of endosomes that carried them into the cells and escape to the cytoplasm, which in turn significantly reduced the cellular excretion rate of the nanoparticles. Such features of sharp-shaped nanoparticles are essential for drug delivery, gene delivery, subcellular targeting, and long-term tracking. This work opens up a controllable, purely geometrical and hence safe, degree of freedom for manipulating nanoparticle-cell interaction, with numerous applications in medicine, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing.
High pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds (NDs) represent extremely promising materials for construction of fluorescent nanoprobes and nanosensors. However, some properties of bare NDs limit their direct use in these applications: they precipitate in biological solutions, only a limited set of bio-orthogonal conjugation techniques is available and the accessible material is greatly polydisperse in shape. In this work, we encapsulate bright 30-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in 10-20-nm thick translucent (i.e., not altering FND fluorescence) silica shells, yielding monodisperse near-spherical particles of mean diameter 66 nm. High yield modification of the shells with PEG chains stabilizes the particles in ionic solutions, making them applicable in biological environments. We further modify the opposite ends of PEG chains with fluorescent dyes or vectoring peptide using click chemistry. High conversion of this bio-orthogonal coupling yielded circa 2000 dye or peptide molecules on a single FND. We demonstrate the superior properties of these particles by in vitro interaction with human prostate cancer cells: while bare nanodiamonds strongly aggregate in the buffer and adsorb onto the cell membrane, the shell encapsulated NDs do not adsorb nonspecifically and they penetrate inside the cells.
- Keywords
- biocompatibilization, fluorescent nanodiamonds, nanoparticles,
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials chemistry MeSH
- Electrons MeSH
- Fluorescent Dyes chemistry MeSH
- Microscopy, Confocal MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Luminescence MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- Nanodiamonds chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide chemistry MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols chemistry MeSH
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Biocompatible Materials MeSH
- Fluorescent Dyes MeSH
- Nanodiamonds MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide MeSH
- Polyethylene Glycols MeSH
