The utilization of nanomaterials in biomedical applications has surged in recent years; yet, the transition from research to practical implementation remains a great challenge. However, a promising area of research has emerged with the integration of nanomaterials with diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides. In this Review, we elucidate the motivations behind selecting metal oxide- and phosphate-based nanomaterials in conjunction with these radionuclides, while addressing its issues and limitations. Various metal oxide- and phosphate-based nanoparticles, exhibiting low toxicity and high tolerability, have been proposed for diverse biomedical applications, ranging from bone substitutes to drug delivery systems and controlled release vectors for pharmaceuticals, including radionuclides for nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. Moreover, the potential synergistic effects of multimodal combinational therapies, integrating chemotherapeutics, immunomodulators, or hyperthermia, underscore the versatility of these nanoconstructs. Our comprehensive exploration includes the underlying principles of radiolabeling strategies, the pivotal attributes of nanomaterial platforms, and their applications. Through this perspective, we present the potential of nanotechnology-enabled nuclear medicine. Furthermore, we discuss the potential systemic and local applications of these nanoconstructs, considering their in vitro and in vivo characteristics, as well as their physicochemical properties.

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Nanoparticles of various materials were proposed as carriers of nuclides in targeted alpha particle therapy to at least partially eliminate the nuclear recoil effect causing the unwanted release of radioactive progeny originating in nuclear decay series of so-called in vivo generators. Here, we report on the study of 211Pb and 211Bi recoils release from the 223Ra surface-labelled TiO2 nanoparticles in the concentration range of 0.01-1 mg/mL using two phase separation methods different in their kinetics in order to test the ability of progeny resorption. We have found significant differences between the centrifugation and the dialysis used for labelled NPs separation as well as that the release of 211Pb and 211Bi from the nanoparticles also depends on the NPs dispersion concentration. These findings support our previously proposed recoils-retaining mechanism of the progeny by their resorption on the NPs surface. At the 24 h time-point, the highest overall released progeny fractions were observed using centrifugation (4.0% and 13.5% for 211Pb and 211Bi, respectively) at 0.01 mg/mL TiO2 concentration. The lowest overall released fractions at the 24 h time-point (1.5% and 2.5% for 211Pb and 211Bi respectively) were observed using dialysis at 1 mg/mL TiO2 concentration. Our findings also indicate that the in vitro stability tests of such radionuclide systems designed to retain recoil-progeny may end up with biased results and particular care needs to be given to in vitro stability test experimental setup to mimic in vivo dynamic conditions. On the other hand, controlled and well-defined progeny release may enhance the alpha-emitter radiation therapy of some tumours.

• Klíčová slova
• Bi-213, Bismuth, Pb-211, Ra-223, Radium, TiO2, lead, nanoparticles, nuclear recoil,
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BACKGROUND: Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered new hope for cancer detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomedicine, a term for the application of nanotechnology in medical and health fields, uses nanoparticles for several applications such as imaging, diagnostic, targeted cancer therapy, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and theranostics. RESULTS: Here, we overview the current state-of-the-art of radiolabeled nanoparticles for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Nanostructured radiopharmaceuticals of technetium-99m, copper-64, lutetium-177, and radium-223 are discussed within the scope of this review article. CONCLUSION: Nanoradiopharmaceuticals may lead to better development of theranostics inspired by ingenious delivery and imaging systems. Cancer nano-theranostics have the potential to lead the way to more specific and individualized cancer treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• Copper-64, Lutetium-177, Molecular imaging, Radiolabeled nanoparticles, Radionuclide therapy, Radiopharmacy, Radium-223, Technetium-99m, Theranostics, Toxicity,
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• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH