In April 2024, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was expanded by 1 new order, 1 new family, 6 new subfamilies, 34 new genera and 270 new species. One class, two orders and six species were renamed. Seven families and 12 genera were moved; ten species were renamed and moved; and nine species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as currently accepted by the ICTV, providing an essential annual update on the classification of members of this phylum that deepen understandings of their evolution, and supports critical public health measures for virus identification and tracking.

• Keywords
• Aliusviridae, Arenaviridae, Articulavirales, Artoviridae, Aspiviridae, Bornaviridae, Bunyavirales, Bunyaviricetes, Crepuscuviridae, Discoviridae, Elliovirales, Filoviridae, Fimoviridae, Goujianvirales, Hantaviridae, Hareavirales, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), Jingchuvirales, Konkoviridae, Lispiviridae, Mononegavirales, Muvirales, Mymonaviridae, Myriaviridae, Naedrevirales, Nairoviridae, Natareviridae, Negarnaviricota, Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthornavirae, Paramyxoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Riboviria, Sunviridae, Tenuivirus, Tosoviridae, Tospoviridae, Tulasviridae, articulaviral, bunyaviral, bunyavirus, jingchuviral, megaclassification, megataxonomy, mononegaviral, muviral, naedreviral, negarnaviricot, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy,
• MeSH
• DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases * genetics   MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Negative-Sense RNA Viruses * classification   genetics   enzymology   MeSH
• Viral Proteins * genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases * MeSH
• Viral Proteins * MeSH

The genus Betanucleorhabdovirus includes plant viruses with negative sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA genomes. Here, we characterized putative novel betanucleorhabdoviruses infecting a medically important plant, elderberry. Total RNA was purified from the leaves of several plants, ribodepleted and sequenced using the Illumina platform. Sequence data analysis led to the identification of thirteen contigs of approximately 13.5 kb, showing a genome structure (3'-N-P-P3-M-G-L-5') typical of plant rhabdoviruses. The detected isolates showed 69.4 to 98.9% pairwise nucleotide identity and had the highest identity among known viruses (64.7-65.9%) with tomato betanucleorhabdovirus 2. A detailed similarity analysis and a phylogenetic analysis allowed us to discriminate the elderberry isolates into five groups, each meeting the sequence-based ICTV demarcation criterion in the Betanucleorhabdovirus genus (lower than 75% identity for the complete genome). Hence, the detected viruses appear to represent five novel, closely related betanucleorhabdoviruses, tentatively named Sambucus betanucleorhabdovirus 1 to 5.

• Keywords
• genetic diversity, high-throughput sequencing, mixed infection, plant rhabdovirus,
• MeSH
• Sambucus nigra * MeSH
• Phylogeny * MeSH
• Genetic Variation * MeSH
• Genome, Viral * MeSH
• Plant Leaves virology   MeSH
• Plant Diseases * virology   MeSH
• Rhabdoviridae genetics   isolation & purification   classification   MeSH
• RNA, Viral genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• RNA, Viral MeSH

In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

• Keywords
• Aliusviridae, Arenaviridae, Articulavirales, Artoviridae, Aspiviridae, Bornaviridae, Bunyavirales, Crepuscuviridae, Discoviridae, Filoviridae, Fimoviridae, Goujianvirales, Hantaviridae, ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Jingchuvirales, Lispiviridae, Mononegavirales, Muvirales, Mymonaviridae, Myriaviridae, Nairoviridae, Natareviridae, Negarnaviricota, Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthornavirae, Paramyxoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Riboviria, Serpentovirales, Sunviridae, Tenuivirus, Tosoviridae, Tospoviridae, Tulasviridae, articulaviral, bunyaviral, bunyavirus, goujianviral, megaclassification, megataxonomy, mononegaviral, muviral, negarnaviricot, serpentoviral, virus classification, virus nomenclature, virus taxonomy,
• MeSH
• Negative-Sense RNA Viruses * MeSH
• RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase genetics   MeSH
• RNA Viruses * genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Names of Substances
• RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase MeSH

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mononegavirales * MeSH
• Viruses * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Marine oomycetes have recently been shown to be concurrently infected by (-)ssRNA viruses of the order Bunyavirales. In this work, even higher virus variability was found in a single isolate of Phytophthora condilina, a recently described member of Phytophthora phylogenetic Clade 6a, which was isolated from brackish estuarine waters in southern Portugal. Using total and small RNA-seq the full RdRp of 13 different potential novel bunya-like viruses and two complete toti-like viruses were detected. All these viruses were successfully confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using total RNA as template, but complementarily one of the toti-like and five of the bunya-like viruses were confirmed when dsRNA was purified for RT-PCR. In our study, total RNA-seq was by far more efficient for de novo assembling of the virus sequencing but small RNA-seq showed higher read numbers for most viruses. Two main populations of small RNAs (21 nts and 25 nts-long) were identified, which were in accordance with other Phytophthora species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using small RNA sequencing to identify viruses in Phytophthora spp.

• Keywords
• Bunyavirales, RdRp, Totiviridae, dsRNA, estuaries, mycovirus, oomycete,
• MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Genome, Viral MeSH
• RNA, Small Untranslated genetics   MeSH
• Open Reading Frames MeSH
• Phytophthora virology   MeSH
• RNA, Viral genetics   MeSH
• RNA Viruses classification   genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, RNA * MeSH
• RNA-Seq MeSH
• Virus Diseases virology   MeSH
• Computational Biology MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Portugal MeSH
• Names of Substances
• RNA, Small Untranslated MeSH
• RNA, Viral MeSH