The organs of many female animals are remodeled by reproduction. Using the mouse intestine, a striking and tractable model of organ resizing, we find that reproductive remodeling is anticipatory and distinct from diet- or microbiota-induced resizing. Reproductive remodeling involves partially irreversible elongation of the small intestine and fully reversible growth of its epithelial villi, associated with an expansion of isthmus progenitors and accelerated enterocyte migration. We identify induction of the SGLT3a transporter in a subset of enterocytes as an early reproductive hallmark. Electrophysiological and genetic interrogations indicate that SGLT3a does not sustain digestive functions or enterocyte health; rather, it detects protons and sodium to extrinsically support the expansion of adjacent Fgfbp1-positive isthmus progenitors, promoting villus growth. Our findings reveal unanticipated specificity to physiological organ remodeling. We suggest that organ- and state-specific growth programs could be leveraged to improve pregnancy outcomes or prevent maladaptive consequences of such growth.

• Klíčová slova
• Fgfbp1, SGLT3a, adult organ remodeling, intestinal epithelium, isthmus progenitor, lactation, plasticity, pregnancy, reproduction, small intestine,
• MeSH
• enterocyty metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pohyb buněk MeSH
• rozmnožování * fyziologie   MeSH
• střeva * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tenké střevo * růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The purpose of this Review was to summarize the evidence on the associations among estrogen status, cellular senescence, the gut microbiome and osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Indicate that osteoporosis is a global public health problem that impacts individuals and society. In postmenopausal women, a decrease in estrogen levels is associated with a decrease in gut microbial diversity and richness, as well as increased permeability of the gut barrier, which allows for low-grade inflammation. The direct effects of estrogen status on the association between bone and the gut microbiome were observed in untreated and treated ovariectomized women. In addition to the direct effects of estrogens on bone remodeling, estrogen therapy could reduce the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis by preventing increased gut epithelial permeability, bacterial translocation and inflammaging. However, in studies comparing the gut microbiota of older women, there were no changes at the phylum level, suggesting that age-related comorbidities may have a greater impact on changes in the gut microbiota than menopausal status does. Estrogens modify bone health not only by directly influencing bone remodeling, but also indirectly by influencing the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and the resulting changes in immune system reactivity.

• Klíčová slova
• Aging, Estrogen, Inflammation, Leaky gut, Microbiota, Osteoporosis, Ovariectomy,
• MeSH
• estrogeny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoporóza MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza * MeSH
• remodelace kosti * MeSH
• stárnutí buněk MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• estrogeny * MeSH