Anthropogenic activities and subsequent global climate change instigate drastic crop productivity and yield changes. These changes comprise a rise in the number and severity of plant stress factors, which can arise simultaneously or sequentially. When abiotic stress factors are combined, their impact on plants is more substantial than that of a singleton stress factor. One such impact is the alteration of redox cellular homeostasis, which, in turn, can regulate downstream stress-responsive gene expression and resistance response. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression in response to varied stress factors is an interesting phenomenon, which, conversely, can be stable and heritable. The epigenetic control in plants in response to abiotic stress combinations and their interactions with cellular redox alteration is an emerging field to commemorate crop yield management under climate change. The article highlights the integration of the redox signaling pathways and epigenetic regulations as pivotal components in the complex network of plant responses against multi-combinatorial stresses across time and space. This review aims to lay the foundation for developing novel approaches to mitigate the impact of environmental stresses on crop productivity, bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical solutions in the face of a changing climate and anthropogenic disturbances.

• Keywords
• abiotic stress, anthropogenic disturbances, crop resilience, epigenetic regulation, histone modification, reactive oxygen species,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Biotic stress tolerance in plants is complex as it relies solely on specific innate immune responses from different plant species combating diverse pathogens. Each component of the plant immune system is crucial to comprehend the molecular basis underlying sustainable resistance response. Among many other regulatory components, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as novel regulatory control switches in plant development and stress biology. Besides, miPs, the small peptides (100-150 amino acids long) encoded by some of the non-coding portions of the genome also turned out to be paramount regulators of plant stress. Although some studies have been performed in deciphering the role of miPs in abiotic stress tolerance, their function in regulating biotic stress tolerance is still largely elusive. Hence, the present review focuses on the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in combating biotic stress in plants. The probable role of miPs in plant-microbe interaction is also comprehensively highlighted. This review enhances our current understanding of plant lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miPs in biotic stress tolerance and raises intriguing questions worth following up.

• Keywords
• biotic stress, miPEPs, miRNA, micropeptides, plant–microbe interaction,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH