Streptomyces are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. They may thrive on their own in the soil, or associate with other organisms, such as plants or invertebrates. Some soil-derived strains exhibit hemolytic properties when cultivated on blood agar, raising the question of whether hemolysis could be a virulence factor of the bacteria. In this work we examined hemolytic compound production in 23 β-hemolytic Streptomyces isolates; of these 12 were soil-derived, 10 were arthropod-associated, and 1 was plant-associated. An additional human-associated S. sp. TR1341 served as a control. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested synthesis of polyene molecules responsible for the hemolysis: candicidins, filipins, strevertene A, tetrafungin, and tetrin A, as well as four novel polyene compounds (denoted here as polyene A, B, C, and D) in individual liquid cultures or paired co-cultures. The non-polyene antifungal compounds actiphenol and surugamide A were also identified. The findings indicate that the ability of Streptomyces to produce cytolytic compounds (here manifested by hemolysis on blood agar) is an intrinsic feature of the bacteria in the soil environment and could even serve as a virulence factor when colonizing available host organisms. Additionally, a literature review of polyenes and non-polyene hemolytic metabolites produced by Streptomyces is presented.

• Klíčová slova
• Actinomycetales, Streptomyces, hemolysis, polyene antibiotics, secondary metabolites, soil ecosystem, symbiosis,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• hemolýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyeny farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• Streptomyces * chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• polyeny MeSH

Acmycin, a new polyene antibiotic, was fungistatic at low and fungicidal at high concentrations. It produced malformations in conidia of Helminthosporium oryzae and Curvularia lunata and caused leakage of yeast cells. Acmycin was fairly nontoxic to germinating seeds. The intravenous LD50 was 300-400 and intraperitoneal maximum tolerated dose 100-500 mg/kg body mass of mice.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• houby účinky léků   MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polyeny farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acmycin MeSH Prohlížeč
• antifungální látky MeSH
• polyeny MeSH