Mid-exponential cultures of two traditional biotechnological yeast species, winery Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the less ethanol tolerant bottom-fermenting brewery Saccharomyces pastorianus, were exposed to different concentrations of added ethanol (3, 5 and 8%) The degree of ethanol-induced cell stress was assessed by measuring the cellular activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of lipid peroxidation products, changes in cell lipid content and fatty acid profile. The resveratrol as an antioxidant was found to decrease the ethanol-induced rise of SOD activity and suppress the ethanol-induced decrease in cell lipids. A lower resveratrol concentration (0.5 mg/l) even reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in cells. Resveratrol also alleviated ethanol-induced changes in cell lipid composition in both species by strongly enhancing the proportion of saturated fatty acids and contributing thereby to membrane stabilization. Lower resveratrol concentrations could thus diminish the negative effects of ethanol stress on yeast cells and improve their physiological state. These effects may be utilized to enhance yeast vitality in high-ethanol-producing fermentations or to increase the number of yeast generations in brewery.

• Klíčová slova
• Ethanol stress, Lipid peroxidation, Resveratrol, Yeast,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol farmakologie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres účinky léků   MeSH
• lipidy fyziologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků   MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• víno mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

The plasma membrane and mitochondria of bottom fermenting brewer's yeast obtained as a by-product of industrial beer production were isolated and the lipid fraction was analyzed. The phospholipid content accounted for 78 mg/g protein in the plasma membrane and 59 mg/g protein in the mitochondria. Major phospholipids in both preparations were phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine but their proportions differed significantly. In the plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol, and in the mitochondria phosphatidylcholine were present in the highest concentration (37 and 30%, respectively). The main classes of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, ergosterol, squalene and steryl esters) were twice more abundant in the plasma membrane than in the mitochondria (61 and 33 mg/g protein, respectively). A characteristic of the neutral lipid composition of both organelles was the low content of ergosterol (12 and 7 mg/g protein, respectively) and a high content of squalene (25 and 22 mg/g protein). The main feature of the fatty acid composition of both organelles was the preponderance of saturated fatty acids (78 and 79%, respectively), among which palmitic acid was the principal one. The most expressed characteristics of lipid fractions of the analyzed plasma membranes and mitochondria, high concentration of squalene and preponderance of saturated fatty acids are the consequences of anaerobic growth conditions. The lack of oxygen had possibly the strongest effect on the lipid composition of the plasma membranes and mitochondria of bottom fermenting brewer's yeast.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána chemie   MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• fosfolipidy analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• membránové lipidy analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mitochondrie chemie   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemie   MeSH
• skvalen analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• membránové lipidy MeSH
• skvalen MeSH

The effect of methylfenpropidine on growth, lipid contents, sterol and fatty acid composition was investigated in 5 strains of Candida albicans. The sensitivity of the strains decreased in the order: wild strains > erg+ ade nysR > ade nysR erg (defective delta (8-7)-isomerase) > ade nysR erg (defective delta 5-desaturase). The presence of the inhibitor influenced fecosterol isomerization, episterol dehydrogenation, zymosterol transmethylation, ignosterol reduction and squalene epoxidation. Methylfenpropidine also induced changes in fatty acid composition, causing a reduction of the palmitic and oleic acid content with a concomitant elevation of stearic, linoleic and linolenic acid levels. The lipid unsaturation index slightly increased. Morphological changes of wild strains were observed after the fungicide treatment.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans chemie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• chemické modely MeSH
• ergosterol biosyntéza   chemie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• piperidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• steroly chemie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ergosterol MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• methylfenpropidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• piperidiny MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy MeSH
• steroly MeSH