The European Union's (EU) funding of electricity made of biogas that is obtained from purpose-grown plants accelerated the global boom of renewable energy two decades ago. Tens of thousands of biogas plants were built in EU farms soon after. As this specific trend toward renewable energy globally spreads, it has the potential to alter the features of agriculture in the future. Such conceptual changes are related to a variety of socio-economic and environmental implications that manifest itself over a large time scale. Regarding renewables made of purpose-grown plants, a majority of reservations are related to its production economy, particularly since these biofuels are expected to compete with food or feed. So far, little attention has been paid to the fact that the fields of farms that run biogas stations are subject to shortly repeated erosive crops followed by the intensive application of the fermentation residues obtained. The various types of soil on different European farms, which have been operating biogas stations for at least two decades, were analyzed. It was revealed for the first time that such practices cause soil degradation and pose a threat to food production, which has been overlooked until now. The relations between ethical and economical points of view are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioeconomy, Food economy, Renewables, Soil, Sustainability, Techno–economic assessment,
• MeSH
• biopaliva * MeSH
• cíle * MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopaliva * MeSH

The development of behavioral ethics has brought forth a detailed understanding of the processes of moral perception, decision-making and behavior within and beyond organizations and communities. However, prescriptive recommendations of behavioral research regarding how to support an ethical environment often underestimate the specifics of organizational characteristics that may encourage the occurrence and persistence of dishonesty, especially regarding deception as a desired action in some instances by some employees and managers. Furthermore, behavioral research does not adequately recognize the notion that dishonesty can be sometimes viewed as an acceptable cost for some expected traits or skills of an employee such as intelligence or creativity. Under some conditions, deception can be even considered a moral, prosocial activity. Finally, formal ethics systems and situational measures to promote honesty may be inefficient or directly harmful. This article highlights questions of how to assess such factors in research on (un)ethical behavior within organizations.

• Klíčová slova
• Behavioral ethics, Dishonesty, Fraud, Organizational culture, Organizational trade-offs, Selection,
• MeSH
• etika MeSH
• kreativita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy * MeSH
• podvádění MeSH
• podvod * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this article is to offer a view of the current status of women in medical physics and biomedical engineering, while focusing on solutions towards gender balance and providing examples of current activities carried out at national and international levels. The International Union of Physical and Engineering Scientists in Medicine is committed to advancing women in science and health and has several initiatives overseen by the Women in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Task Group. Some of the main strategies proposed by the Task Group to attain gender balance are: (a) identify and promote female role models that achieve successful work-life balance, (b) establish programs to develop female leaders, (c) create opportunities for females to increase the international visibility within the scientific community, and (d) establish archives and databases of women in STEM.

• Klíčová slova
• Archives, Mentoring, Women in health, Women in science and engineering, leadership,
• MeSH
• biomedicínské inženýrství organizace a řízení   MeSH
• fyzika organizace a řízení   MeSH
• genderová rovnost * MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentoring * MeSH
• poradní výbory MeSH
• vůdcovství * MeSH
• výzkumná zpráva MeSH
• ženy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite the size and thanks to the rich brown coal reserves, the Czech Republic is one of the leading energy producers in Europe, and the 7th biggest exporter of electricity in the world. However, following the climate change mitigation, the novel energy policy that enhances the reduction of coal mining is about to be implemented. A preliminary material flow analysis of the Czech energy sector was carried out. The data obtained confirmed that this government act would result in a dramatic reduction of revenues from electricity sales. Conversely, increased costs would be necessary in order to modernize nuclear power plants and promote the production of renewable energy. In addition, the economic analysis revealed that the act might be prejudicial to economic relations in Central and Western-European countries as some of them are significantly dependent on the electricity imported from the Czech Republic. Disputes between engineers and politicians were highlighted. The aforementioned interrelations were subsequently analyzed and a conclusion was made stating that global interests should have the highest moral priority.

• Klíčová slova
• Economics, Energy policy, Material flow analysis, Moral responsibility,
• MeSH
• elektrárny * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• elektřina * MeSH
• inženýrství * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• jaderné elektrárny ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• politika MeSH
• příjem MeSH
• uhlí * MeSH
• veřejná politika * ekonomika   MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• zachování zdrojů energie * ekonomika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• uhlí * MeSH

Many reports independently confirm that even more than a quarter of a century after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the results of research and development in those countries that were under its influence are insufficient in comparison to the rest of the world. Given that human intelligence is not distributed unevenly and that science is a powerful driving force for the future of an economy, there is a hidden problem, which, if it can be resolved, may release great economic potential. The first generation of researchers from Armenia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Slovakia and Ukraine, who successfully completed their education after the political revolution, were surveyed. The survey revealed many similarities with regards to ethics, but that there is mounting evidence that the main cause of the current situation is the state of the local legal systems. The conclusion was drawn that a conceptual change in staffing within the relevant legal systems is required to release potential and stimulate wealth creation.

• Klíčová slova
• Corruption, Economy, Justice, Moral basis, Science,
• MeSH
• ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
• etika výzkumu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy * MeSH
• prosazení zákonů etika   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální spravedlnost MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arménie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Gruzie MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• SSSR MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

The trend of emerging biorefineries is to process the harvest as efficiently as possible and without any waste. From the most valuable phytomass, refined medicines, enzymes, dyes and other special reactants are created. Functional foods, food ingredients, oils, alcohol, solvents, plastics, fillers and a wide variety of other chemical products follow. After being treated with nutrient recovery techniques (for fertilizer production), biofuels or soil improvers are produced from the leftovers. Economic optimization algorithms have confirmed that such complex biorefineries can be financially viable only when a high degree of feedstock concentration is included. Because the plant material is extremely voluminous before processing, the farming intensity of special plants increases in the nearest vicinity of agglomerations where the biorefineries are built for logistical reasons. Interdisciplinary analyses revealed that these optimization measures lead to significantly increased pollen levels in neighbouring urban areas and subsequently an increased risk of allergies, respectively costs to the national health system. A new moral dilemma between the shareholder's profit and public interest was uncovered and subjected to disputation.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioeconomy, Financial optimization, Logistics, Moral dilemma, Public health costs,
• MeSH
• alergie etiologie   MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• biopaliva * MeSH
• biotechnologie MeSH
• etika podnikání MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče ekonomika   MeSH
• průmysl ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
• pyl škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rostliny * MeSH
• sociální odpovědnost MeSH
• technologie * MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   etika   MeSH
• zemědělství ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopaliva * MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH

This article investigates whether editorial board members of selected economic journals publish their research papers in their 'own' journal. Journals were selected from the Journal Citation Report® from the categories Business; Business, Finance; and Economics. Only research articles published between 2012 and 2015 were included in the analysis. We recorded ratios concerning the share of articles authored by editorial board members, the share of editorial board members publishing in their own journals and ratios representing their publication output. The average share of articles authored by editorial board members ranges from 0.6 to 17.5%. The average share of editorial board members publishing in their own journals ranges from 5.6 to 24.4%. Considering only editorial board members publishing in their own journals, the share of their articles in their journals ranges from 8.2 to 71.4%. While the share of board members publishing only in their own journals, to the number of board members publishing in their own journals, the ratio in a quarter of journals is equal to zero, with a maximum reach of 85.7%. All observed ratios are significantly positively correlated with the gap between impact factor and impact factor without Journal Self Cites; and negatively correlated with the Article Influence Score. A cluster of journals in which a high proportion of editorial board members publish and simultaneously these members publish in their own journal at a high rate was identified.

• Klíčová slova
• Bibliometrics, Economics, Editorial boards, Editors, Journals, The Czech Republic,
• MeSH
• autorství * MeSH
• bibliometrie * MeSH
• ekonomika * MeSH
• impakt faktor časopisů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moc (psychologie) MeSH
• periodika jako téma * MeSH
• publikování * MeSH
• redakční směrnice MeSH
• role odborníka * MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The production of renewable energy in agricultural biogas plants is being widely criticized because-among other things-most of the feedstock comes from purpose-grown crops like maize. These activities (generously subsidized in the Czech Republic) generate competitive pressure to other crops that are used for feeding or food production, worsening their affordability. Unique pretreatment technology that allows substitution of the purpose-grown crops by farming residues (such as husk or straw) was built 6 years ago on a commercial basis in Pěčín (Czech Republic) under modest funding and without publicity. The design of the concept; financial assessment and moral viewpoint were analyzed based on practical operating data. It showed that the apparatus improves economic, environmental and moral acceptance as well. However, according to the government's view, public funding for this type of processing was shortened, "because waste materials represent a lower cost". The impact of such governance was analyzed as well.

• Klíčová slova
• Environmental assessment, Financial analysis, Moral consideration, Process management, Renewable energy,
• MeSH
• biopaliva * MeSH
• elektrárny MeSH
• financování vládou MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• průmyslový odpad * MeSH
• technologie * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zachování zdrojů energie * MeSH
• zásobování potravinami * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• zemědělství * ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopaliva * MeSH
• průmyslový odpad * MeSH

From the early days of philosophy, ethics and justice, there is wide consensus that the constancy of the laws establishes the legal system. On the other hand, the rate at which we accumulate knowledge is gaining speed like never before. Due to the recently increased attention of academics to climate change and other environmental issues, a lot of new knowledge has been obtained about carbon management, its role in nature and mechanisms regarding the formation and degradation of organic matter. A multidisciplinary techno-economic assessment of current composting standards and laws that took into account the current state of knowledge about carbon management was carried out as a case study. Economic and environmental damage caused by outdated laws was revealed. In addition, it was found that the introduction of the best composts into the market is permitted, causing additional negative environmental as well as economic impacts.

• Klíčová slova
• Business environment, Entrepreneurship, Legislation, Products quality,
• MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• kompostování ekonomika   etika   zákonodárství a právo   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mravy * MeSH
• obchod * etika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva ekonomika   normy   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• sociální odpovědnost MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH

The unethical overuse of antibiotics to seek to achieve a shortening of the treatment period raises the cost of health services and poses a threat to humanity due to the gradual development of antibiotic resistance. Other consequences of our modern passion for antibiotics have appeared. Small concentrations of antibiotic residues in sewage waters slow down the metabolism of anaerobic microorganism thereby reducing the overall performance of the anaerobic fermentation used to detoxify and digest sewage and other collected organic wastes. Reduced biogas yields represents a serious threat to the energy self-sufficiency of some waste-water treatment plants, so it might change them from energy producers into energy consumers. Morally justifiable production of renewable energy from bio-waste is also threatened by antibiotic residues that remain in the bio-waste.

• Klíčová slova
• Economy, Health management, Reengineering, Social responsibility, Valuation,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• předávkování léky na předpis ekonomika   etika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH