• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely kardiovaskulární * MeSH
• plicní oběh * MeSH
• plod fyziologie   MeSH
• počítače * MeSH
• srdce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• esterifikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

The article describes novel method of vascular access quality assessment by means of combined measurement of recirculation with normal and inverse needles placement and calculation of vascular access blood flow from the recirculation data. Blood flow values seen in a large group of patients ranged from as low as 200 ml/min up to as high as 2 l/min. Females and diabetics exhibited lower values as compared to males and non-diabetics. The method enables to detect a number of anomalous sates which cannot be detected by conventional means based on monitoring of pressures or recirculation measurement at normal needles placement only (stenosis between both needles, uintentionally erroneous placement of needles in accesses with a loop). Assessment of access blood flow is suitable also for evaluation of interventions on the access, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or surgical narrowing of anastomosis in case of too high blood flow.

• MeSH
• arteriovenózní zkrat * MeSH
• dialýza ledvin * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• jehly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• rychlost toku krve * MeSH
• termodiluce MeSH
• zaváděcí katétry * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

One of the current important issues is the management of used textiles. One method is recycling, but the processes are characterized by a high environmental burden and the products obtained are of lower quality. Used textiles can be successfully used to produce SRF (solid recovered fuels). This type of fuel is standardized by ISO 21640:2021. In the paper, an analysis of used textiles made from fibers of different origins was performed. These were acrylic, cotton, linen, polyester, wool, and viscose. A proximate and ultimate analysis of the investigated samples was performed, including mercury and chlorine content. The alternative fuel produced from used textiles will be characterized by acceptable parameters for consumers: a lower heating value at 20 MJ/kg (class 1-3 SRF), mercury content below 0.9 µg Hg/MJ (class 1 SRF), and a chlorine content below 0.2% (class 1 SRF). However, the very high sulfur content in wool (3.0-3.6%) and the high nitrogen content in acrylic may limit its use for power generation. The use of alternative fuel derived from used textiles may allow 3% of the coal consumed to be substituted in 2030. The reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the substitution of coal with an alternative fuel derived from used textiles will depend on their composition. For natural and man-made cellulosic fibers, the emission factor can be assumed as for plant biomass, making their use for SRF production preferable. For synthetic fibers, the emission factor was estimated at the level of 102 and 82 gCO2/MJ for polyester and acrylic, respectively.

• Klíčová slova
• Alternative fuel, Calorific value, Carbon dioxide emission, Chlorine, Cotton, Mercury, Polyester, Waste management,
• MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• textilie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The annual food and agricultural waste production reaches enormous numbers. Therefore, an increasing need to valorize produced wastes arises. Waste materials originating from the food and agricultural industry can be considered as functional materials with interesting properties and broad application potential. Moreover, using an appropriate magnetic modification, smart materials exhibiting a rapid response to an external magnetic field can be obtained. Such materials can be easily and selectively separated from desired environments. Magnetically responsive waste derivatives of biological origins have already been prepared and used as efficient biosorbents for the isolation and removal of both biologically active compounds and organic and inorganic pollutants and radionuclides, as biocompatible carriers for the immobilization of diverse types of (bio)molecules, cells, nano- and microparticles, or (bio)catalysts. Potential bactericidal, algicidal, or anti-biofilm properties of magnetic waste composites have also been tested. Furthermore, low cost and availability of waste biomaterials in larger amounts predetermine their utilization in large-scale processes.

• Klíčová slova
• agricultural and food waste, magnetic (bio)catalyst, magnetic biosorbent, magnetic carrier, magnetic modification,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• analýza potravin * MeSH
• magnetismus metody   MeSH
• odpadní produkty analýza   MeSH
• recyklace metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• odpadní produkty MeSH

The massive increase in the use of PET plastic bottles has raised the challenge of accumulated waste plastics disposal and its related environmental concerns. Reusing this plastic waste through a solvent-based recycling process seems to be an eco-friendly solution for eliminating waste plastic and converting them into high quality products. The selection of solvent with its temperature requirement for the dissolution of polymeric materials is crucial in the solvent-based recycling process. Therefore, an innovative MATLAB program named HSPs-TPT was designed and constructed in this work to evaluate the dissolving power of solvents. Through this program, the solubility of the waste PET polymer was examined in thirteen (13) different solvents at different temperatures. As a results, the degree of waste PET polymer dissolution in the solvents was presented as the polymer-solvent solubility diagram, which provided the information about the relative energy difference (RED) change with the temperature rise. The program also provided the temperature range effective for the dissolution of PET by indicating the minimum and maximum solubility point for each solvent, which was further validated by the experimental data found in the literature. The proposed MATLAB program can numerically analyse the solubility of a polymer in different solvents in a short time for the recycling process and fabrication of different value-added plastic products such as polymer monoliths and membrane filters.

• Klíčová slova
• Hansen solubility, Membrane, Model analysis, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Waste,
• MeSH
• plastické hmoty * MeSH
• polyethylentereftaláty * MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• plastické hmoty * MeSH
• polyethylentereftaláty * MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH

Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis is considered as a promising process for the chemical recycling of waste polymeric materials aiming at converting them into their original monomers or other valuable chemicals. In this regard, process parameters and reactor type can play important roles for an enhanced recovery of the desired products. Polystyrene (PS) wastes are excellent feedstocks for the chemical recycling owing to the capability of PS to be fully recycled. In this respect, the present work deals with the thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of PS in batch and semi-batch reactor setups. The main goal was to perform a comprehensive study on the depolymerisation of PS, thereby investigating the effect of reactor type, catalyst arrangement, feed to catalyst ratio and residence time on the yields of oil and styrene monomer (SM). A further goal was to identify the optimum operating conditions as well as reactor type for an enhanced recovery of oil and SM. It was demonstrated that the semi-batch reactor outperformed the batch reactor in terms of oil and SM yields in both thermal (non-catalytic) and catalytic tests performed at 400°C. Furthermore, it was shown that the layered arrangement of catalyst (catalyst separated from PS) produced a higher amount of oil with higher selectivity for SM as compared to the mixed arrangement (catalyst mixed with PS). Moreover, the effect of carrier gas flowrate on the product distribution was presented.

• Klíčová slova
• Pyrolysis, chemical recycling, polystyrene, semi-batch reactor, thermo-catalytic process, waste management,
• MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• odpadní produkty MeSH
• polystyreny * MeSH
• pyrolýza * MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• odpadní produkty MeSH
• polystyreny * MeSH

Significant upsurge in animal by-products such as skin, bones, wool, hides, feathers, and fats has become a global challenge and, if not properly disposed of, can spread contamination and viral diseases. Animal by-products are rich in proteins, which can be used as nutritional, pharmacologically functional ingredients, and biomedical materials. Therefore, recycling these abundant and renewable by-products and extracting high value-added components from them is a sustainable approach to reclaim animal by-products while addressing scarce landfill resources. This article appraises the most recent studies conducted in the last five years on animal-derived proteins' separation and biomedical application. The effort encompasses an introduction about the composition, an overview of the extraction and purification methods, and the broad range of biomedical applications of these ensuing proteins.

• Klíčová slova
• Animal by-products, biomedical applications, extraction, proteins,
• MeSH
• proteiny * MeSH
• recyklace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny * MeSH

The effect of recycling on the thermo-mechanical and water absorption behavior of polypropylene (PP)/sisal fiber and polylactic acid (PLA)/sisal fiber composites were studied. The PP-based non-biodegradable composites and PLA-based biodegradable composites were recycled for four times. The effect of recycling was determined by examining the morphology, thermo-mechanical properties, and water absorption behavior and the obtained results were compared. The results showed that the incorporation of sisal fibers in the PP and PLA matrix enhances the tensile modulus and percentage crystallinity of the composites. The tensile strength and modulus of the sisal fiber reinforced PP composites were not affected with recycling. Even though the tensile properties of PLA and PLA/sisal fiber reinforced composites are superior to PP and PP/sisal fiber composites, the PLA-based composites show a dramatic decrease in tensile strength and modulus after the first recycling due to the degradation of the polymer. The thermal stability of the PP/sisal fiber composites was not affected by the repeated recycling process. On the other hand, the PLA-based composites with higher sisal fiber content show a bit lower thermal stability after recycling. The PP-based composites show fluctuations in percentage crystallinity with recycling. On the other hand, a remarkable increase in percentage crystallinity for PLA and PLA-based composites was observed with increasing recycling times. Water diffusion study divulges that the diffusion of water into the polymer composites was reduced with recycling, irrespective of the polymer matrix.

• Klíčová slova
• Polylactic acid, Polypropylene, Thermomechanical properties,
• MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• polypropyleny * MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• poly(lactide) MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery MeSH
• polypropyleny * MeSH
• voda * MeSH

Blast furnace and converter sludges are fine-grained waste materials characterized as dangerous waste with a negative impact on the environment. One way of recycling of such materials is briquetting followed by reuse of the material in the blast furnace. In the briquetting process, an important step is the choice of the binder suitable for manufacturing the briquettes with suitable mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of the binder choice (laundry starch UNIPRET, Portland cement) on the reduction of iron oxides in the assessed waste materials during thermal treatment (900, 1000, 1100 °C) is evaluated. Simultaneously, the effect of the binder choice on the amount and composition of the resulting waste gas was evaluated as well as its possible impact on the environment. The performed experiments proved the mutual relationship between the level of iron oxides to metal iron conversion, the binder content and retention temperature. Type of binder also affected the volume of the resulting waste gas. Factor analysis for mixed data (FAMD) proved that the resulting concentrations of the assessed hydrocarbons were correlated (apart from ethyne) and that they are closely associated with the binder applied. Conversely, the concentrations of ethyne, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were not associated with the binder but with the retention temperature. FAMD did not show any direct effect of final retention temperature on the amount of the rest of the resulting hydrocarbons. In comparison with the starch-containing briquettes, the cement-containing briquettes were also proved to lead to lower resulting concentrations of PAHs in the waste gas.

• Klíčová slova
• Binder, Blast furnace sludge, Briquetting, Converter sludge, Thermal treatment, Waste gas,
• MeSH
• konstrukční materiály MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH
• recyklace * MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kovy MeSH
• odpadní vody * MeSH