Relatively little information exists on the effects of mercury on terrestrial wildlife populations. We analyzed 38 free-living small rodent females (Myodes glareolus, Microtus agrestris, and Apodemus flavicolis), of which 11 were pregnant, for total mercury concentrations in combined liver and kidney samples. Using a single-purpose atomic absorption spectrometer for mercury determination, the measured mercury values ranged from 0.006 to 0.079 mg/kg. Pregnant females had significantly (P<0.041) higher mercury levels in liver and kidney than did nonpregnant females. Our results suggest that during mercury biomonitoring studies it is necessary to consider the pregnancy of the analyzed animals.
- Klíčová slova
- Apodemus flavicolis, Microtus agrestris, Myodes glareolus, mercury, pregnancy,
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- hlodavci MeSH
- játra chemie metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- ledviny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Murinae MeSH
- rtuť * analýza MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- rtuť * MeSH
To date, the presence of pharmaceuticals has been extensively documented across a wide range of aquatic systems and biota. Further, substantial progress has been made in transitioning from laboratory assessments of pharmaceutical fate and effects in fish to in situ assessments of exposure and effects; however, certain research areas remain understudied. Among these is investigation of differential accumulation across multiple internal tissues in wild marine fish beyond the species commonly sampled in laboratory and freshwater field settings. This study examined the presence of pharmaceuticals across four tissues (plasma, muscle, brain, and liver) in a wild marine fish, bonefish (Albula vulpes), throughout coastal South Florida, USA. Differential accumulation across tissues was assessed for the number and concentration, identity, and composition of accumulated pharmaceuticals by sampling 25 bonefish and analyzing them for 91 pharmaceuticals. The concentration of pharmaceuticals was highest in plasma > liver > brain > muscle, while the number of pharmaceuticals was highest in liver > brain > plasma > muscle. The identity of detected pharmaceuticals was tissue specific, and there was an inverse relationship between the number of detections for each pharmaceutical and its log Kow. The composition of pharmaceuticals was tissue specific for both pharmaceutical presence/absence and concentration. Across all tissues, the greatest similarity was between brain and liver, which were more similar to plasma than to muscle, and muscle was the most distinct tissue. For tissue compositional variability, muscle was the most diverse in accumulated pharmaceuticals, while plasma, brain, and liver were similarly variable. With the highest concentrations in plasma and highest number in liver, and documented variability in accumulated pharmaceuticals across tissues, our results highlight the importance of tissue selection when surveying exposure in wild fish, suggesting that multi-tissue analysis would allow for a more comprehensive assessment of exposure diversity and risk of adverse effects.
- Klíčová slova
- Coastal environments, Emerging contaminants, Marine environments, Pharmaceutical accumulation, Tissue distribution,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- játra * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé přípravky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- ryby * metabolismus MeSH
- svaly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Florida MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
Anthropogenic activities lead to environmental contamination with foreign substances such as heavy metals. This work was aimed to monitor trace elements (total arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) contamination levels (dry weight base) in three natural freshwater reservoirs of Oman including Al Khawd and Al Amarat (Muscat Governorate) and Surur area (Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate as control area) using a native benthic inland fish (Garra shamal; Cyprinidae) for the first time. The muscle and liver of a hundred and twenty G. shamal were collected to assess the degree of metal contamination. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used as an analytical technique. From the spectrum of analyzed elements, we found Zn as a major element in monitored areas. The statistically significant (P < 0.05) highest concentrations of Zn liver (0.275 ± 0.065 µg/g) were in Al Amarat compared to the other areas. The concentrations of monitored elements in the fish muscle were lower than the liver samples. Furthermore, the fish length was significantly correlated with the accumulation of Hg and Co in both muscle and liver samples. In all analyzed fish from Oman inland water, the concentrations of elements were below the permissible limits; however, additional research is needed.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioaccumulation, Fish, Metals, Oman, Risk assessment,
- MeSH
- Cyprinidae * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- kadmium analýza MeSH
- kobalt analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- rtuť * analýza MeSH
- sladká voda chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky * analýza MeSH
- svaly chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Omán MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kadmium MeSH
- kobalt MeSH
- rtuť * MeSH
- stopové prvky * MeSH
- těžké kovy * MeSH
- zinek MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Firefighting is one of the most hazardous occupations due to exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such exposure is suspected to affect the cardiometabolic profile, e.g., liver function and serum lipids. However, only a few studies have investigated the impact of this specific exposure among firefighters. METHODS: Men included in the CELSPAC-FIREexpo study were professional firefighters (n = 52), newly recruited firefighters in training (n = 58), and controls (n = 54). They completed exposure questionnaires and provided 1-3 samples of urine and blood during the 11-week study period to allow assessment of their exposure to PFAS (6 compounds) and PAHs (6 compounds), and to determine biomarkers of liver function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIL)) and levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)). The associations between biomarkers were investigated both cross-sectionally using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression and prospectively using MLR. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and false discovery rate correction was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS: A positive association between exposure to PFAS and PAH mixture and BIL (β = 28.6%, 95% CrI = 14.6-45.7%) was observed by the BWQS model. When the study population was stratified, in professional firefighters and controls the mixture showed a positive association with CHOL (β = 29.5%, CrI = 10.3-53.6%) and LDL (β = 26.7%, CrI = 8.3-48.5%). No statistically significant associations with individual compounds were detected using MLR. CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the associations between exposure to PFAS and PAHs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in the Czech men, including firefighters. The results suggest that higher exposure to a mixture of these compounds is associated with an increase in BIL and the alteration of serum lipids, which can result in an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile.
- Klíčová slova
- Firefighters, Liver function, Mixture analysis, Occupational exposure, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons/PAHs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances/PFAS,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- fluorokarbony * MeSH
- hasiči * MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * moč MeSH
- pracovní expozice * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- fluorokarbony * MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH
The study aimed to determine the content of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in the liver of predominantly plant-eating omnivore wild boar (Sus scrofa), predominantly meat-eating omnivore red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and herbivore red deer (Cervus elaphus), from North-Eastern Poland (Warmia and Mazury), in order to verify the distribution of these elements in the trophic pyramid. Furthermore, the study was used to assess the risk of eating venison. Samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentration of Se was 3.9 (p⟨0.001) and 1.8-fold higher (p0.001) in the wild boar and red fox, respectively, in comparison to the red deer, and 2.1-fold higher in the wild boar comparing to the red fox (p⟨0.001). There was no difference in the average concentration of Zn. The average concentration of Cu was 9.3. Concentration of this element was 5.4-fold higher in red deer in comparison to red fox (p⟨0.001) and 9,34-fold higher than in wild boar (p⟨0.001). The average concentration of Cd was 1.9-fold higher in wild boar in comparison to the red fox (p⟨0.029). Correlation between Cu and Cd concentrations was also observed in the case of the red deer and red fox, while no such correlations were observed between the tested elements in the wild boar. In conclusion, the liver concentrations of these heavy metals in selected wild animas species from the hunting areas of Warmia and Mazury, do not exceed standard safe values for consumers. Moreover, the wild red deer population in North-Eastern Poland is significantly Se deficient.
- Klíčová slova
- wild animals, cadmium, copper, hepatic tissue, selenium, zinc,
- MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- lišky * MeSH
- Sus scrofa * MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie MeSH
- vysoká zvěř * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- těžké kovy MeSH
Liver stiffness (LS) is a novel non-invasive parameter widely used in clinical hepatology. LS correlates with liver fibrosis stage in non-cirrhotic patients. In cirrhotic patients it also shows good correlation with Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG). Our aim was to assess the contribution of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension to LS in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Eighty-one liver transplant candidates with liver cirrhosis of various aetiologies underwent direct HVPG and LS measurement by 2D shear-wave elastography (Aixplorer Multiwave, Supersonic Imagine, France). Liver collagen content was assessed in the explanted liver as collagen proportionate area (CPA) and hydroxyproline content (HP). The studied cohort included predominantly patients with Child-Pugh class B and C (63/81, 77.8%), minority of patients were Child-Pugh A (18/81, 22.2%). LS showed the best correlation with HVPG (r=0.719, p< 0.001), correlation of LS with CPA (r=0.441, p< 0.001) and HP/Amino Acids (r=0.414, p< 0.001) was weaker. Both variables expressing liver collagen content showed good correlation with each other (r=0.574, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression identified the strongest association between LS and HVPG (p < 0.0001) and weaker association of LS with CPA (p = 0.01883). Stepwise modelling showed minimal increase in r2 after addition of CPA to HVPG (0.5073 vs. 0.5513). The derived formula expressing LS value formation is: LS = 2.48 + (1.29 x HVPG) + (0.26 x CPA). We conclude that LS is determined predominantly by HVPG in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis whereas contribution of liver collagen content is relatively low.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elastografie MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza metabolismus patologie patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- játra chemie diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- kolagen analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- portální hypertenze diagnóza patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- portální tlak * MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace jater MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kolagen MeSH
Ellagic acid, a natural substance found in various fruits and nuts, was previously shown to exhibit beneficial effects towards metabolic syndrome. In this study, using a genetic rat model of metabolic syndrome, we aimed to further specify metabolic and transcriptomic responses to ellagic acid treatment. Adult male rats of the SHR-Zbtb16Lx/k.o. strain were fed a high-fat diet accompanied by daily intragastric gavage of ellagic acid (50 mg/kg body weight; high-fat diet-ellagic acid (HFD-EA) rats) or vehicle only (high-fat diet-control (HFD-CTL) rats). Morphometric and metabolic parameters, along with transcriptomic profile of liver and brown and epididymal adipose tissues, were assessed. HFD-EA rats showed higher relative weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and decreased weight of epididymal adipose tissue, although no change in total body weight was observed. Glucose area under the curve, serum insulin, and cholesterol levels, as well as the level of oxidative stress, were significantly lower in HFD-EA rats. The most differentially expressed transcripts reflecting the shift induced by ellagic acid were detected in BAT, showing downregulation of BAT activation markers Dio2 and Nr4a1 and upregulation of insulin-sensitizing gene Pla2g2a. Ellagic acid may provide a useful nutritional supplement to ameliorate features of metabolic syndrome, possibly by suppressing oxidative stress and its effects on brown adipose tissue.
- Klíčová slova
- brown adipose tissue, ellagic acid, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress,
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků MeSH
- epididymis MeSH
- hnědá tuková tkáň chemie MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyselina ellagová aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza MeSH
- metabolický syndrom genetika metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- RNA analýza MeSH
- transkriptom účinky léků MeSH
- tuková tkáň chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- kyselina ellagová MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- RNA MeSH
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have biomedical and biotechnological applications in magnetic imaging, drug-delivery, magnetic separation and purification. The biocompatibility of such particles may be improved by covering them with coating. In presented paper the biochemical anomalies of liver and kidney occurring in animals exposed to d-mannitol-coated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (M-IONPs) were examined with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The dose of IONPs used in the study was significantly lower than those used so far in other research. Liver and kidney tissue sections were analysed by chemical mapping of infrared absorption bands originating from proteins, lipids, compounds containing phosphate groups, cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Changes in content and/or structure of the selected biomolecules were evaluated by comparison of the results obtained for animals treated with M-IONPs with those from control group. Biochemical analysis of liver samples demonstrated a few M-IONPs induced anomalies in the organ, mostly concerning the relative content of the selected compounds. The biomolecular changes, following exposition to nanoparticles, were much more intense within the kidney tissue. Biochemical aberrations found in the organ samples indicated at increase of tissue density, anomalies in fatty acids structure as well as changes in relative content of lipids and proteins. The simultaneous accumulation of lipids, phosphate groups as well as cholesterol and cholesterol esters in kidneys of rats exposed to IONPs may indicate that the particles stimulated formation of lipid droplets within the organ.
- MeSH
- cholesterol chemie metabolismus MeSH
- fosfáty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- injekce intravenózní MeSH
- játra chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny chemie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lipidy chemie MeSH
- magnetické nanočástice oxidů železa aplikace a dávkování chemie toxicita MeSH
- mannitol chemie MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholesterol MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- mannitol MeSH
Lead oxide nanoparticles (PbONPs), upon their entry into the lungs via inhalation, induce structural changes in primary and secondary target organs. The fate and ultrastructural localization of PbONPs in organs is known to be dependent on the specific organ. Here, we focused on the differences in the ability to clear the inhaled PbONPs from secondary target organs and on molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to nanoparticle removal. Mice were exposed to PbONPs in whole-body inhalation chambers. Clearance of ionic lead and PbONPs (Pb/PbONPs) from the lungs and liver was very effective, with the lead being almost completely eliminated from the lungs and the physiological state of the lung tissue conspicuously restored. Kidneys exposed to nanoparticles did not exhibit serious signs of damage; however, LA-ICP-MS uncovered a certain amount of lead located preferentially in the kidney cortex even after a clearance period. The concentration of lead in femurs, as representatives of the axial skeleton, was the highest among studied organs at all designated time points after PbONP exposure, and the clearance ability of lead from the femurs was very low in contrast to other organs. The organ-specific increase of ABC transporters expression (ABCG2 in lungs and ABCC3 in the liver) was observed in exposed animals, suggesting their involvement in removing Pb/PbONPs from tissues. Moreover, the expression of caveolins and clathrin displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. Our results uncovered high variability among the organs in their ability to clear Pb/PbONPs and in the transporters involved in this process.
- Klíčová slova
- ABC transporters, LA-ICP-MS imaging, caveolins, clearance, inhalation, lead oxide, nanoparticles,
- MeSH
- játra chemie metabolismus MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanočástice aplikace a dávkování chemie metabolismus MeSH
- olovo aplikace a dávkování chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oxidy aplikace a dávkování chemie metabolismus MeSH
- plíce chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lead oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- membránové transportní proteiny MeSH
- olovo MeSH
- oxidy MeSH
DDT isomers were detected in all the liver and muscle samples of Greenland sharks Somniosus microcephalus (n = 15) caught in Greenland seawaters. The mean concentrations of ΣDDTs (sum of o,p' and p,p' DDT, DDD, and DDE isomers) were 1094 ± 818 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in the muscle and 761 ± 416 ng/g lw in the liver. The p,p'-DDE accounted for 48% ± 41% and 53% ± 54% of the total DDT residue in the white muscle and liver, respectively. The lipid content was 48% ± 10% in the muscle and 43% ± 17% in the liver. Female sharks showed the highest concentrations of ΣDDTs. The youngest shark showed higher concentrations of ΣDDTs in the liver than the older sharks. To our knowledge, this is one of the few investigations on DDT levels in S. microcephalus where concentrations were correlated to lipid content and sex/size.
- Klíčová slova
- DDT isomers, Gender differences, Greenland shark, Lipid content, Size differences,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- DDT analýza MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- kosterní svaly chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- mořská voda MeSH
- žraloci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Grónsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- DDT MeSH
