• MeSH
• klinické kompetence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání * MeSH
• urgentní lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Communication skills comprises components of interpersonal activities which have as a rule are favourably affected. They include listening, which means to perceive sensitively all components of the patient's verbal manifestations; the ability of empathy is very important. We characterize it in Rogers sense i.e. trying to understand the mental state of the other subjects. The fundamental communication skill of the doctor is manifested understanding. Some skills are to a certain extent non-verbal such as interest in the patient or respect of him. Finally the author deals with the role of specific advice given to the patient when psychological problems have to be resolved.

• MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Curriculum of medicine on most of medical faculties reshapes rapidly in last decades. The main afford aims to reform the classic curriculum so that students would be able to enter actively the teaching process and acquire the theoretic knowledge in course of solving practical medical problems. This trend led to complete restructuring of medical curriculum on Mcmaster university in Canada and Maastricht university in the Netherlands. Further medical faculties introduce since early eighties workshops on communication skills. Those skills create and maintain the doctor-patient relationship, gather the relevant verbal information and contribute to the solution of the problem. Workshops on communication skills use video feedback and feedback provided by the group. The role playing, simulated patients and the real patients are used. It is essential for the productivity of learning process to have an nondirective supportive teacher and to make students responsible for the progress. The First Medical Faculty of the Charles University adopted the teaching model developed on basis of experience with postgraduate education of general practitioners.

• MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• studium lékařství * MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Swimming and the skills associated with participation in the aquatic environment tend to be an integral part of the movement literacy complex. Non-participation then affects the safety of movement in the aquatic environment and may also be the reason for the limitation of movement, psychological, and social development compared to peers. METHODS: This study is a single-subject research study. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a seven-week intervention program of the Halliwick method in the development of aquatic skills, gross motor skills, and mental skills relevant for aquatic competence for children with autism spectrum disorder. Seven children with autism spectrum disorder participated in swimming classes for a two-week baseline period and a seven-week intervention program of the Halliwick method, one time per week. To measure the effect in the field of aquatic skills, we used the Alyn Water Orientation Test 1. To determine the level of gross motor skills, we used the Gross Motor Function Measure test. RESULTS: There was an improvement in aquatic skills and gross motor skills in seven participants; two of them did not improve in mental adjustment oriented to the breathing control sections in the water.

• Klíčová slova
• adapted physical activity, aquatic training, gross motor skills, mental skills, therapeutic effect,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• plavání psychologie   MeSH
• poruchy autistického spektra * terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• sociální dovednosti MeSH
• voda MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• voda MeSH

Consistent with new trends in medical training the First Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague included in its curriculum of general medicine a mandatory programme devoted to communication skills. The main objective is to teach students to establish valuable contact with the patient and elucidate the problem presented by the patient. Another objective is to show the therapeutic potential of a well conducted interview. All hitherto trained students who attended the classes on communication skills acquired within the repertoire of skills used in discussions with patients the skill of a non-directive interview focused on elucidation of the problem on which the patient saw his doctor. It proved possible to demonstrate that integration of theoretical knowledge into practical procedures used in diagnosis, treatment and supportive psychotherapy of somatic and psychosomatic diseases and reactive conditions is a relatively demanding and long-term process which can be mastered during training which uses acting (simulated doctor, simulated patient) and feedback by videorecording.

• MeSH
• anamnéza MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studium lékařství * MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Purpose of this study was to determine what key aspects of function should be incorporated to make up a pre-intervention assessment profile of a child with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD); more specifically, what aspects of functioning are implicated in DCD and what is their relative impact? METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, for which Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Proquest were searched (last update: April 2023, PROSPERO: CRD42023461619). Case-control studies were included to determine point estimates for performances on field-based tests in different domains of functioning. The risk of bias was assessed, and the level of evidence was estimated. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled standardized mean differences for domains of functioning and subgrouping was done for clinically relevant subdomains. Heterogeneity was determined with I2. RESULTS: 121 papers were included for analyses. Data of 5923 children with DCD were included (59.8% boys) and 23 619 Typically Developing (TD) children (45.8% boys). The mean (SD) age of the DCD group was 10.3y (1.2) and 9.3y (1.3) for the TD children. Moderate evidence was found for motor performance, executive functions, sensory processing and perceptions, cognitive functions and sports and leisure activities to be affected in children with DCD. CONCLUSION: Differences between the two groups varied per domain of functioning. This emphasizes the diversity present within children with DCD and provides a rationale for explaining the heterogeneity in this patient group. Yet, results highlight the potential involvement of all these domains and call for clinicians to be alert not only to examine motor skill difficulties but also other aspects of function. Results indicate the need to develop an individualized pre-intervention multi-dimensional assessment profile for each child with DCD. It also supports the important role that clinicians play in an interdisciplinary team to tackle the difficulties encountered by children with DCD.

• Klíčová slova
• Developmental coordination disorder, Profiling, “Motor skills disorders” [mesh terms],
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností * patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The purpose of this study was to adapt the MABC-2 Checklist to Czech primary schools by examining of its content validity and feasibility. The content validity achieved the satisfactory level in the second round of panels of experts on child motor development. The evidence on feasibility was obtained from classroom teachers who described this tool as clear, objective and having logical structure and its administration as comprehensible and fast. The MABC-2 Checklist is applicable instrument for the Czech school environment, but its adaptation to various countries should consider the items representing the common motor skills in local children.

• Klíčová slova
• Content validity, Developmental Coordination Disorder, MABC-2 Checklist, feasibility, motor assessment, primary school,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• ergoterapie * MeSH
• kontrolní seznam MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností * diagnóza   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• školy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Previous studies have supported the advantages of an external focus of attention (EFA) relative to an internal focus of attention (IFA) in healthly adults. However, effects of attentional focus instructions on skill performance and acquisition in children are equivocal. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of attentional focus instructions on performance of a whole body coordination task in children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS: Children with DCD (n = 18) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 21) (9-10 years) were asked to perform 3 countermovement vertical jumps in the IFA (Concentrate on the swing of your arms), EFA (Concentrate on getting as close to the ceiling as possible), and control conditions. RESULTS: The results showed that regardless of children's motor development proficiency, the jump height and vertical take-off velocity (VTO) were higher in EFA relative to both IFA and Con conditions. In addition, VTO was significantly higher in the Con relative to IFA condition. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study showed that EFA relative to IFA instructions could enhance the neuromuscular activation of dynamic contractions of the leg muscles in both children with and without DCD. The findings suggest that the beneficial effects of EFA relative to IFA instructions on children's motor performance is identical across children with different levels of motor proficiency.

• Klíčová slova
• Attention, Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), Jumping, Motor performance,
• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti * MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• pozornost * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Despite the widespread use of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (MABC-2), little is known about the sensitivity or specificity of the individual items to detect probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (p-DCD). This study examined which specific MABC-2 items were most sensitive to identify children with p-DCD and which items would predict p-DCD. METHODS: Based on a large dataset including European and African children aged 3-16 years (n = 4916, typically developing (TD, 49.6 % boys); n = 822 p-DCD (53.1 % boys), Hedges' g was calculated to establish the standardized mean difference (SMD) between p-DCD/TD. SMDs were considered substantial when absolute values at or above 1.4. Sensitivity and specificity of the raw MABC-2 item scores predicting p-DCD/TD per age band (AB) were established with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: AB1: Children with p-DCD performed substantially poorer on threading beads (SMD: -1.61) and jumping on mats (SMD: 1.61). By combining all items and the country of origin, the sensitivity was 61.7 % and specificity 98.6 %. AB2: Walking heel-to-toe forwards (SMD: 1.65) was substantially poorer in p-DCD. By combining all items and the country of origin, the sensitivity was 79.0 % and specificity 97.6 %. AB3: Catching a ball with the preferred (SMD: 1.8) or non-preferred (SMD: 1.61) hand, and for walking heel-to-toe backwards (SMD: 1.78) were substantially poorer in p-DCD. All items combined resulted in a sensitivity of 94.4 % and specificity of 99.6 %. CONCLUSION: Not all MABC-2 items are equally sensitive to distinguish between performances of p-DCD and TD. Despite the good specificity, the sensitivity was only moderate in AB1-2, the age at which children learn culturally influenced motor skills.

• Klíčová slova
• Developmental coordination disorder, Motor competence, Movement assessment battery for children, Sensitivity,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické dovednosti * MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností * diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition (MABC-2) is a test of motor development, widely used in clinical and research settings. To address which motor abilities are actually captured by the motor tasks in the two age versions of the MABC-2, the AB2 for 7- 10-year-olds and the AB3 for 11- 16-year-olds, we examined AB2 and AB3 factorial validity. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (SPSS AMOS 22.0) on data from the test's standardization samples of children aged 7-10, n = 483, and 11-16, n = 674, in order to find the best fitting models. The covariance matrix of AB2 and AB3 fit a three-factor model that included tasks of manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance. However, factor analytic models fitting AB2 and AB3 did not involve the dynamic balance tasks of hopping with the better leg and hopping with the other leg; and the drawing trail showed very low factor validity. In sum, both AB2 and AB3 of the MABC-2 test are able to discriminate between the three specific motor abilities; but due to questionable psychometric quality, the drawing trail and hopping tasks should be modified to improve the construct validity for both age versions of the MABC-2.

• Klíčová slova
• MABC-2 test, children, developmental coordination disorder, factorial validity, motor abilities,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH