AIM: To utilize three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry for visualization of the level of facial asymmetry in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional facial scans of 25 Czech patients with OAVS were processed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to Pruzansky classification. For 13 of them, second 3D facial scans were obtained. The 3D facial scans were processed using geometric morphometry. Soft tissue facial asymmetry in the sagittal plane and its changes in two time spots were visualized using colour-coded maps with a thermometre-like scale. RESULTS: Individual facial asymmetry was visualized in all patients as well as the mean facial asymmetry for every Pruzansky subgroup. The mean colour-coded maps of type I and type IIA subgroups showed no differences in facial asymmetry, more pronounced asymmetry in the middle and the lower facial third was found between type IIA and type IIB (maximum 1.5 mm) and between type IIB and type III (maximum 2 mm). The degree of intensity facial asymmetry in affected middle and lower facial thirds did not change distinctly during the two time spots in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D geometric morphometry in OAVS patients could be a useful tool for objective facial asymmetry assessment in patients with OAVS. The calculated colour-coded maps are illustrative and useful for clinical evaluation.

• Klíčová slova
• facial soft tissue asymmetry, geometric morphometry, oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum, three‐dimensional scanning,
• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Goldenharův syndrom * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kefalometrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The plaque variant of trichoblastoma has been described as a solitary tumor with diffuse infiltration of the lower dermis and hypodermis, with poorly defined borders. Herein, we report a new variant of multiple centrofacial trichoblastoma. OBJECT: To describe clinical and pathological features of a new multiple kind of plaque variant of centrofacial trichoblastoma. METHODS: Case series of patients with a multiple-plaque variant of centrofacial trichoblastoma treated in our department between 2005 and 2017. We identified eight patients with the centrofacial plaque variant of trichoblastoma treated in our department from 2005 to 2017. RESULTS: The final study sample comprised 13 trichoblastomas from four patients. All patients also developed at least one basal cell carcinoma. Mohs surgery was the method of treatment in the majority of the cases of trichoblastoma and in all the cases of basal cell carcinoma. We needed between 2 and 6 stages to obtain free margins in our cases of facial plaque trichoblastomas treated by Mohs surgery. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, a multiple-plaque variant of trichoblastoma has not been described in the literature. We suggest a genetic origin of this variant of trichoblastoma and describe its remarkable infiltrative nature, with poorly defined surgical margins.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mohsova operace MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci vlasů patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vlasový folikul patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Facial attractiveness is an important factor in our social interactions. It is still not entirely clear which factors influence the attractiveness of a face and facial asymmetry appears to play a certain role. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between facial attractiveness and regional facial asymmetries evaluated on three-dimensional (3D) images. METHODS: 3D facial images of 59 (23 male, 36 female) young adult patients (age 16-25 years) before orthodontic treatment were evaluated for asymmetry. The same 3D images were presented to 12 lay judges who rated the attractiveness of each subject on a 100mm visual analogue scale. Reliability of the method was assessed with Bland-Altman plots and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: All subjects showed a certain amount of asymmetry in all regions of the face; most asymmetry was found in the chin and cheek areas and less in the lip, nose and forehead areas. No statistically significant differences in regional facial asymmetries were found between male and female subjects (P > 0.05). Regression analyses demonstrated that the judgement of facial attractiveness was not influenced by absolute regional facial asymmetries when gender, facial width-to-height ratio and type of malocclusion were controlled (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS: A potential limitation of the study could be that other biologic and cultural factors influencing the perception of facial attractiveness were not controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: A small amount of asymmetry was present in all subjects assessed in this study, and asymmetry of this magnitude may not influence the assessment of facial attractiveness.

• MeSH
• anatomická značka MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• brada patologie   MeSH
• čelo patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estetika stomatologická * MeSH
• fotogrammetrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malokluze patologie   MeSH
• mínění MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nos patologie   MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• tvář patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Radio frequency (RF) and chemical peels have been used for nonablative skin rejuvenation. Both of these cause collagen remodeling in the dermis and neo-collagen formation resulting in facial rejuvenation. There is limited literature on the evaluation of collagen remodeling by objective methods. OBJECTIVE: To compare the benefits of monopolar radiofrequency and glycolic acid peels in facial rejuvenation with regards to histopathology and Ultrabiomicroscopic sonography (UBM). METHODOLOGY: In this study, forty patients with mild to moderate photoaging received four treatments with 3 weeks interval of monopolar radiofrequency on one side of face and glycolic acid peels in increasing concentrations (NeostrataR) on the other side. Pre and post treatment, 2 mm biopsies were taken from both preauricular areas and Ultrasonography using a 35 MHz probe was done from outer canthus of eye and nasolabial folds from both sides of face. A blinded assessment was done to measure the increase in the grenz zone and dermal thickness. RESULTS: In 35/40 patients there was a significant increase in the grenz zone on histopathology and decrease in subepidermal low-echogenic band (SLEB) on UBM of the nasolabial folds on both sides of the face (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency and chemical peels showed equal efficacy in the treatment of facial rejuvenation.

• Klíčová slova
• Chemical peels, Grenz zone, Radiofrequency, SLEB,
• MeSH
• chemická exfoliace metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrostimulační terapie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• glykoláty aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• keratolytika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej * patologie   MeSH
• omlazení * MeSH
• rádiové vlny * MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• stárnutí kůže * účinky léků   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glycolic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• glykoláty MeSH
• keratolytika MeSH

Results of a comparison of the outcomes of treatment of cleft lip and palate can be affected by growth characteristics of populations from which subjects with the clefts are derived. Moreover, conventional cephalometric techniques used in cleft studies for analysis of facial morphology provide only a partial description of shape and are confounded by biases regarding the reference structures. In this retrospective comparison, craniofacial morphology of preadolescent patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Warsaw (n = 35, age = 10.6 years, SD = 1.2), Prague (n = 38, age = 11.6 years, SD = 1.4), and Bratislava (n = 26, age = 10.5 years, SD = 1.6) were evaluated on cephalograms with the cephalometric method used in the Eurocleft study and geometric morphometrics. We found that patients treated in Warsaw showed slightly more favorable outcomes than in Prague and Bratislava. The differences were related primarily to the position of maxillary alveolar process, cranial base, mandibular angle, and soft tissues. Although no association between a component of treatment protocol and the outcome was found, it is possible that organizational factors such as participation of high-volume, experienced surgeons contributed to these results.

• Klíčová slova
• Cephalometrics, Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Geometric morphometrics, Morphology, Slavs,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• etnicita statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kefalometrie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula patologie   MeSH
• maxila patologie   MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   patologie   MeSH
• processus alveolaris patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rozštěp patra patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Assess facial asymmetry in subjects with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), and unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP), and to evaluate which area of the face is most asymmetrical. METHODS: Standardized three-dimensional facial images of 58 patients (9 UCL, 21 UCLA, and 28 UCLP; age range: 8.6-12.3 years) and 121 controls (age range 9-12 years) were mirrored and distance maps were created. Absolute mean asymmetry values were calculated for the whole face, cheek, nose, lips, and chin. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and t-test were used to assess the differences between clefts and controls for the whole face and separate areas. RESULTS: Clefts and controls differ significantly for the whole face as well as in all areas. Asymmetry is distributed differently over the face for all groups. In UCLA, the nose was significantly more asymmetric compared with chin and cheek (P = 0.038 and 0.024, respectively). For UCL, significant differences in asymmetry between nose and chin and chin and cheek were present (P = 0.038 and 0.046, respectively). In the control group, the chin was the most asymmetric area compared to lip and nose (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively) followed by the nose (P = 0.004). In UCLP, the nose, followed by the lips, was the most asymmetric area compared to chin, cheek (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). LIMITATIONS: Despite division into regional areas, the method may still exclude or underrate smaller local areas in the face, which are better visualized in a facial colour coded distance map than quantified by distance numbers. The UCL subsample is small. CONCLUSION: Each type of cleft has its own distinct asymmetry pattern. Children with unilateral clefts show more facial asymmetry than children without clefts.

• MeSH
• anatomická značka patologie   MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje klasifikace   MeSH
• brada patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotogrammetrie metody   MeSH
• kefalometrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nos patologie   MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• processus alveolaris abnormality   MeSH
• ret patologie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra klasifikace   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu klasifikace   MeSH
• tvář patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for evaluating cleft palate treatments are mostly based on two-dimensional (2D) evaluation, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods to assess treatment outcome are steadily rising. OBJECTIVE: To identify 3D imaging methods for quantitative assessment of soft tissue and skeletal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate. DATA SOURCES: Literature was searched using PubMed (1948-2012), EMBASE (1980-2012), Scopus (2004-2012), Web of Science (1945-2012), and the Cochrane Library. The last search was performed September 30, 2012. Reference lists were hand searched for potentially eligible studies. There was no language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: We included publications using 3D imaging techniques to assess facial soft tissue or skeletal morphology in patients older than 5 years with a cleft lip with/or without cleft palate. We reviewed studies involving the facial region when at least 10 subjects in the sample size had at least one cleft type. Only primary publications were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Independent extraction of data and quality assessments were performed by two observers. RESULTS: Five hundred full text publications were retrieved, 144 met the inclusion criteria, with 63 high quality studies. There were differences in study designs, topics studied, patient characteristics, and success measurements; therefore, only a systematic review could be conducted. Main 3D-techniques that are used in cleft lip and palate patients are CT, CBCT, MRI, stereophotogrammetry, and laser surface scanning. These techniques are mainly used for soft tissue analysis, evaluation of bone grafting, and changes in the craniofacial skeleton. Digital dental casts are used to evaluate treatment and changes over time. CONCLUSION: Available evidence implies that 3D imaging methods can be used for documentation of CLP patients. No data are available yet showing that 3D methods are more informative than conventional 2D methods. Further research is warranted to elucidate it.

• MeSH
• chorobopisy - počítačové systémy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• obličejové kosti patologie   MeSH
• PubMed MeSH
• rozštěp patra patologie   MeSH
• rozštěp rtu patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• zubní odlitky - technika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK) resembles lentigo maligna (LM) clinically and histopathologically in some cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe the dermatoscopical characteristics of this uncommon variant of actinic keratosis and evaluate whether these characteristics show common features with LM. OBSERVATIONS: We had the opportunity to examine a 78-year-old woman who presented with a PAK lesion on her face dermatoscopically and histopathologically. The pigmented pseudo-network had black and gray dust in some areas, which were the main dermatoscopical features. The pigmented pseudo-network was formed by an unhomogenous brown background interrupted by regularly distributed hair follicules. The hyperpigmentation was based not only on an increased presence of melanin within the keratinocytes in the basal and spinous layers of epidermis, but also an intensive apoptosis of keratinocytes connected to numerous melanophages. CONCLUSIONS: The dermatoscopical picture of PAK in this patient was practically indistinguishable from the early stage of LM. The authors considered that the pigmented atypical melanocytes' role in LM presenting as black dots in the dermatoscopical picture was displayed by the individually pigmented keratinocytes in PAK. The groups of melanophages presenting as gray dust were present in PAK similarly to their presentation in LM. The character of the pigmented pseudo-network is the same in the both afflictions. There is a need to examine other cases of PAK in order to decide whether our case represents a general pattern of the dermatoscopical picture.

• MeSH
• dermatoskopie MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• keratóza diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory kůže diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• pigmentový névus diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The recent use of antiretroviral drugs in people with HIV infection produced a drastic reduction in mortality and a remarkable improvement in the quality of life for these patients. However the aesthetic and psychological consequences that come from the reorganization of the adipose tissue induced by these drugs (facial wasting, buffalo hump) may reduce this state of wellbeing. METHODS: Our group, in cooperation with the 3rd Division of Infective Diseases of the University of Rome "La Sapienza", decided to evaluate the efficacy of polylactic acid (PLA) in combating these problems in HIV positive patients undergoing treatment with antiretroviral drugs in an evaluating study of 4 cases. The evaluation of the obtained results was performed by follow-up at one, three, six and twelve months from the first infiltration and considering the clinical evaluation, the photographical documentation and the patient's judgement. RESULTS: In all cases we obtained an improvement of the local condition with the restoration of a more booming aspect. The change was noted both within the family and the work environment. In the first three cases the results were considered as optimal by both the operators and the patients. In the fourth case the result was evaluated as discreet (a remarkable loss of weight of the patient in the months following the treatment should be taken into consideration). CONCLUSIONS: We think a new study with ultrasonography of dermal thickness before, during and after the treatment is necesary. This study will give a more reliable evaluation of the product efficacy.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• polymery terapeutické užití   MeSH
• syndrom lipodystrofie spojený s HIV farmakoterapie   MeSH
• vysoce aktivní antiretrovirová terapie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• poly(lactide) MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery MeSH
• polymery MeSH

X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of the configuration of the skeletal and soft tissue profile in 81 adult males with isolated cleft palate. They were assessed in three subgroups, i. e. with complete and incomplete clefts and with clefts of the soft palate alone and were compared with a matched group of controls consisting of 50 normal males, as well as with the situation in the earlier examined series with unilateral cleft lip and palate. In isolated cleft palate both the upper and lower jaws were retruded. The maxilla was most markedly retruded in incomplete clefts and most slightly in clefts of the soft palate alone, while the mandible showed the smallest degree of retrusion in complete clefts. The configuration of the skeletal profile was similar as in unilateral cleft lip and palate, yet positive overjet was on the average restored in all types of isolated cleft palate. A more favourable configuration of the profile was present in patients with cleft soft palate alone, in the absence of an impairment of sagittal jaw relations. Changes in the configuration of the soft profile were due mainly to skeletal deviations. The retrusion of skeletal framework of the middle face was to a large degree masked by the larger thickness of the upper lip, in complete clefts also of the lower lip. Therefore the prominence of the upper lip was only slightly impaired and slight flattening of the face occurred only in complete clefts. The more horizontal slope of the columella resulted in a reduction of the nasolabial angle. Some deviations from the described pattern occurred in clefts of the soft palate alone (steeper slope of the upper lip with an unchanged nasolabial angle, normal thickness of the upper lip a. o.). The findings are suggestive of a differing facial physiognomy in isolated cleft palate.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kefalometrie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej patologie   MeSH
• rozštěp patra patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH