The article presents the results of a study based on an expert survey of senior management and leading experts of enterprises for the production of medicines in Ukraine and typical problematic aspects of implementing environmental management systems (EMS). It was found that among the enterprises whose respondents took part in the survey, only 25% implemented EMS and passed the certification procedure following the requirements of ISO 14001. A significant problem identified is the lack of influential information tools and methodological developments for the implementation, operation, and benefits of EMS in pharmaceutical production, especially to ensure processes regarding the readiness of enterprises to respond to emergencies. Insufficient support was noted, particularly in regulatory and financial incentives, and no benefits could encourage more efficient greening of pharmaceutical production. The negative consequence is the lack of interest of small and medium enterprises in investing in new technologies and sustainable business practices to reduce environmental pressures. EMS should be implemented as a part of the overall management system of the enterprise to manage environmental aspects, meet mandatory legal requirements and voluntary commitments in accordance with the objectives and environmental policy of the enterprise, as well as to address risks and opportunities. It is important to note the urgency of developing theoretical and methodological principles of design, implementation, and further development of EMS to increase the environmental efficiency of the enterprise, greening in medicines production, and achieving sustainable development goals.

• Klíčová slova
• EMAS, EMS, ISO 14001, environmental aspects, environmental management system, pharmaceutical company, production of medicines,
• MeSH
• farmacie * MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ukrajina MeSH
• Názvy látek
• léčivé přípravky MeSH

There has been enormous pollution and biodegradation of environment in Poland as the consequence of industrialization developed regardless the principles of sustainable development. In the recent years, the decrease of total emission of air pollution caused by gases and dust, the decrease of emission of unprocessed sewage and industrial waste can be seen. These facts are the consequences of economic recession which have appeared in Poland along with economic transformation. However, there is still significant escalation of environmental pollution, in so-called areas of ecological hazards. There are heavily industrialized and urbanized areas covering about 10% of the total country area but inhabited by over 30% of the total country population. The significant environmental pollution goes together with deterioration of the country's health situation what can be seen in shortening the average lifetime expectancy, increased frequency of cardiovascular diseases and cancers and higher infants death rate in comparison to other European countries. Considering the complexity of the factors affecting the population's health status, the basis of the health and environmental policy conceived in order to stop and alter the unwanted health condition tendencies and the environmental quality have been shown here.

• MeSH
• environmentální zdraví * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• politika MeSH
• průmysl * MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

OBJECTIVE: A residential environment refers to the physical and social characteristics in a neighbourhood. The physical characteristics include interior housing qualities, exterior neighbourhood characteristics, and the accessibility of essential facilities and services outside the neighbourhood. Older adults especially may be vulnerable to the negative impacts of the residential environment. The aim of this study is to elucidate the problems ageing people face in their neighbourhoods, buildings and public areas. METHODS: The study group consisted of a total of 1,001 people over the age of 65 who were admitted to physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics in Turkey and consented to participate. A questionnaire covering demographic, social and environmental information was used. RESULTS: Of the study group, 58.6% was living in an apartment building, but only 23.6% of these buildings had an elevator, and the stairs were inconvenient in 46.7% of the buildings. Only 49% of the elderly people went for a walk regularly. The most frequent complaint about the hospitals, community health centres and other public areas was the inappropriate restroom conditions. Eighty-six percent of the study group were not members of an organization, a foundation or a group, and 73.6% did not have personal hobbies. CONCLUSIONS: The layouts of buildings and surroundings are inappropriate for older people, and the opportunities for them to participate in social activities are limited. Health and social programmes and governmental and local policies for older people are needed, and public awareness about this issue should be raised.

• Klíčová slova
• aged population, environment, social life,
• MeSH
• ambulantní zařízení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• fyziatrie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: To predict the fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment, several aspects have to be considered carefully: their basic physical and chemical properties, distribution, transport within and among compartments, biotic and abiotic transformation processes, as well as effects on living organisms including humans. Laboratory simulation of the processes that control the chemical behavior of organic compounds in the environment is often desirable for deeper understanding, as well as for determination of basic characteristics required for successful environmental modeling. However, laboratory exercises targeted on the simulations of environmental processes are very rare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Practical training was designed as a supplement to the course of Environmental Chemistry. The whole course consists of seven experiments in a logical sequence-partition coefficient (n-octanol-water), Henry's Law Constant, soil sorption, volatilization from soil, bioaccumulation, photochemical degradation and microbial degradation. The objective is to gain knowledge of the principal physical processes, by which chemicals move, concentrate and dissipate, as well as of the principal routes of biotic and abiotic degradation. RESULTS: New practical course reflecting current topics and approaches of environmental chemistry was introduced to M.S. students at Masaryk University in 2004. Detailed description of the course including experimental techniques is provided in this article. DISCUSSION: Lab course employs basic techniques for the study of environmental processes to strengthen links between the theory taught in the lectures of Environmental Chemistry, laboratory simulations, and processes in the real word. CONCLUSIONS: A significant effort towards developing this laboratory exercise was devoted with the goal of providing a context for teaching both fundamental theories and environmental techniques, strengthening the link between the theory and processes in the real world, providing a scientific background for understanding the environmental problems, challenging the students with the experience of simulating the physical, chemical, and biological processes that control contaminant fate and transport in the environment, showing the students importance of the interdisciplinary approach and giving the students a taste of the excitement and challenge of the research in real conditions. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The laboratory course was taught with a great success, and it became a part of recommended study plans for M.S. students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology. Suggested experiments proved to be suitable for simulation of biotic and abiotic transformations, bioaccumulation, as well as distribution and transport processes in a student laboratory with good reproducibility and accuracy. The response of the students was very positive.

• MeSH
• ekologie výchova   MeSH
• kurikulum MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH

The subject of our investigation was the visual features of wing color with special focus on the UV reflectance in the green-veined white butterfly (Pieris napi). Previous studies had concluded that UV reflectance on dorsal wing surfaces is found only in the female P. napi. Based on UV sensitive photography, we analyzed a correlation between 12 geographic and environmental factors and UV reflectance patterns on 3 patches on the forewings of 407 P. napi specimens from the Palaearctic region. Results had shown that females significantly differ from males: they exhibit a 25% higher UV reflectance. To investigate whether and how UV reflectance levels on the forewings and hindwings of both sexes are influenced by the environment, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA) with several environmental variables. For several variables (in particular, latitude and longitude, mean annual temperature and precipitation, and temperature annual range and altitude), the generalized linear model (GLM) model revealed a significant correlation in both sexes. This suggests a link between UV reflectance levels and the environment and distribution of P. napi. We found that stronger UV reflectance is associated with generally more hostile environments and concluded that large-scale environmental factors influence the UV reflectance on the forewings of both male and female green-veined white butterflies.

• Klíčová slova
• Palaearctic, UV photography, UV reflectance, geographical variation, green-veined white,
• MeSH
• motýli * MeSH
• pigmentace * MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper focuses on the measurement and assessment of absorbed doses of radiation in caves of the Czech Republic, some of which exhibit high activity concentration of radon in air. Presented is an analysis and recommendations based on measurement results obtained in the underground caves over the past 12 y. The most important results for cave environments were as follows: integral radon monitoring using RAMARN detectors can provide more consistent results for calculating the effective dose; no major differences were shown in the average radon activity concentration during working time as opposed to non-working time; the unattached fraction of radioactive particles in air ranged from 0.03 to 0.6, with arithmetical average fp = 0.13; the direct dependence between equilibrium factor F and the size of the unattached fraction fp was described using the Log-Power expression ln(1/fp) = a*ln(1/F)(b); the calculated values for coefficients a and b were 1.85 and -1.096, respectively. The individual cave factor for each investigated underground area was calculated.

• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• alfa částice MeSH
• geologické sedimenty MeSH
• jeskyně * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• pracovní expozice MeSH
• radiační expozice MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• speleoterapie MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• změna skupenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aerosoly MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• radon MeSH

Climate change is expected to strongly affect freshwater fish communities. Combined with other anthropogenic drivers, the impacts may alter species spatio-temporal distributions and contribute to population declines and local extinctions. To provide timely management and conservation of fishes, it is relevant to identify species that will be most impacted by climate change and those that will be resilient. Species traits are considered a promising source of information on characteristics that influence resilience to various environmental conditions and impacts. To this end, we collated life-history traits and climatic niches of 443 European freshwater fish species and compared those identified as susceptible to climate change to those that are considered to be resilient. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in their distribution, life history, and climatic niche, with climate-change-susceptible species being distributed within the Mediterranean region, and being characterized by greater threat levels, lesser commercial relevance, lower vulnerability to fishing, smaller body and range size, and warmer thermal envelopes. Based on our results, we establish a list of species of highest priority for further research and monitoring regarding climate-change susceptibility within Europe. The presented approach represents a promising tool to efficiently assess large groups of species regarding their susceptibility to climate change and other threats, and to identify research and management priorities.

• Klíčová slova
• IUCN, Red List, climate change, extinction threat, global warming,
• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• ryby fyziologie   MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zvláštnosti životní historie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

We examined the effect of individual environmental factors on the current spruce tree growth assessed from a repeated country-level statistical landscape (incl. forest) survey in the Czech Republic. An extensive set of variables related to tree size, competition, site characteristics including soil texture, chemistry, N deposition and climate was tested within a random-effect model to explain growth in the conditions of dominantly managed forest ecosystems. The current spruce basal area increment was assessed from two consecutive landscape surveys conducted in 2008/2009 and six years later in 2014/2015. Tree size, age and competition within forest stands were found to be the dominant explanatory variables, whereas the expression of site characteristics, environmental and climatic drives was weaker. The significant site variables affecting growth included soil C/N ratio and soil exchangeable acidity (pH KCl; positive response) reflecting soil chemistry, long-term N-deposition (averaged since 1975) in combination with soil texture (clay content) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a drought index expressing moisture conditions. Sensitivity of growth to N-deposition was positive, although weak. SPI was positively related to and significant in explaining tree growth when expressed for the growth season. Except SPI, no significant relation of growth was determined to altitude-related variables (temperature, growth season length). We identified the current spruce growth optimum at elevations about 800ma.s.l. or higher in the conditions of the country. This suggests that at lower elevations, limitation by a more pronounced water deficit dominates, whereas direct temperature limitation may concern the less frequent higher elevations. The mixed linear model of spruce tree growth explained 55 and 65% of the variability with fixed and random effects included, respectively, and provided new insights on the current spruce tree growth and factors affecting it within the environmental gradients of the country.

• Klíčová slova
• Drought, Environmental change, Managed forest, N-deposition, Norway spruce, Tree increment,
• MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• období sucha MeSH
• podnebí * MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• smrk růst a vývoj   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH
• půda MeSH

The concentrations of twelve heavy metals and trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe, and Al) in bed sediment and river freshwater that received sewage discharge, industrial wastewater inputs and mining residue were discussed. Spatial distribution, intra-annual trends and diffuse flux in 2019 in the middle and lower reaches of Olt River Basin (ORB) were investigated using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). We applied correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify metal distribution relationship within environmental factors (pH, air temperature) and organic matter existing in the ORB. Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios analysis was employed to conclude the possible origin of the contamination. PCA analysis categorized metal presence in the four-component model, which explains 91% (May), 92% (July) and 93% (September) of the variance and indicates the potential origins of pollutants. The HCA and correlation analysis emphasized the relationship between trace elements, heavy metals in water and sediments and physicochemical characteristics of water. It was observed a high discrepancy in metal distribution between riverbed sediments and water body. In September, correlation indices highlighted sparse positive relationship with trace elements in water and mainly negative correlation values with trace elements from sediments. The origin of pollutants in sediments and water appear to be both natural and human-related activities. In all seasons increased the total exchangeable concentration of Ni, Cu and Zn in the sediments downstream sewage treatment plants and upstream of dams. The consideration of environmental factors and physicochemical characteristics of water is required to develop strategies for pollution management, assessment and mitigation in the actual condition of climate change. This study evaluated the heavy metals pollution in the Olt River Basin over three periods in 2019 under human-induced changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Environmental factors, Olt river basin, Source identification, Trace elements,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• geologické sedimenty MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• těžké kovy * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rumunsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH

The contamination of agricultural soils with inorganic (Cu-based) and organic pesticides (including their residues) presents a major environmental and toxicological concern. This review summarizes available studies published on the contamination of vineyard soils throughout the world with Cu-based and synthetic organic fungicides. It focuses on the behavior of these contaminants in vineyard soils and the associated environmental and toxicological risks. The concentrations of Cu in soils exceed the legislative limits valid in the EU in the vast majority of the studied vineyards. Regarding the environmental and toxicological hazards associated with the extensive use of fungicides, the choice of fungicides should be performed carefully according to the physico-chemical properties of the soils and climatic and hydrogeological characteristics of the vine-growing regions.

• MeSH
• fungicidy průmyslové analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• měď analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• půda analýza   MeSH
• rezidua pesticidů analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• víno MeSH
• Vitis MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fungicidy průmyslové MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• měď MeSH
• půda MeSH
• rezidua pesticidů MeSH