European Reference Genome Atlas
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Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics.
- Klíčová slova
- ERGA, European Reference Genome Atlas, biodiversity conservation, conservation genetics,
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- genom * MeSH
- genomika * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A genomic database of all Earth's eukaryotic species could contribute to many scientific discoveries; however, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. In 2018, scientists across the world united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), aiming to produce a database of high-quality reference genomes containing all ~1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) sought to implement a new decentralised, equitable and inclusive model for producing reference genomes. For this, ERGA launched a Pilot Project establishing the first distributed reference genome production infrastructure and testing it on 98 eukaryotic species from 33 European countries. Here we outline the infrastructure and explore its effectiveness for scaling high-quality reference genome production, whilst considering equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational, national genomic resource projects and the EBP.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, and current shortcomings of applications. Most approaches perform best in combination with reference genomes from the target species or closely related species. We review case studies to illustrate how reference genomes can facilitate biodiversity research and conservation across the tree of life. We conclude that the time is ripe to view reference genomes as fundamental resources and to integrate their use as a best practice in conservation genomics.
Somion occarium is a wood-decaying bracket fungus belonging to an order known to be rich in useful chemical compounds. Despite its widespread distribution, S. occarium has been assessed as endangered on at least 1 national Red List, presumably due to loss of old-growth forest habitat. Here, we present a near-complete, annotated nuclear genome assembly for S. occarium consisting of 31 Mbp arranged in 11 pseudochromosomes-9 of which are telomere-to-telomere-as well as a complete mitochondrial genome assembly of 112.9 Kbp. We additionally performed phylogenomic analysis and annotated carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) to compare gene and CAZyme content across closely related species. This genome was sequenced as the representative for Kingdom Fungi in the European Reference Genome Atlas Pilot Project.
- Klíčová slova
- cerrenaceae, polyporales, fungal conservation, saprotroph, white-rot,
- MeSH
- dřevo mikrobiologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom fungální * MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- ohrožené druhy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is a rare autoimmune cause of kidney failure. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for primary MN in 3,782 cases and 9,038 controls of East Asian and European ancestries. We discover two previously unreported loci, NFKB1 (rs230540, OR = 1.25, P = 3.4 × 10-12) and IRF4 (rs9405192, OR = 1.29, P = 1.4 × 10-14), fine-map the PLA2R1 locus (rs17831251, OR = 2.25, P = 4.7 × 10-103) and report ancestry-specific effects of three classical HLA alleles: DRB1*1501 in East Asians (OR = 3.81, P = 2.0 × 10-49), DQA1*0501 in Europeans (OR = 2.88, P = 5.7 × 10-93), and DRB1*0301 in both ethnicities (OR = 3.50, P = 9.2 × 10-23 and OR = 3.39, P = 5.2 × 10-82, respectively). GWAS loci explain 32% of disease risk in East Asians and 25% in Europeans, and correctly re-classify 20-37% of the cases in validation cohorts that are antibody-negative by the serum anti-PLA2R ELISA diagnostic test. Our findings highlight an unusual genetic architecture of MN, with four loci and their interactions accounting for nearly one-third of the disease risk.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- Asijci genetika MeSH
- běloši genetika MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie * MeSH
- interferonové regulační faktory genetika MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membranózní glomerulonefritida diagnóza genetika imunologie MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- NF-kappa B - podjednotka p50 genetika MeSH
- receptory pro fosfolipasy A2 genetika MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Názvy látek
- interferon regulatory factor-4 MeSH Prohlížeč
- interferonové regulační faktory MeSH
- NF-kappa B - podjednotka p50 MeSH
- NFKB1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- PLA2R1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- receptory pro fosfolipasy A2 MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Susceptibility genes and the underlying mechanisms for the majority of risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remain largely unknown. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify putative susceptibility genes. METHODS: Gene-expression prediction models were built using transcriptome and genetic data from the 284 normal transverse colon tissues of European descendants from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and model performance was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 355). We applied the gene-expression prediction models and GWAS data to evaluate associations of genetically predicted gene-expression with CRC risk in 58,131 CRC cases and 67,347 controls of European ancestry. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and knockdown experiments in CRC cells and tumor xenografts were conducted. RESULTS: We identified 25 genes associated with CRC risk at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 9.1 × 10-6, including genes in 4 novel loci, PYGL (14q22.1), RPL28 (19q13.42), CAPN12 (19q13.2), MYH7B (20q11.22), and MAP1L3CA (20q11.22). In 9 known GWAS-identified loci, we uncovered 9 genes that have not been reported previously, whereas 4 genes remained statistically significant after adjusting for the lead risk variant of the locus. Through colocalization analysis in GWAS loci, we additionally identified 12 putative susceptibility genes that were supported by TWAS analysis at P < .01. We showed that risk allele of the lead risk variant rs1741640 affected the promoter activity of CABLES2. Knockdown experiments confirmed that CABLES2 plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals new putative susceptibility genes and provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
- Klíčová slova
- CABLES2, Colorectal Cancer, Susceptibility Genes, TWAS,
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- genový knockdown MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- karcinogeneze genetika MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory epidemiologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely genetické * MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sekvenování transkriptomu MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- xenogenní modely - testy protinádorové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
- Názvy látek
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
