Cutaneous melanoma can produce a wide variety of unusual morphological appearances, sometimes mimicking other tumors. We report on 4 cases of melanoma with carcinoid-like features, namely, arrangement of neoplastic cells in trabecules, ribbons, pseudorosettes, rosettes, and/or small round islands. A total of 10 biopsies from 4 patients were available for a histopathological study comprising congenital nevus, a nodule that had developed in this nevus and its persistence/recurrence, 3 primary cutaneous lesions, 3 metastases, and a recurrent/persistent lesion. In 7 of these 10 lesions, the most characteristic finding was a distinctive arrangement of the neoplastic cells as trabecules, ribbons, pseudorosettes, rosettes, or small round insular islands, thus closely resembling cell arrangement in carcinoids of various organs. All these tumors were positive for melanocytic markers. No neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated immunohistochemically. We conclude that the carcinoid-like pattern in melanoma, namely, the pattern in which neoplastic cells are arranged in trabecules, ribbons, cords, rosettes, pseudorosettes, and small round insular nests resembling those in carcinoids, is a distinctive pattern, which may rarely occur in primary cutaneous melanoma, its recurrence or metastasis, or in a melanoma associated with a large congenital nevus. This morphological type of melanoma may produce a serious diagnostic pitfall, but despite a confusing microscopic appearance, these tumors seem to demonstrate a conventional immunohistochemical profile.

• MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory kůže metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Using killed microorganisms or their parts to stimulate immunity for cancer treatment dates back to the end of 19th century. Since then, it undergone considerable development. Our novel approach binds ligands to the tumor cell surface, which stimulates tumor phagocytosis. The therapeutic effect is further amplified by simultaneous application of agonists of Toll-like receptors. We searched for ligands that induce both a strong therapeutic effect and are safe for humans. METHODS: B16-F10 murine melanoma model was used. For the stimulation of phagocytosis, mannan or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, was covalently bound to tumor cells or attached using hydrophobic anchor. The following agonists of Toll-like receptors were studied: monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), imiquimod (R-837), resiquimod (R-848), poly(I:C), and heat killed Listeria monocytogenes. RESULTS: R-848 proved to be the most suitable Toll-like receptor agonist for our novel immunotherapeutic approach. In combination with covalently bound mannan, R-848 significantly reduced tumor growth. Adding poly(I:C) and L. monocytogenes resulted in complete recovery in 83% of mice and in their protection from the re-transplantation of melanoma cells. CONCLUSION: An efficient cancer treatment results from the combination of Toll-like receptor agonists and phagocytosis stimulating ligands bound to the tumor cells.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer immunotherapy, Innate immunity, Mannan, Melanoma, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Resiquimod,
• MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• imidazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• imunoterapie * metody   MeSH
• infiltrace neutrofily imunologie   MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• mannany imunologie   MeSH
• melanom experimentální MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• neutrofily imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• poly I-C imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita * MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptory agonisté   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• imidazoly MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• mannany MeSH
• poly I-C MeSH
• resiquimod MeSH Prohlížeč
• toll-like receptory MeSH

Immunotherapy emerges as a fundamental approach in cancer treatment. Up to date, the efficacy of numerous different immunotherapies has been evaluated. The use of microorganisms or their parts for immune cell activation, referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), represents highly promising concept. The therapeutic effect of PAMPs can be further amplified by suitable combination of different types of PAMPs such as Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists and phagocytosis activating ligands. Previously, we used the combination of phagocytosis activating ligand (mannan) and mixture of TLR agonists (resiquimod (R-848), poly(I:C), inactivated Listeria monocytogenes) for successful treatment of melanoma in murine B16-F10 model. In the present study, we optimized the composition and timing of previously used mixture. Therapeutic mixture based on well-defined chemical compounds consisted of mannan anchoring to tumor cell surface by biocompatible anchor for membranes (BAM) and TLR agonists resiquimod, poly(I:C), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The optimization resulted in (1) eradication of advanced stage progressive melanoma in 83% of mice, (2) acquisition of resistance to tumor re-transplantation, and (3) potential anti-metastatic effect. After further investigation of mechanisms, underlying anti-tumor responses, we concluded that both innate and adaptive immunity are activated and involved in these processes. We tested the efficacy of our treatment in Panc02 murine model of aggressive pancreatic tumor as well. Simultaneous application of agonistic anti-CD40 antibody was necessary to achieve effective therapeutic response (80% recovery) in this model. Our results suggest that herein presented immunotherapeutic approach is a promising cancer treatment strategy with the ability to eradicate not only primary tumors but also metastases.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer immunotherapy, Melanoma B16-F10, Metastasis, Panc02, Phagocytosis, TLR agonists,
• MeSH
• adenokarcinom imunologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• imidazoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunoterapie MeSH
• kyseliny teichoové terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mannany terapeutické užití   MeSH
• melanom experimentální imunologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní imunologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• neutrofily imunologie   MeSH
• poly I-C terapeutické užití   MeSH
• toll-like receptory agonisté   MeSH
• tumor burden účinky léků   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imidazoly MeSH
• kyseliny teichoové MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• lipoteichoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• mannany MeSH
• poly I-C MeSH
• resiquimod MeSH Prohlížeč
• toll-like receptory MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIM: There were two aims in the present study. The first was to evaluate the usefulness of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) for melanoma detection. The second was to correlate changes of serum levels of IGF1 with the Breslow score and sentinel node metastasis positivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined a group of 216 cases, 77 patients with melanomas and 139 healthy probands. We determined the serum IGF1 levels of each patient using an IRMA radioisotope IGF1 assay kit. Serum samples were collected prior to surgery or any other form of treatment. All melanoma diagnoses were histologically verified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Based on the statistical evaluation between the melanoma group and group of healthy individuals, we observed statistically significant differences in IGF1 serum levels. The median IGF1 levels in the melanoma group was 154.1 ng/ml compared to 111.2 ng/ml in the group of healthy individuals (p=0.0036). The changes of the IGF1 levels related to the Breslow score categories were statistically significant (p=0.0027). Lastly, we compared the results between the positive and negative metastatic affection of the sentinel nodes. The median IGF1 levels in the negative group was 173.5 ng/ml compared to 205.8 ng/ml in the positive group. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.0407). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of IGF1 were significantly higher in patients diagnosed with melanoma compared to the healthy control group. The changes of the IGF1 levels related to the Breslow score categories were statistically significant. Serum levels of IGF1 were significantly higher in the group with the positive metastatic affection of the sentinel nodes than in negative patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Breslow score, IGF1, Melanoma, sentinel node metastasis,
• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy MeSH
• melanom krev   diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH

Glyco-coat changes on cancer cells due to aberrant glycosylation are potential targets for immune recognition through lectin-like receptors on immune cells. These cells include natural killer (NK), CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes, all reported to have, together with cytokines, important functions in antitumor immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role of synthetic monodisperse multivalent neo-glycoconjugates, namely glycodendrimers, as a new approach to anticancer immune modulation through carbohydrate-mediated immune recognition. Octavalent polyamidoamine dendrimers functionalized with N-acetyl-glucosamine residues (PAMAM-GlcNAc8), with in vitro high affinity for the recombinant lymphocyte receptor NKR-P1A, were employed. To follow the fate of the compound, a fluorescent marker was conjugated to the tetra-branched semi-component of the dendrimer. Tumor development and immunity were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were inoculated with B16F10 melanoma cells and underwent different protocols of PAMAM-GlcNAc8 administration. Advantages on survival and reduction of tumor growth were obtained in dose-dependent manner, by IP route. Increase of CD69+ cells in the spleen and their appearance inside the tumors, early progressive release of IL-1beta, a later production of INFgamma and IL-2 concomitant to an increment of CD4+ cells were observed. Cytotoxicity assays, performed ex vivo, showed an enhanced NK cell activity proportioned to the percentage of activated NK cells. Our data suggest that well-defined multivalent neo-glycoconjugates can stimulate an antitumor immune response engaging both innate and acquired immunity.

• MeSH
• acetylglukosamin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• antigeny povrchové genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   MeSH
• CD antigeny metabolismus   MeSH
• CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická MeSH
• dendrimery MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• glykokonjugáty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B MeSH
• lektiny typu C genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• melanom experimentální imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• polyaminy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylglukosamin MeSH
• antigeny povrchové MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• dendrimery MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• glykokonjugáty MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B MeSH
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• PAMAM Starburst MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyaminy MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH

The application of the phagocytic receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy was studied. Agonists (laminarin, molecules with terminal mannose, N-Formyl-methioninyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) were firmly anchored to the tumor cell surface. When particular agonists of phagocytic receptors were used together with LPS (Toll-like receptor agonist), high synergy causing tumour shrinkage and a temporary or permanent disappearance was observed. Methods of anchoring phagocytic receptor agonists (charge interactions, anchoring based on hydrophobic chains, covalent bonds) and various regimes of phagocytic agonist/LPS mixture applications were tested to achieve maximum therapeutic effect. Combinations of mannan/LPS and f-MLF/LPS (hydrophobic anchors) in appropriate (pulse) regimes resulted in an 80% and 60% recovery for mice, respectively. We propose that substantial synergy between agonists of phagocytic and Toll-like receptors (TLR) is based on two events. The TLR ligand induces early and massive inflammatory infiltration of tumors. The effect of this cell infiltrate is directed towards tumor cells, bearing agonists of phagocytic receptors on their surface. The result of these processes was effective killing of tumor cells. This novel approach represents exploitation of innate immunity mechanisms for treating cancer.

• MeSH
• aktivace makrofágů účinky léků   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• glukany MeSH
• imunoterapie * MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• mannosa chemie   MeSH
• melanom experimentální farmakoterapie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polysacharidy farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• receptory imunologické agonisté   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• toll-like receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• glukany MeSH
• laminaran MeSH Prohlížeč
• ligandy MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• mannosa MeSH
• phagocytosis receptor MeSH Prohlížeč
• polysacharidy MeSH
• receptory imunologické MeSH
• toll-like receptory MeSH

• MeSH
• antigeny povrchové metabolismus   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   MeSH
• glykokonjugáty chemie   imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• imunoterapie MeSH
• kolorektální nádory imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B MeSH
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• lektiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• melanom experimentální imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• receptory mitogenů metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny povrchové MeSH
• glykokonjugáty MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B MeSH
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• receptory mitogenů MeSH

Metastasized malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis because of its intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The central role in the melanoma transcriptional network has the transcription factor MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). It has been shown recently that the expression of MITF and some of its target genes require the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Here we demonstrate that survival of melanoma cells requires functional SWI/SNF complex not only by supporting expression of MITF and its targets and but also by activating expression of prosurvival proteins not directly regulated by MITF. Microarray analysis revealed that besides the MITF-driven genes, expression of proteins like osteopontin, IGF1, TGFß2 and survivin, the factors known to be generally associated with progression of tumors and the antiapoptotic properties, were reduced in acute BRG1-depleted 501mel cells. Western blots and RT-PCR confirmed the microarray findings. These proteins have been verified to be expressed independently of MITF, because MITF depletion did not impair their expression. Because these genes are not regulated by MITF, the data suggests that loss of BRG1-based SWI/SNF complexes negatively affects survival pathways beyond the MITF cascade. Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of both BRM and BRG1 in primary melanomas. Exogenous CDK2, osteopontin, or IGF1 each alone partly relieved the block of proliferation imposed by BRG1 depletion, implicating that more factors, besides the MITF target genes, are involved in melanoma cell survival. Together these results demonstrate an essential role of SWI/SNF for the expression of MITF-dependent and MITF-independent prosurvival factors in melanoma cells and suggest that SWI/SNF may be a potential and effective target in melanoma therapy.

• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   MeSH
• chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasa 2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA-helikasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• inhibitory apoptózy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• névus genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• osteopontin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• survivin MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktor spojený s mikroftalmií genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk genetika   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• BIRC5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• CDK2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasa 2 MeSH
• DNA-helikasy MeSH
• inhibitory apoptózy MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• MITF protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• osteopontin MeSH
• SMARCA2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• SMARCA4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• survivin MeSH
• SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex MeSH Prohlížeč
• transformující růstový faktor beta2 MeSH
• transkripční faktor spojený s mikroftalmií MeSH
• transkripční faktory MeSH

MEK kinase inhibitors (trametinib and selumetinib) or kinase inhibitors directed against mutated BRAF(V600E) (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) have initial encouraging effects in the treatment of melanoma but acquired resistance appears almost invariably after some months. Studies revealed mutually exclusive NRAS and BRAF activating mutations driving the MAPK/ERK pathway among human melanomas. Although combination therapy exerts significantly better antitumor cell efficacy, complete remission is rarely achieved. To employ an alternative approach, we have targeted the Hedgehog/GLI pathway, which is deregulated in melanomas, through the GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT61, alone or accompanied with the treatment by the BCL2 family inhibitor obatoclax in 9 melanoma cell lines. Thus, we targeted melanoma cells irrespective of their NRAS or BRAF mutational status. After GANT61 treatment, the cell viability was drastically diminished via apoptosis, as substantial nuclear DNA fragmentation was detected. In all tested melanoma cell lines, the combined treatment was more efficient than the application of each drug alone at the end of the cell growth with inhibitors. GANT61 was efficient also alone in most cell lines without the addition of obatoclax, which had only a limited effect when used as a single drug. In most cell lines, tumor cells were eradicated after 5-9 days of combined treatment in colony outgrowth assay. To conclude, GANT61 treatment might become a hopeful and effective anti-melanoma targeted therapy, especially when combined with the BCL2 family inhibitor obatoclax.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• GTP-fosfohydrolasy genetika   MeSH
• indoly MeSH
• jaderné proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• protein Gli2 s motivem zinkových prstů MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-Raf genetika   MeSH
• pyridiny farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrimidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrroly farmakologie   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• transkripční faktory Krüppel-like antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antitumorózní látky MeSH
• BRAF protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• GANT 61 MeSH Prohlížeč
• GLI2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• GTP-fosfohydrolasy MeSH
• indoly MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• NRAS protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• obatoclax MeSH Prohlížeč
• protein Gli2 s motivem zinkových prstů MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-Raf MeSH
• pyridiny MeSH
• pyrimidiny MeSH
• pyrroly MeSH
• transkripční faktory Krüppel-like MeSH

On the basis of the highly branched ovomucoid-type undecasaccharide that had been shown previously to be an endogenous ligand for CD69 leukocyte receptor, a systematic investigation of smaller oligosaccharide mimetics was performed based on linear and branched N-acetyl-d-hexosamine homooligomers prepared synthetically using hitherto unexplored reaction schemes. The systematic structure-activity studies revealed the tetrasaccharide GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-4)(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GlcNAc (compound 52) and its alpha-benzyl derivative 49 as the best ligand for CD69 with IC(50) as high as 10(-9) M. This compound thus approaches the affinity of the classical high-affinity neoglycoprotein ligand GlcNAc(23)BSA. Compound 68, GlcNAc tetrasaccharide 52 dimerized through a hydrophilic flexible linker, turned out to be effective in activating CD69(+) lymphocytes. It also proved efficient in enhancing natural killing in vitro, decreasing the growth of tumors in vivo, and activating the CD69(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes examined ex vivo. This compound is thus a candidate for carbohydrate-based immunomodulators with promising antitumor potential.

• MeSH
• acetylglukosamin analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• antitumorózní látky chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buňky NK účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• CD antigeny metabolismus   MeSH
• diferenciační antigeny T-lymfocytů metabolismus   MeSH
• dimerizace MeSH
• imunologické faktory chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B metabolismus   MeSH
• lektiny typu C metabolismus   MeSH
• léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• melanom experimentální imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• molekulární mimikry MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oligosacharidy chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   MeSH
• sacharidové sekvence MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• publikace stažené z tisku MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylglukosamin MeSH
• antitumorózní látky MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• CD69 antigen MeSH Prohlížeč
• diferenciační antigeny T-lymfocytů MeSH
• imunologické faktory MeSH
• lektinové receptory NK-buněk - podrodina B MeSH
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• oligosacharidy MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH