Fabry disease (FD) is a rare genetic X-linked disorder that can impact multiple organs. Cardiac involvement influences the prognosis of patients with FD, being one of the main causes of mortality. Cardiac imaging has proven essential in all aspects of Fabry cardiomyopathy evaluation, such as diagnosis (including detection of early organ changes), disease progression, and guideline for starting enzyme therapy. Imaging techniques used in cardiac evaluation of FD range from 2D and deformation studies in echocardiography to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac scintigraphy and positron emission tomography. The present review summarizes the imaging 'red flags' demonstrated to be able to differentiate early cardiac FD from normal controls and Fabry cardiomyopathy from other causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Also, it discusses the current evidence for the role of CMR in myocardial tissue characterization, as well as other imaging methods that have shown promise in FD. Current knowledge of the evaluation of the presence and extent of cardiac involvement at baseline and during follow-up of enzyme therapy efficiency are further presented. Multiple studies demonstrated that imaging parameters can be reliably used in establishing diagnosis and monitoring therapy in FD. Given the rarity of this disorder, we conclude that awareness should be raised about these imaging 'red flags' and likely patients sent for evaluation in expert centres.

• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• echokardiografie metody   MeSH
• Fabryho nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem * MeSH
• kardiologické zobrazovací techniky metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonance kinematografická metody   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• vzácné nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare genetic disease with X-linked transmission characterized by a defect in the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, which impairs glycosphingolipid metabolism and leads to an excessive storage of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) within lysosomes. AFD involves renal, cardiac, vascular, and nervous systems and is mainly observed in male patients with onset in childhood, although cardiac manifestation is often shown in adults. AFD cardiomyopathy is caused by the accumulation of Gb3 within myocytes first showed by left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and systolic heart failure with biventricular involvement. The diagnosis of AFD cardiomyopathy may be insidious in the first stages and requires accurate differential diagnosis with other cardiomyopathies with hypertrophic phenotype. However, it is fundamental to promptly initiate specific therapies that have shown promising results, particularly for early treatment. A careful integration between clinical evaluation, genetic tests, and cardiac imaging is required to diagnose AFD with cardiac involvement. Basic and advanced echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and nuclear imaging may offer pivotal information for early diagnosis (Graphical Abstract), and the management of these patients is often limited to centres with high expertise in the field. This clinical consensus statement, developed by experts from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the ESC, aims to provide practical advice for all clinicians regarding the use of multimodality imaging to simplify the diagnostic evaluation, prognostic stratification, and management of cardiac involvement in AFD.

• Klíčová slova
• Anderson–Fabry disease, diagnosis, imaging, left ventricular hypertrophy, treatment,
• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• echokardiografie metody   normy   MeSH
• Fabryho nemoc * diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování * metody   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• konsensus - konference MeSH

• MeSH
• echokardiografie metody   MeSH
• endomyokardiální fibróza komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• Hodgkinova nemoc komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny chirurgie   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• srdeční selhání diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• kalcinóza * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezikomorová přepážka * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování MeSH
• nádory srdce * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the EuroNet Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma (EuroNet-PHL) trials, decision on Waldeyer's ring (WR) involvement is usually based on clinical assessment, that is, physical examination and/or nasopharyngoscopy. However, clinical assessment only evaluates mucosal surface and is prone to interobserver variability. Modern cross-sectional imaging technology may provide valuable information beyond mucosal surface, which may lead to a more accurate WR staging. PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: The EuroNet-PHL-C1 trial recruited 2102 patients, of which 1752 underwent central review including reference reading of their cross-sectional imaging data. In 14 of 1752 patients, WR was considered involved according to clinical assessment. In these 14 patients, the WR was re-assessed by applying an imaging-based algorithm considering information from 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. For verification purposes, the imaging-based algorithm was applied to 100 consecutive patients whose WR was inconspicuous on clinical assessment. RESULTS: The imaging-based algorithm confirmed WR involvement only in four of the 14 patients. Of the remaining 10 patients, four had retropharyngeal lymph node involvement and six an inconspicuous WR. Applying the imaging-based algorithm to 100 consecutive patients with physiological appearance of their WR on clinical assessment, absence of WR involvement could be confirmed in 99. However, suspicion of WR involvement was raised in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: The imaging-based algorithm was feasible and easily applicable at initial staging of young patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. It increased the accuracy of WR staging, which may contribute to a more individualized treatment in the future.

• Klíčová slova
• 18F-FDG-PET, CT, ENT investigation, MRI, Waldeyer's ring, multimodality imaging, pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma, staging,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 analýza   MeSH
• Hodgkinova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 MeSH

Four diagnostic modalities are used to image the following internal carotid artery: digital subtraction angiography (DSA), duplex ultrasound (DUS), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The aim of this article is to describe the potentials of these techniques and to discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Invasive DSA is still considered the gold standard and is an indivisible part of the carotid stenting procedure. DUS is an inexpensive but operator-dependent tool with limited visibility of the carotid artery course. Conversely, CTA and MRA allow assessment of the carotid artery from the aortic arch to intracranial parts. The disadvantages of CTA are radiation and iodine contrast medium administration. MRA is without radiation but contrast-enhanced MRA is more accurate than noncontrast MRA. The choice of methods depends on the clinical indications and the availability of methods in individual centers. However, the general approach to patient with suspected carotid artery stenosis is to first perform DUS and then other noninvasive methods such as CTA, MRA, or transcranial Doppler US.

• Klíčová slova
• carotid artery stenosis, computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Although myriads of experimental approaches have been published in the field of fungal infection diagnostics, interestingly, in 21st century there is no satisfactory early noninvasive tool for Aspergillus diagnostics with good sensitivity and specificity. In this work, we for the first time described the fungal burden in rat lungs by multimodal imaging approach. The Aspergillus infection was monitored by positron emission tomography and light microscopy employing modified Grocott's methenamine silver staining and eosin counterstaining. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging has revealed a dramatic iron increase in fungi-affected areas, which can be presumably attributed to microbial siderophores. Quantitative elemental data were inferred from matrix-matched standards prepared from rat lungs. The iron, silver, and gold MS images collected with variable laser foci revealed that particularly silver or gold can be used as excellent elements useful for sensitively tracking the Aspergillus infection. The limit of detection was determined for both (107) Ag and (197) Au as 0.03 μg/g (5 μm laser focus). The selective incorporation of (107) Ag and (197) Au into fungal cell bodies and low background noise from both elements were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray scattering utilizing the submicron lateral resolving power of scanning electron microscopy. The low limits of detection and quantitation of both gold and silver make ICP-MS imaging monitoring a viable alternative to standard optical evaluation used in current clinical settings.

• Klíčová slova
• Animal model, Aspergillosis, Biomedicine, Fungal infection, Inductively coupled plasma, Mass spectrometry, Multimodal imaging,
• MeSH
• Aspergillus izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• aspergilóza diagnóza   diagnostické zobrazování   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• plíce diagnostické zobrazování   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The imaging modality choice depends on the clinical question in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); when HCC is suspected, then ultrasound serves as imaging at the first line, followed by computed tomography. When specialized differential dia-gnosis or bio-logical behaviour of HCC is a clinical issue, magnetic resonance imaging with a use of hepatospecific contrast agent or hybrid imaging using positron emission tomography and computed tomography or positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with the application of 18F-fluorodeoxglucose or 18F-fluorocholine are exploited. In the therapy of HCC, it is possible to use locally destructive methods of interventional radiology, especially radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization, or radioembolization, as the case may be.

• Klíčová slova
• computed tomography, hepatocellular carcinoma, hybrid imaging methods, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography,
• MeSH
• chirurgie s pomocí počítače metody   MeSH
• hepatocelulární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• katetrizační ablace metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• nádory jater patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIM: To clarify the possibilities and role of posterior segment imaging in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), and to show the prevalence of this disease in the pediatric population in Slovakia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Until recently, ophthalmologic consultations in patients with NF1 were limited mainly to the observation of Lisch nodules of the iris and the presence of optic nerve glioma. However, advances in imaging capabilities have made it possible to investigate and describe new f indings concerning the ocular manifestations of this disease. Between October 2020 and November 2021, we examined the anterior and posterior segment of 76 eyes (38 children – 12 boys and 26 girls) with genetically confirmed NF1 gene mutation at our clinic. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 18 years. The anterior segment was checked for the presence of Lisch nodules biomicroscopically with a slit lamp. On the posterior segment, the presence of choroidal nodules was checked by various imaging methods – fundus camera, infrared confocal selective laser ophthalmoscopy, MultiColor imaging, OCT, and OCT angiography. All the patients had magnetic resonance imaging performed in order to detect potential optic nerve gliomas for the purpose of diagnosis. We observed the correlation between the patients’ age, presence of Lisch nodules and the presence of choroidal nodules. Eight patients also had other manifestations of the disease – optic nerve gliomas or microvascular changes (so-called “corkscrew” vessels). RESULTS: Out of 38 patients, Lisch iris nodules were present in 20 patients (53%) and choroidal nodules in 24 patients (63%). There was no positive correlation between the presence of these two manifestations within the same patient or eye, but there is a clear correlation between the presence of choroidal nodules and patient age. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a previously unknown ocular manifestation of neurofibromatosis type I, namely choroidal nodules, has a higher prevalence than Lisch nodules also in the pediatric population and can be easily visualized using various imaging modalities. It will be important to include follow-up observation of this finding among the standard controls for ocular findings in NF1, and it will be very interesting to correlate this f inding with the exact NF1 mutation

• Klíčová slova
• neurofibromatosis type 1, von Recklinghausen’s disease, choroidea, choroidal nodules, imaging modalities,
• MeSH
• choroidea patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gliom zrakového nervu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování MeSH
• neurofibromatóza 1 * komplikace   MeSH
• oftalmoskopie metody   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (MIONs) are established as potent theranostic nanoplatforms due to their biocompatibility and the multifunctionality of their spin-active atomic framework. Recent insights have also unveiled their attractive near-infrared photothermal properties, which are, however, limited by their low near-infrared absorbance, resulting in noncompetitive photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Herein, we report on the dramatically improved photothermal conversion of condensed clustered MIONs, reaching an ultrahigh PCE of 71% at 808 nm, surpassing the so-far MION-based photothermal agents and even benchmark near-infrared photothermal nanomaterials. Moreover, their surface passivation is achieved through a simple self-assembly process, securing high colloidal stability and structural integrity in complex biological media. The bifunctional polymeric canopy simultaneously provided binding sites for anchoring additional cargo, such as a strong near-infrared-absorbing and fluorescent dye, enabling in vivo optical and photoacoustic imaging in deep tissues, while the iron oxide core ensures detection by magnetic resonance imaging. In vitro studies also highlighted a synergy-amplified photothermal effect that significantly reduces the viability of A549 cancer cells upon 808 nm laser irradiation. Integration of such-previously elusive-photophysical properties with simple and cost-effective nanoengineering through self-assembly represents a significant step toward sophisticated nanotheranostics, with great potential in the field of nanomedicine.

• Klíčová slova
• condensed clusters, iron oxides, multimodal imaging, noncovalent functionalization, photothermal agents,
• MeSH
• buňky A549 MeSH
• fotochemické procesy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• magnetické nanočástice chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování metody   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• optoakustické techniky metody   MeSH
• teranostická nanomedicína metody   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• magnetické nanočástice MeSH