Nanomaterials-mediated contamination (including the highly reactive metal oxides ZnO nanoparticles) is becoming one of the most concerning issues worldwide. In this study, the toxic effects of two chemical species of Zn (ZnO nanoparticles and bulk ZnSO4) were investigated in bean plants, following either foliar or soil application, at concentrations from 250 to 2000 mg L-1 using biochemical assays, proteomics and metabolomics. The accumulation of Zn in plant tissues depended on the application type, zinc chemical form and concentration, in turn triggering distinctive morphological, physiological, and redox responses. Bean plants were more sensitive to the foliar than to the soil application, and high concentrations of ZnO NP and bulk ZnSO4 determined the highest plant growth inhibition and stress symptoms. However, low dosages of ZnSO4 induced a slight plant growth promotion and better physiological and antioxidative response. Low concentration of Zn leaded to increased activity of stress-related proteins and secondary metabolites with antioxidant capacity, while increasing concentration reached the exhausted phase of the plant stress response, reducing the antioxidant defense system. Such high concentrations increased lipids peroxidation, protein degradation and membranes integrity. Oxidative damage occurred at high concentrations of both chemical species of Zn. Foliar spraying impaired photosynthetic efficiency, while soil applications (especially ZnSO4) elicited antioxidant metabolites and proteins, and impaired chloroplast-related proteins involved in the electron transport chain and ATP production. Taken together, the results highlighted distinctive and nanoparticles-related toxic effects of ZnO in bean, compared to ionic forms of Zn.

• Klíčová slova
• Omics analysis, Oxidative stress, Photosynthesis, Plant stress, Secondary metabolism,
• MeSH
• fazol * MeSH
• fotosyntéza MeSH
• nanočástice * MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý * toxicita   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• zinek MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• zinek MeSH

The primary structure and proteolytic processing of the alpha-amylase isoinhibitor alpha AI-1 from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Magna) was determined by protein chemistry techniques. The inhibitory specificity of alphaAI-1 was screened with a panel of the digestive alpha-amylases from 30 species of insects, mites, gastropod, annelid worm, nematode and fungal phytopathogens with a focus on agricultural pests and important model species. This in vitro analysis showed a selective inhibition of alpha-amylases from three orders of insect (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera) and an inhibition of alpha-amylases of the annelid worm. The inhibitory potential of alphaAI-1 against several alpha-amylases was found to be modulated by pH. To understand how alphaAI-1 discriminates among closely related alpha-amylases, the sequences of the alpha-amylases sensitive, respectively, insensitive to alphaAI-1 were compared, and the critical determinants were localized on the spatial alpha-amylase model. Based on the in vitro analysis of the inhibitory specificity of alphaAI-1, the in vivo activity of the ingested alphaAI-1 was demonstrated by suppression of the development of the insect larvae that expressed the sensitive digestive alpha-amylases. The first comprehensive mapping of alphaAI-1 specificity significantly broadens the spectrum of targets that can be regulated by alpha-amylase inhibitors of plant origin, and points to potential application of these protein insecticides in plant biotechnologies.

• MeSH
• alfa-amylasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans enzymologie   MeSH
• fazol chemie   MeSH
• Helix (hlemýždi) enzymologie   MeSH
• hmyz enzymologie   MeSH
• houby enzymologie   MeSH
• insekticidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Oligochaeta enzymologie   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• roztoči enzymologie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-amylasy MeSH
• alpha-amylase inhibitor, Phaseolus vulgaris MeSH Prohlížeč
• insekticidy MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny MeSH

The aim of the present work was to evaluate non-enzymic antioxidants during natural and artificially modulated senescence. Senescence of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Jantar) cotyledons was modulated by UV C irradiation or by the decapitation of plants apices. The content of beta-carotene and zeaxanthin decreased in control and decapitated plants but in UV C irradiated plants these contents increased. The degree of de-epoxidation increased in all cultivations with age. The content of total glutathione (sum of reduced and oxidized) sharply decreased in bean cotyledons grown in all conditions. Interestingly, the content of total ascorbate increased at the end of cotyledon life span of control and decapitated plants but decreased in UV plants. Decrease of reduced/oxidized ratio of ascorbate and glutathione during cotyledon ageing confirmed increasing oxidative stress during senescence in all cultivations.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-katenin metabolismus   MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• fazol růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• xanthofyly metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• beta-katenin MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny MeSH
• xanthofyly MeSH

Previous research has demonstrated that legume proteins have insecticidal activity against stored-product pests, but activity against stored-product mites has not been tested. A study was therefore conducted to explore the potential of bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., flour as novel botanical acaricide against five species of storage and dust mites: Acarus siro L., Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau), Caloglyphus redickorzevi (Zachvatkin), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). The effect of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., grain enriched with bean flour to eight concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10%) on population growth initiating from the density of 50 mites per 100 g of wheat was recorded for 21 d under laboratory conditions (grain moisture 14.6% moisture content and 25 degree C in darkness). The enrichment of grain with bean flour suppressed the population growth of all tested species: 0.01% concentration reduced population growth of all tested species to >50% in comparison with the control population. The most sensitive species were A. siro and L. destructor, followed by T. putrescentiae and C. redickorzevi. The least sensitive species was A. ovatus. The terminal (i.e., after 21 d) density of mites positively correlated with bean flour concentration. The suppressive effect of bean flour was not linear but rather asymptotic. The results of this study are discussed in the context of the application of bean flour in integrated control of stored-product mites and the elimination of stored-product mite allergens.

• MeSH
• Acaridae * MeSH
• dezinsekce metody   MeSH
• fazol chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• populační růst MeSH
• pšenice parazitologie   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Reactive oxygen species are known to increase in plant senescence. We investigated the participation of antioxidative enzymes in initiation of cotyledon senescence. Senescence of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cotyledons was modulated by UV C irradiation and by the decapitation of plant apices. Senescence was accompanied by a decrease of protein content and by a decrease of photochemical efficiency. A drop in activity of antioxidative enzymes preceded the onset of senescence in control plants. In cotyledons with prolonged life span, the decrease of antioxidant activities and the markers of senescence onset appeared at a similar age as in controls. Thus we presumed that the period from senescence initiation to cotyledon abscission was extended. On the other hand, in UV C irradiated plants we did not observe actual senescence initiation, and antioxidant enzymes although elevated, did not effectively play their role. The decrease of antioxidant enzymes activity and the markers of senescence appeared at a similar age both in control and in decapitated (D) plants, so we can presume that we prolonged mainly the period from senescence onset to cotyledon abscission in D plants. In UV C irradiated plants the antioxidative enzymes were probably destroyed before the process of senescence could begin.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• askorbátperoxidasa MeSH
• fazol růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• izoenzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• askorbátperoxidasa MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa MeSH
• izoenzymy MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• peroxidasy MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

Common bean seed lots collected from different seed dealers and Malawii agriculture station were screened for the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. In the laboratory the pathogen was isolated following the routine laboratory assay method, i.e. direct plating method using yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar medium (YDC). Yellow, convex, mucoid colonies of Xanthomonas were consistently isolated on YDC from seed samples. The presumptive pathogen was confirmed by isolation on semiselective medium, such as mTBM and MD5A. Further, the pathogen was confirmed by biochemical, physiological and, finally, the pathogenicity tests. Five samples out of seven were positive for Xanthomonas. The isolates were found to cause common blight of 3-week-old common bean plants by 7 d after inoculation. Bacteria with the same characteristics as those inoculated were re-isolated from the infected plants.

• MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky metody   MeSH
• fazol mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná mikrobiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Xanthomonas axonopodis izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média MeSH

The root nodules of Phaseolus mungo (a herbaceous leguminous pulse) contained a high amount of 3-indolylacetic acid (IAA). A tryptophan pool present in the nodule might play the role of precursor for IAA production. From the root nodule a Rhizobium sp. was isolated. The symbiont produced a large amount of IAA (142 microg/mL) from L-tryptophan-supplemented basal medium. The production of IAA by the symbiont was much increased over the control when a L-tryptophan (2 mg/mL) supplemented C-free mineral medium was enriched with mannitol (1 %), L-asparagine (0.3 %) and thiamine hydrochloride (1 microg/mL). The possible role of the rhizobial production of IAA on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis is discussed.

• MeSH
• fazol metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kořenové hlízky rostlin metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• Rhizobium růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is a major crop for worldwide food and nutritional security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, that is resilient to hot and drought-prone environments. An assembly of the single-haplotype inbred genome of cowpea IT97K-499-35 was developed by exploiting the synergies between single-molecule real-time sequencing, optical and genetic mapping, and an assembly reconciliation algorithm. A total of 519 Mb is included in the assembled sequences. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements, which are enriched within recombination-poor pericentromeric regions. A comparative analysis of these elements suggests that genome size differences between Vigna species are mainly attributable to changes in the amount of Gypsy retrotransposons. Conversely, genes are more abundant in more distal, high-recombination regions of the chromosomes; there appears to be more duplication of genes within the NBS-LRR and the SAUR-like auxin superfamilies compared with other warm-season legumes that have been sequenced. A surprising outcome is the identification of an inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces and cultivars, which includes a gene that has been associated in other plants with interactions with the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of a putative syntelog for multiple organ gigantism in legumes. A revised numbering system has been adopted for cowpea chromosomes based on synteny with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). An estimate of nuclear genome size of 640.6 Mbp based on cytometry is presented.

• Klíčová slova
• Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, chromosomal inversion, cowpea, domestication, genome annotation, genome evolution, genome size, legumes, next-generation sequencing, repetitive elements,
• MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• délka genomu genetika   MeSH
• DNA rostlinná chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fazol genetika   MeSH
• genom rostlinný genetika   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• retroelementy genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné geny genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• syntenie MeSH
• vigna genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA rostlinná MeSH
• retroelementy MeSH

Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS RNase), a dimeric homolog of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A), is known to display special biological activities namely cytotoxicity for human tumor cells. Because some plant ribonucleases have a similar mass weight and structure as the animal ribonuclease, effects of a commercial product of Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) nuclease (PhA) were studied on proliferation of ML-2 human tumor cells, as well as it's aspermatogenic, embryotoxic, immunogenic, and immunosuppressive activity, and therapeutic efficiency in athymic mice bearing human melanoma tumor. Concerning the antiproliferative activity, PhA nuclease was almost non-effective in vitro on ML-2 cells and also immunosuppressive activity on human lymphocyte in mixed culture was very low compared to that of BS RNase. However, significant antitumor activity was detected on human melanoma tumor after intratumoral or intraperitoneal administration into the mice. Furthermore conjugate of PhA nuclease with polyethylene glycol (PEG) injected seven times at the dose of 10 microg intraperitoneally showed identical antitumor activity as that of bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS RNase) injected by the same way at ten times higher dose. Both PhA and BS RNases exerted strong aspermatogenic effect on the width of spermatogenic layers while RNase A administration at ten times higher concentration was ineffective. PhA nuclease when compared by means of antibody cross reaction with RNase A, BS RNase and wheat leaf neutral RNase (WLN-RNase) was found to be immunologically similar to RNase A and WLN-RNase, meanwhile BS RNase showed much higher antigenicity in comparison with them.

• MeSH
• antispermatogenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• embryo savčí účinky léků   MeSH
• endonukleasy specifické pro jednořetězcové nukleové kyseliny imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• experimentální nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fazol enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši nahé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• pankreatická ribonukleasa imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• spermatogeneze účinky léků   MeSH
• spermie účinky léků   MeSH
• teratogeny farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antispermatogenní látky MeSH
• antitumorózní látky MeSH
• endonukleasy specifické pro jednořetězcové nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• pankreatická ribonukleasa MeSH
• teratogeny MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
• fytohemaglutininy imunologie   MeSH
• imunologická tolerance MeSH
• konkanavalin A imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriáza imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytohemaglutininy MeSH
• konkanavalin A MeSH