Uptake of (14)C-labeled fluoranthene ([(14)C]FLT) via both roots and leaves of Pisum sativum seedlings and distribution of [(14) C] in plants by both acropetal and basipetal transport was evaluated. The highest [(14)C] level was found in the root base (≈270 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) and the lowest level in the stem apex (<2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) after just 2 h of root exposure. For foliar uptake, the highest level of [(14)C] was found in the stem and root apex (both ≈2 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt) (except for treated leaves), while the lowest level was found in the root base (<0.6 × 10(4) dpm/g dry wt).

• Klíčová slova
• Fate and transport, Pea plant, Phytotoxicity, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Root and foliar uptake,
• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• fluoreny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• hrách setý metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• stonky rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fluoranthene MeSH Prohlížeč
• fluoreny MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH

• The mineral nutrition of terrestrial carnivorous plants was investigated under glasshouse conditions to elucidate ecophysiological adaptations of this plant group. • In Drosera capillaris and D. capensis, absorption of N, P, K, and Mg from insects was relatively efficient (> 43%), whereas that of Ca was not. Carnivorous plants (D. capensis, D. peltata, D. scorpioides, and Dionaea muscipula) exhibited a high efficiency of re-utilization of N (70-82%), P (51-92%), and K (41-99%) from senescing leaves. Re-utilization of Mg was low or negative, and that of Ca highly negative. • In a growth experiment, foliar nutrient supply led to markedly increased growth and nutrient accumulation in D. capillaris, D. aliciae, and D. spathulata. In all the three species tested it was demonstrated that leaf-supplied nutrients were accumulated in the plant biomass and even stimulated root nutrient uptake. • These results suggest that the main physiological effect of leaf nutrient absorption from prey is a stimulation of root nutrient uptake.

• Klíčová slova
• leaf nutrient supply, mineral nutrient re-utilization, stimulation of root nutrient uptake, terrestrial carnivorous plants, utilization of prey,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A model small-scale field experiment was set up to investigate selenium (Se) uptake by four different varieties of broccoli plants, as well as the effect of Se foliar application on the uptake of essential elements for plants calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). Foliar application of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was carried out at two rates (25 and 50 g Se/ha), and an untreated control variant was included. Analyses of individual parts of broccoli were performed, whereby it was found that Se in the plant accumulates mainly in the flower heads and slightly less in the leaves, stems, and roots, regardless of the Se rate and broccoli variety. In most cases, there was a statistically significant increase of Se content in all parts of the plant, while there was no confirmed systematic influence of the addition of Se on the changing intake of other monitored elements. Selenization of broccoli leads to an effective increase in the Se content at a rate of 25 g/ha, whereas the higher rate did not result in a substantial increase of Se content compared to the lower rate in all varieties. Therefore, the rate of 25 g/ha can be recommended as effective to produce broccoli with an increased Se content suitable for consumption. Moreover, Se application resulted in an adequate increase of the main organic compounds of Se, such as selenocystine (SeCys2), selenomethionine (SeMet), and Se-methylselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys).

• Klíčová slova
• Se-methylselenocysteine, broccoli varieties, selenium, selenocystine, selenomethionine, supplementation,
• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• Brassica účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• cystin analogy a deriváty   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kationty dvojmocné metabolismus   MeSH
• kationty jednomocné metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• květy účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• organoselenové sloučeniny izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• selenocystein analogy a deriváty   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• selenomethionin izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• sloučeniny selenu izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• stonky rostlin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cystin MeSH
• kationty dvojmocné MeSH
• kationty jednomocné MeSH
• organoselenové sloučeniny MeSH
• selenocystein MeSH
• selenocystine MeSH Prohlížeč
• selenomethionin MeSH
• selenomethylselenocysteine MeSH Prohlížeč
• sloučeniny selenu MeSH

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient needed for plant growth, development, and production. A deficiency of P causes a severe impact on plant development and productivity. Several P-based fertilizers are being used in agriculture but limited uptake of P by the plant is still a challenge to be solved. Titanium (Ti) application increases the nutrient uptake by affecting the root growth; however, the role of Ti in plant biology, specifically its application under low light and phosphorus stress, has never been reported. Therefore, a pot study was planned with foliar application of Ti (in a different concentration ranging from 0 to 1,000 mg L-1) under different light and P concentrations. The result indicated that under shade and low P conditions the foliar application of Ti in different concentrations significantly improves the plant growth parameters such as root length, root surface area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matters. The increase was observed to be more than 100% in shade and low P stressed soybean root parameter with 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment. Ti was observed to improve the plant growth both in high P and low P exposed plants, but the improvement was more obvious in Low P exposed plants. Auxin concentration in stressed and healthy plant roots was observed to be slightly increased with Ti application. Ti application was also observed to decrease rhizosphere soil pH and boosted the antioxidant enzymatic activities with an enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency of soybean plants under shade and P stress. With 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment, the photosynthetic rate was observed to improve by 45% under shade and P stressed soybean plants. Thus, this work for the first time indicates a good potential of Ti application in the low light and P deficient agricultural fields for the purpose to improve plant growth and development parameters.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidants, low phosphorus, rhizosphere pH, root Auxin, titanium,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. Its cultivation is affected by abiotic stress caused by climate change, in particular, drought. Zinc (Zn) supplied by foliar nutrition can increase plant resistance to water stress by enhancing physiological and enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms. One of the possibilities to reduce the effect of drought on plant production is also the utilization of trehalose. In order to confirm the effect of the foliar application of selected forms of Zn (0.1% w/v solution)-zinc oxide micro- (ZnO) and nanoparticles (ZnONP), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and zinc chelate (ZnEDTA)-a pot experiment in controlled conditions was conducted in combination with trehalose (1% w/v solution) on selected growth parameters of maize exposed to the drought stress. A significant effect of coapplication of Zn and trehalose on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root electrical capacity, weight of maize aboveground biomass (AGB) and Zn content in AGB was found. At the same time, the hypothesis of a positive effect of carbohydrates on increasing the uptake of foliar-applied Zn was confirmed, especially for the ZnEDTA and ZnSO4. This paper presents the first empirical evidence of the trehalose addition to sprays for zinc foliar fertilization of maize proving to be an effective way of increasing the resistance of maize grown under drought stress conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• biomass production, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, maize, root size, trehalose solution, zinc fertilization,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study aims to summarize results on potential phytomanagement of two metal(loid)-polluted military soils using Miscanthus x giganteus. Such an option was tested during 2-year pot experiments with soils taken from former military sites in Sliač, Slovakia and Kamenetz-Podilsky, Ukraine. The following elements were considered: As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, Zn and Zr. M. x giganteus showed good growth at both military soils with slightly higher maximum shoot lengths in the second year of vegetation. Based on Principal Component Analysis similarities of metal(loid) uptake by roots, stems and leaves were summarized. Major part of the elements remained in M. x giganteus roots and rather limited amounts moved to the aerial parts. Levels taken up decreased in the second vegetation year. Dynamics of foliar metal(loid) concentrations divided the elements in two groups: essential elements required for metabolism (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and non-essential elements without any known metabolic need (As, Sr, Ti, and Zr). Fe, Mn, Ti and Sr showed similar S-shaped uptake curve in terms of foliar concentrations (likely due to dilution in growing biomass), while Cu exhibited a clear peak mid-season. Behavior of Zn was in between. Foliar Zr and As concentrations were below detection limit. The results illustrated a good potential of M. x giganteus for safely growing on metal-polluted soils taken from both military localities.

• Klíčová slova
• Dynamic of foliar metal(loid)s, Miscanthus x giganteus, Polluted military sites, Principal component analysis, metal(loid) uptake,
• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• biopaliva * MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• kovy analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lipnicovité metabolismus   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopaliva * MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• půda MeSH

While urban-grown vegetables could help combat future food insecurity, the elevated levels of toxic metals in urban soils need to be met with measures that minimise transfer to crops. This study firstly examines soil/dust particle inclusion in leafy vegetables and its contribution to vegetable metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn), using vegetable, soil and dust data from an open-field urban farm in southeastern Sweden. Titanium concentrations were used to assess soil/dust adherence. Results showed that vegetables contained 0.05-1.3 wt% of adhering particles (AP) even after washing. With 0.5 % AP, an adult with an average intake of vegetables could ingest approximately 100 mg of particles per day, highlighting leafy vegetables as a major route for soil/dust ingestion. The presence of adhering particles also significantly contributed to the vegetable concentrations of As (9-20 %), Co (17-20 %), Pb (25-29 %), and Cr (33-34 %). Secondly, data from an indoor experiment was used to characterise root metal uptake from 20 urban soils from Sweden, Denmark, Spain, the UK, and the Czech Republic. Combining particle adherence and root uptake data, vegetable metal concentrations were calculated for the 20 urban soils to represent hypothetical field scenarios for these. Subsequently, average daily doses were assessed for vegetable consumers (adults and 3-6 year old children), distinguishing between doses from adhering particles and root uptake. Risks were evaluated from hazard quotients (HQs; average daily doses/tolerable intakes). Lead was found to pose the greatest risk, where particle ingestion often resulted in HQs > 1 across all assessed scenarios. In summary, since washing was shown to remove only a portion of adhering metal-laden soil/dust particles from leafy vegetation, farmers and urban planners need to consider that measures to limit particle deposition are equally important as cultivating in uncontaminated soil.

• Klíčová slova
• Arsenic, Cadmium, Foliar contamination, Lead, Particulate matter, Risk assessment, Urban farming, Urban produce safety, Urban soil,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• olovo MeSH
• prach MeSH
• půda MeSH
• těžké kovy * analýza   MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• olovo MeSH
• prach MeSH
• půda MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of croplands jeopardizes sustainable crop production and human health. However, curtailing Cd transfer and mobility in the rhizosphere-plant system is challenging. Sole application of biochar (BC) and thiourea (TU) has been reported to restrain Cd toxicity and uptake in plants. However, the combined applications of BC and TU in mitigating the harmful effects of Cd on plants have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the integrated impact of three maize stalk BC application rates [B 0 (0% w/w), B 1 (2.5% w/w), and B 2 (5% w/w)] and three TU foliar application rates [T 0 (0 mg L-1), T 1 (600 mg L-1), and T 2 (1,200 mg L-1)] in remediating the adverse effects of Cd on maize growth, development, and physiology. Results demonstrated that Cd concentration in soil inhibited plant growth by reducing leaf area, photosynthesis activity, and enhanced oxidative stress in maize. Nevertheless, BC and TU application in combination (B 2 T 2) improved the fresh biomass, shoot height, leaf area, and photosynthesis rate of maize plants by 27, 42, 36, and 15%, respectively, compared with control (B 0 T 0). Additionally, the oxidative stress values [malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL)] were minimized by 26, 20, and 21%, respectively, under B 2 T 2 as compared with B 0 T 0. Antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] were 81 and 58%, respectively, higher in B 2 T 2 than in B 0 T 0. Besides, the shoot and root Cd concentrations were decreased by 42 and 49%, respectively, under B 2 T 2 compared with B 0 T 0. The recent study showed that the integrated effects of BC and TU have significant potential to improve the growth of maize on Cd-contaminated soil by reducing Cd content in plant organs (shoots and roots).

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidant, biochar, cadmium toxicity, maize growth, thiourea,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH