• Klíčová slova
• STRONGYLOIDIASIS *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Strongyloides stercoralis * MeSH
• strongyloidiáza * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• STRONGYLOIDIASIS/epidemiology *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• strongyloidiáza epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The rhabditid nematode Strongyloides stercoralis is known worldwide as the causative agent of strongyloidiasis in humans. In addition to public health concerns, S. stercoralis also infects dogs, which represent a possible reservoir for potentially zoonotic transmissions. We describe the first confirmed case of fatal disseminated infection in a dog in the Czech Republic. The microscopic and histological results were supported by a complex genotyping approach. Using high-throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region (HVR-IV) of 18S rDNA and Sanger sequencing of the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), the potentially zoonotic haplotype/lineage A of S. stercoralis was confirmed, while the solely canine haplotype/lineage B was not found. The development of the disease is mainly associated with immunodeficiency, and in this case, it was triggered by inappropriate treatment, in particular the use of corticosteroids.

• Klíčová slova
• Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloidiasis, dog, high-throughput sequencing, zoonotic,
• MeSH
• DNA helmintů MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• nemoci psů * parazitologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   analýza   MeSH
• Strongyloides stercoralis * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• strongyloidiáza * veterinární   parazitologie   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA helmintů MeSH
• respirační komplex IV MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH

Strongyloidiasis represents a major medical and veterinary helminthic disease. Human infection is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni fuelleborni and Strongyloides fuelleborni kellyi, with S.stercoralis accounting for the majority of cases. Strongyloides f. fuelleborni likely represents a zoonosis acquired from non-human primates (NHPs), while no animal reservoir for S. f. kellyi infection has been found. Whether S. stercoralis represents a zoonosis acquired from dogs and cats remains unanswered. Over the past two decades various tools have been applied to genotype Strongyloides spp. The most commonly sequenced markers have been the hyper-variable regions I and IV of the 18S rRNA gene and selected portions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. These markers have been sequenced and compared in Strongyloides from multiple hosts and geographical regions. More recently, a machine learning algorithm multi-locus sequence typing approach has been applied using these markers, while others have applied whole genome sequencing. Genotyping of Strongyloides from dogs, cats, NHPs and humans has identified that S. stercoralis likely originated in dogs and adapted to human hosts. It has also been demonstrated that S. stercoralis is distinct from S. f. fuelleborni and S. f. kellyi. Two distinct genetic clades of S. stercoralis exist, one restricted to dogs and another infecting humans, NHPs, dogs and cats. Genotyping of S. f. fuelleborni has identified two separate clades, one associated with African isolates and another Indochinese peninsular clade. This review summarises the history and development of genotyping tools for Strongyloides spp. It describes the findings of major studies to date in the context of the epidemiology and evolutionary biology of these helminths, with a specific focus on human-infecting species.

• Klíčová slova
• Epidemiology, Genome, Genotyping, Strongyloides, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloidiasis,
• MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• nemoci koček * MeSH
• nemoci psů * epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• primáti genetika   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• Strongyloides stercoralis * genetika   MeSH
• strongyloidiáza * epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• zoonózy parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Primates are an important source of infectious disease in humans. Strongyloidiasis affects an estimated 600 million people worldwide, with a global distribution and hotspots of infection in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently added to the list of neglected tropical diseases, global attention has been demanded in the drive for its control. Through a literature review of Strongyloides in humans and non-human primates (NHP), we analysed the most common identification methods and gaps in knowledge about this nematode genus. The rise of molecular-based methods for Strongyloides detection is evident in both humans and NHP and provides an opportunity to analyse all data available from primates. Dogs were also included as an important host species of Strongyloides and a potential bridge host between humans and NHP. This review highlights the lack of molecular data across all hosts-humans, NHP and dogs-with the latter highly underrepresented in the database. Despite the cosmopolitan nature of Strongyloides, there are still large gaps in our knowledge for certain species when considering transmission and pathogenicity. We suggest that a unified approach to Strongyloides detection be taken, with an optimized, repeatable molecular-based method to improve our understanding of this parasitic infection. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations'.

• Klíčová slova
• Strongyloides, microscopy, molecular methods, primates,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• opomíjené nemoci MeSH
• primáti MeSH
• psi MeSH
• Strongyloides * MeSH
• strongyloidiáza * epidemiologie   veterinární   diagnóza   MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• antinematodní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• strongyloidiáza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antinematodní látky MeSH

• MeSH
• askarióza komplikace   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• strongyloidiáza komplikace   parazitologie   MeSH
• trichurióza komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• anthelmintika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• askarióza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nematodózy farmakoterapie   MeSH
• strongyloidiáza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• trichurióza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthelmintika MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pruritus etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Strongyloides MeSH
• strongyloidiáza komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Adult females of Strongyloides robustus Chandler, 1942, a parasite of sciurids in North America, were found in the duodenal mucosa of 30 of 32 red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben)) collected in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. The parasitic female is illustrated and redescribed; characteristics include: body 3.8-8.0 mm long, cephalic extremity with X-shaped mouth and 8 circumoral lobes, ovaries spiralling around intestine, and tail bluntly rounded. Eggs in fresh feces contained tadpole-stage larvae. In fecal cultures, eggs hatched and larvae invariably developed to the filariform infective third stage; i.e. a free-living generation did not occur and is probably absent in S. robustus in Cape Breton and possibly other parts of North America. It is hypothesized that homogonically developing S. robustus might be more fecund or more efficiently transmitted than species of Strongyloides that exhibit both homogonic and heterogonic development. Larvae of S. robustus in fecal cultures, i.e. homogonic larvae, are described in detail. Intestinal walls of second- and third-stage larvae, as well as the lateral chords of young third-stage larvae, contained numerous round bodies, likely nutrient stores. Third-stage larvae were present within 2 days in cultures maintained at 30 degrees C, 4 days at 20 degrees C, and 7 days at 15 degrees C. They lived for at least 33 and 30 days at 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively. Third-stage larvae probably die when their nutrient stores are exhausted.

• MeSH
• duodenum parazitologie   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci hlodavců parazitologie   MeSH
• Sciuridae parazitologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice parazitologie   MeSH
• Strongyloides anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• strongyloidiáza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nové Skotsko MeSH