INTRODUCTION: Hospitalization is associated with acute changes in sarcopenia status in older people, but the influencing factors are not fully understood. Pre-admission care dependency level as a risk factor has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate if pre-admission care dependency level is an independent predictor of sarcopenia changes following hospitalization. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Data came from the Sarcopenia 9+ EAMA Project, a European prospective multi-centre study. For this study, 227 hospitalised older people were included from four different hospitals in Belgium, Spain and Poland, between 18 February 2019 and 5 September 2020. METHODS: Sarcopenia status at admission and discharge were calculated using a combined score (desirability value) based on muscle mass (calf circumference), strength (grip) and function (walking speed). Ratio of admission to discharge status was the outcome (desirability ratio; 1.00 meaning no difference). Predictor variable was the pre-admission care dependency level, classified into three groups: independent older people living at home, dependent older people living at home and older people living in a care home. Linear regression models were applied, considering potential confounders. RESULTS: Mean desirability ratio for dependent older people living at home ('middle dependent group') was lower (0.89) compared to independent older people (0.98; regression coefficient -0.09 [95% CI -0.16, -0.02]) and care home patients (1.05; -0.16 [95% CI -0.01, -0.31]). Adjusting for potential confounders or using another statistical approach did not affect the main results. CONCLUSION: Dependent older people living at home were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. In-depth studies investigating causes and potential interventions of these findings are needed.

• Klíčová slova
• acute sarcopenia, care dependency, care home, hospitalization, older people,
• MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sarkopenie * diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Physical activity (PA) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders, including sarcopenia. The positive influence of PA interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions. Current reviews on the topic include studies with varied PA interventions for sarcopenia; nevertheless, no systematic review exploring the effects of PA in general on sarcopenia has been published. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in older people on the basis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for articles addressing the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Twenty-five articles were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant association between PA and sarcopenia was documented in most of the studies, as well as the protective role of PA against sarcopenia development. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that PA reduces the odds of acquiring sarcopenia in later life (odds ratio [OR] =0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.55). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the beneficial influence of PA in general for the prevention of sarcopenia.

• Klíčová slova
• aging, physical activity, sarcopenia,
• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sarkopenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

• MeSH
• ambulantní zařízení * MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• kosterní svaly patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sarkopenie diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH

Aging leads to a decrease in muscle function, mass, and strength in skeletal muscle of animals and humans. The transcriptome identified activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, a pathway that is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, and endurance training has a significant effect on improving sarcopenia; however, the exact mechanism still requires further study. We investigated the effect of endurance training on sarcopenia. Six-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as a young control group (group C), and the same month-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into an exercise group (group E) and a model group (group M). A 3-month running exercise intervention was performed on group E, and the other two groups were kept normally. Aging caused significant signs of sarcopenia in the SAMP8 mice, and endurance training effectively improved muscle function, muscle mass, and muscle strength in the SAMP8 mice. The expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway factor was decreased in group E compared with group M, and the expression of SOCS3, the target gene of STAT3, and NR1D1, an atrophy-related factor, was significantly increased. Endurance training significantly improved the phenotypes associated with sarcopenia, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a possible mechanism for the improvement of sarcopenia by endurance training, while NR1D1 may be its potential target. Keywords: Sarcopenia, Endurance training, Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D member 1 (Nr1d1).

• MeSH
• Janus kinasa 2 * metabolismus   MeSH
• kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• sarkopenie * metabolismus   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktor STAT3 * metabolismus   MeSH
• vytrvalostní trénink * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Jak2 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• Janus kinasa 2 * MeSH
• Stat3 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• transkripční faktor STAT3 * MeSH

Sarcopenia is defined as generalized and progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance below a defined threshold. In sarcopenia skeletal muscle mass - the largest body organ - is failing in its function and the term "muscle failure" was suggested. Sarcopeniat is now recognized as a serious clinical problem compromising healthy aging concept and quality of life of affected older people. Sarcopenia has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, which involves not only age-related changes in neuromuscular function, muscle protein turnover, and hormone levels and sensitivity, but also a chronic pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and behavioral factors - particularly nutritional status and degree of physical activity. The paper provides detailed review of screening and diagnostic methods and consensus-based cut off values and biomarkers of potential patophysiologic mechanisms involved in sarcopenia development in individual patient. Further, detailed description of current preventive and therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia is included. These involve structured physical activities, namely progressive resistance training and aerobic activities which prevent muscle loss and improve muscle performance. The effect of exercise is enhanced by nutritional supplementation, particularly through proteoanabolic effect of proteins and some amino acids. There are no currently registered drugs with indication of sarcopenia but there are promising substances in higher phases of clinical trials (such as antimyostatin human monoclonal antibodies, selective androgen receptor modulators) which have the potential to be introduced into clinical practice soon. Conclusions Sarcopenia is a new clinical diagnosis of organ failure of the skeletal muscle function leading to multiple adverse health outcomes. Physicians should be aware of clinical symptoms and diagnostic algorithm and target treatment according to sarcopenia leading causes. Key words: clinical diagnosis and treatment - muscle failure - muscle mass, strength and function - sarcopenia.

• Klíčová slova
• clinical diagnosis and treatment - muscle failure - muscle mass, strength and function - sarcopenia,
• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kosterní svaly MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sarkopenie * komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

UNLABELLED: Sarcopenia is one of the severe disorders associated with nutritional imbalance. While sarcopenia is an inseparable part of the process of ageing as people get older, it plays a vital role in pathological situations such as protein-calorie and kwashiorkor malnutrition, it accompanies various diseases of rheumatic character and is an almost ever-present feature of the clinical picture of oncological patients. Sarcopenia in people under strain is fatally manifested mainly in the elderly, medically fragile patients. In view of the fact that sarcopenia is the decisive factor regarding the course of chronic as well as acute illnesses, it must be diagnosed, monitored and appropriately treated in time. Although nutrition is not the only factor involved especially in older age in the development of sarcopenia, the type of nutritional support and, in the new era, particularly nutritional pharmacology, form the underlying principles of the approach to the comprehensive care of the patient. KEY WORDS: ageing - lipids - malnutrition - proteosynthesis - sarcopenia.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• sarkopenie diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

One of the most widely conserved hallmarks of aging is a decline in functional capabilities. Mobility loss is particularly burdensome due to its association with negative health outcomes, loss of independence and disability, and the heavy impact on quality of life. Recently, a new condition, physical frailty and sarcopenia, has been proposed to define a critical stage in the disabling cascade. Physical frailty and sarcopenia are characterized by weakness, slowness, and reduced muscle mass, yet with preserved ability to move independently. One of the strategies that have shown some benefits in combatting mobility loss and its consequences for older adults is physical activity. Here, we describe the opportunities and challenges for the development of physical activity interventions in people with physical frailty and sarcopenia. The aim of this article is to review age-related physio(patho)logical changes that impact mobility in old age and to provide recommendations and procedures in accordance with the available literature.

• Klíčová slova
• balance, better aging, muscle mass, physical exercise, strength, walking,
• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• křehkost patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• křehký senior statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• sarkopenie patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• úrazy pádem prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia is associated with a poor prognosis in the ICU. The purpose of this study was to describe a simple sarcopenia index using routinely available renal biomarkers and evaluate its association with muscle mass and patient outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary-care medical center. PATIENTS: High-risk adult ICU patients from October 2008 to December 2010. INTERVENTIONS: The gold standard for muscle mass was quantified with the paraspinal muscle surface area at the L4 vertebrae in the subset of individuals with an abdominal CT scan. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, serum creatinine-to-serum cystatin C ratio was found to be the best performer in the estimation of muscle mass. The relationship between sarcopenia index and hospital and 90-day mortality, and the length of mechanical ventilation was evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Out of 226 enrolled patients, 123 (54%) were female, and 198 (87%) were white. Median (interquartile range) age, body mass index, and body surface area were 68 (57-77) years, 28 (24-34) kg/m, and 1.9 (1.7-2.2) m, respectively. The mean (± SD) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III was 70 (± 22). ICU, hospital, and 90-day mortality rates were 5%, 12%, and 20%, respectively. The correlation (r) between sarcopenia index and muscle mass was 0.62 and coefficient of determination (r) was 0.27 (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, body surface area, and age, sarcopenia index was independently predictive of both hospital (p = 0.001) and 90-day mortality (p < 0.0001). Among the 131 patients on mechanical ventilator, the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly lower on those with higher sarcopenia index (-1 d for each 10 unit of sarcopenia index [95% CI, -1.4 to -0.2; p = 0.006]). CONCLUSIONS: The sarcopenia index is a fair measure for muscle mass estimation among ICU patients and can modestly predict hospital and 90-day mortality among patients who do not have acute kidney injury at the time of measurement.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cystatin C krev   MeSH
• hluboké zádové svaly diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích * MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sarkopenie diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• umělé dýchání statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• cystatin C MeSH
• kreatinin MeSH

The sustainability of health and social care systems is threatened by a growing population of older persons with heterogeneous needs related to multimorbidity, frailty, and increased risk of functional impairment. Since disability is difficult to reverse in old age and is extremely burdensome for individuals and society, novel strategies should be devised to preserve adequate levels of function and independence in late life. The development of mobility disability, an early event in the disablement process, precedes and predicts more severe forms of inability. Its prevention is, therefore, critical to impede the transition to overt disability. For this reason, the Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies (SPRINTT) project is conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test a multicomponent intervention (MCI) specifically designed to prevent mobility disability in high-risk older persons. SPRINTT is a phase III, multicenter RCT aimed at comparing the efficacy of a MCI, based on long-term structured physical activity, nutritional counseling/dietary intervention, and an information and communication technology intervention, versus a healthy aging lifestyle education program designed to prevent mobility disability in 1500 older persons with physical frailty and sarcopenia who will be followed for up to 36 months. The primary outcome of the SPRINTT trial is mobility disability, operationalized as the inability to walk for 400 m within 15 min, without sitting, help of another person, or the use of a walker. Secondary outcomes include changes in muscle mass and strength, persistent mobility disability, falls and injurious falls, disability in activities of daily living, nutritional status, cognition, mood, the use of healthcare resources, cost-effectiveness analysis, quality of life, and mortality rate. SPRINTT results are expected to promote significant advancements in the management of frail older persons at high risk of disability from both clinical and regulatory perspectives. The findings are also projected to pave the way for major investments in the field of disability prevention in old age.

• Klíčová slova
• Disability, Functional impairment, Nutrition, Physical activity, Prevention, Unmet needs,
• MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• křehký senior * MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti * MeSH
• sarkopenie prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• úrazy pádem prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The "Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multicomponent Treatment Strategies" (SPRINTT) project sponsored a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the objective to determine the effect of physical activity and nutrition intervention for prevention of mobility disability in community-dwelling frail older Europeans. We describe here the design and feasibility of the SPRINTT nutrition intervention, including techniques used by nutrition interventionists to identify those at risk of malnutrition and to carry out the nutrition intervention. METHODS: SPRINTT RCT recruited older adults (≥ 70 years) from 11 European countries. Eligible participants (n = 1517) had functional limitations measured with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB score 3-9) and low muscle mass as determined by DXA scans, but were able to walk 400 m without assistance within 15 min. Participants were followed up for up to 3 years. The nutrition intervention was carried out mainly by individual nutrition counseling. Nutrition goals included achieving a daily protein intake of 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight, energy intake of 25-30 kcal/kg of body weight/day, and serum vitamin D concentration ≥ 75 mmol/L. Survey on the method strategies and feasibility of the nutrition intervention was sent to all nutrition interventionists of the 16 SPRINTT study sites. RESULTS: Nutrition interventionists from all study sites responded to the survey. All responders found that the SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible for the target population, and it was well received by the majority. The identification of participants at nutritional risk was accomplished by combining information from interviews, questionnaires, clinical and laboratory data. Although the nutrition intervention was mainly carried out using individual nutritional counselling, other assisting methods were used as appropriate. CONCLUSION: The SPRINTT nutrition intervention was feasible and able to adapt flexibly to varying needs of this heterogeneous population. The procedures adopted to identify older adults at risk of malnutrition and to design the appropriate intervention may serve as a model to deliver nutrition intervention for community-dwelling older people with mobility limitations.

• Klíčová slova
• Energy intake, Nutrition counselling, Nutrition intervention, Protein intake, SPRINTT,
• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• křehkost * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• samostatný způsob života MeSH
• sarkopenie * epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH