One of the most widely conserved hallmarks of aging is a decline in functional capabilities. Mobility loss is particularly burdensome due to its association with negative health outcomes, loss of independence and disability, and the heavy impact on quality of life. Recently, a new condition, physical frailty and sarcopenia, has been proposed to define a critical stage in the disabling cascade. Physical frailty and sarcopenia are characterized by weakness, slowness, and reduced muscle mass, yet with preserved ability to move independently. One of the strategies that have shown some benefits in combatting mobility loss and its consequences for older adults is physical activity. Here, we describe the opportunities and challenges for the development of physical activity interventions in people with physical frailty and sarcopenia. The aim of this article is to review age-related physio(patho)logical changes that impact mobility in old age and to provide recommendations and procedures in accordance with the available literature.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Clinical Gerontology University Hospital of Limoges Limoges France

Department of Health and Fitness Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Health Services Research Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Respiratory Medicine School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands

Faculty of Health Promotion Sports and Leisure Studies School of Education University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland

Faculty of Social and Health Sciences South Bohemian University Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy

Foundation for Biomedical Research Getafe University Hospital Madrid Spain

Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People Diabetes Frail Ltd Luton UK

Geriatrics Service University Hospital of Getafe Madrid Spain

Institute for Biomedicine of Aging FAU Erlangen Nürnberg Nürnberg Germany

Medical University of Graz Department of Internal Medicine Graz Austria

Medical University of Graz Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Graz Austria

PRISMATICS Poitiers University Hospital Poitiers France

Scientific Direction IRCCS INRCA Ancona Italy

The Icelandic Gerontological Research Center Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy

University Hospital of Ramon Cajal IRYCIS Madrid Spain

University of Helsinki Clinicum Helsinki Finland; Helsinki University Hospital Medicine and Rehabilitation Helsinki Finland

University of Helsinki Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care Helsinki University Central Hospital Unit of Primary Health Care Helsinki Finland

University of Oulu Center for Life Course Health Research Oulu Finland

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