The purpose of this study is to deal with the problem of anaerobic cultivation of clinical specimens and consider the possibility of using semi-automated blood culture instruments. The Bactec Lytic, BacT/Alert FAN Anaerobic and BacT/Alert FN Anaerobic bottles were inoculated with Bacteriodes fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Feingoldia magna strains. The times to detection (TTD) for positive bottles were evaluated with reference to the number of inoculated bacteria. Inoculation with the same suspension of equal bacterial strain resulted in shorter TTD values for all the Bactec Lytic bottles as compared with the BacT/Alert FAN Anaerobic or BacT/Alert FN Anaerobic bottles, respectively. Statistically significant differences were recorded (p=0,05) by Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens species. Feingoldia magna was submitted to culture in the Bactec Lytic alone. The anaerobic blood culture bottles are deemed acceptable for application in the culture of anaerobc isolates drawn from other samples except for blood (namely when prompt delivery of the sample to the laboratory is impossible and the sample can suffer damage), however, only a limited range of microorganisms can be taken into account for the detection purposes. The Bactec Lytic bottles are more appropriately designed for the detection of anaerobic bacterial species compared to the BacT/Alert FAN Anaerobic and BacT/Alert FN Anaerobic bottles. They achieve faster growth parametres and provide more successful readings of anaerobic bacteria culture and detection.

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie růst a vývoj   MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• krev * MeSH
• kultivační média * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média * MeSH

For culture, isolation and determination of susceptibility of anaerobic pathogens in human microbiology, crucial is the quality of bacteriological culture media for this type of testing. Since anaerobic bacteria are difficult to culture and anaerobic infections are potentially serious, careful attention must be paid to preparation, storing and use of these media. The article provides an overview of numerous solid and liquid culture media used in the diagnosis of anaerobic bacteria.

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kultivační média * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média * MeSH

Waste biomass is considered a promising renewable energy feedstock that can be converted by anaerobic digestion. However, anaerobic digestion application can be challenging due to the structural complexity of several waste biomass kinds. Therefore, coupling anaerobic digestion with thermochemical processes can offset the limitations and convert the hardly biodegradable waste biomass, including digestate residue, into value-added products: syngas and pyrogas (gaseous mixtures consisting mainly of H2, CO, CO2), bio-oil, and biochar for further valorisation. In this review, the utilisation boundaries and benefits of the aforementioned products by anaerobic culture are discussed. First, thermochemical process parameters for an enhanced yield of desired products are summarised. Particularly, the microbiology of CO and H2 mixture biomethanation and fermentation in anaerobic digestion is presented. Finally, the state-of-the-art biological conversion of syngas and pyrogas to CH4 mediated by anaerobic culture is adequately described. Extensive research shows the successful selective biological conversion of CO and H2 to CH4, acetic acid, and alcohols. The main bottleneck is the gas-liquid mass transfer which can be enhanced appropriately by bioreactors' configurations. A few research groups focus on bio-oil and biochar addition into anaerobic digesters. However, according to the literature review, there has been no research for utilising all value-added products at once in anaerobic digestion published so far. Although synergic effects of such can be expected. In summary, the combination of anaerobic digestion and thermochemical processes is a promising alternative for wide-scale waste biomass utilisation in practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Anaerobic digestion, Biological conversion, Methane, Pyrogas, Syngas, Thermochemical processes,
• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• bioreaktory MeSH
• methan MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý * MeSH
• vodík * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methan MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý * MeSH
• vodík * MeSH

Syngas fermentation to acetate offers a promising solution for its valorisation, particularly when syngas contains a high N2 concentration, which otherwise impedes the utilisation of syngas biomethanation gaseous product in cogeneration or upgrading units. In this study, continuous lab-scale syngas fermentation assessing the effects of acidic pH and psychrophilic conditions (28 °C and 20 °C) on bioconversion efficiency and anaerobic consortium diversity was studied. The results showed that as temperature and pH decrease, acetate yield increases. The highest H2 and CO consumption rates were observed at 20 °C and pH 4.5, reaching 48.4 mmol/(L·d) and 31.5 mmol/(L·d), respectively, and methanogenic activity was not completely suppressed. The microbial community composition indicated an enhanced abundance of acetate-producing bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens at 28 °C. The PICRUSt2 prediction of metabolic potential indicated that temperature and pH changes appear to have a more pronounced impact on acetotrophic methanogenesis genes than carbon dioxide-based methanogenesis genes.

• Klíčová slova
• Acetate, Acidic, Anaerobic culture, Psychrophilic, Syngas fermentation,
• MeSH
• acetáty MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• bioreaktory * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• methan metabolismus   MeSH
• plyny * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• methan MeSH
• plyny * MeSH

This study investigated silage quality characteristics and ruminal fiber degradability of grass and straw ensiled with either anaerobic fungi (AF) supernatant with active fungal enzymes or mixed ruminal fluid as novel silage additives. Compared to control silages, AF supernatant improved the quality of grass and straw silages as evidenced by decreased pH, acetic acid concentration, and dry matter losses. Likewise, mixed ruminal fluid enhanced lactic acid fermentation, which further resulted in lower pH of the treated grass silage. The ruminal fiber degradability was determined using in situ incubations and, compared to controls, the cellulose degradability was higher for grass silage with AF supernatant, whereas ruminal degradability of straw silage was reduced by this treatment. In contrast, mixed ruminal fluid did not influence fiber degradability of silages in the rumen. Concluding, both novel additives improved silage quality, whereas only AF supernatant enhanced ruminal fiber degradability of grass silage and therefore may represent an approach for improving forage utilization by ruminants. KEY POINTS: • Enzymes of anaerobic fungi supernatant improve quality of grass and straw silages. • Mixed ruminal fluid enhances lactic acid fermentation when ensiling grass and straw. • Enzymes of anaerobic fungi supernatant increase ruminal grass silage degradability.

• Klíčová slova
• Anaerobic fungi, Enzymes, Forage, Ruminant, Silage additive,
• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• bachor * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• houby MeSH
• kyselina mléčná metabolismus   MeSH
• lipnicovité MeSH
• potravní vláknina metabolismus   MeSH
• siláž * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• celulosa MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• potravní vláknina MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• BACTERIA *,
• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie * MeSH
• Bacteria * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie růst a vývoj   MeSH
• isomaltosa MeSH
• kultivační média * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• isomaltosa MeSH
• kultivační média * MeSH
• teferrol MeSH Prohlížeč
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

The increasing global population and urbanization have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly concerning vacuum blackwater (VBW), which is the wastewater generated from vacuum toilets. Traditional treatment methods, such as landfilling and composting, often fall short in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering benefits such as biogas production and digestate generation. However, the performance of AD can be influenced by various factors, including the composition of the feedstock, pH levels, and the presence of inhibitors. This review investigates the effects of calcium oxide (CaO)-modified biochar (BC) as an additive in AD of VBW. Modifying BC with CaO enhances its alkalinity, nutrient retention, and adsorption capacity, creating a more favorable environment for microorganisms and promoting biogas production, which serves as a valuable source of heat, fuel and electricity. Additionally, the digestate can be processed through plasma pyrolysis to ensure the complete destruction of pathogens while promoting resource utilization. Plasma pyrolysis operates at extremely high temperatures, effectively sterilizing the digestate and eliminating both pathogens and harmful contaminants. This process not only guarantees the safety of the end products, but also transforms organic materials into valuable outputs such as syngas and slag. The syngas produced is a versatile energy carrier that can be utilized as a source of hydrogen, electricity, and heat, making it a valuable resource for various applications, including fuel cells and power generation. Furthermore, the slag has potential for reuse as an additive in the AD process or as a biofertilizer to enhance soil properties. This study aims to provide insights into the benefits of using modified BC as a co-substrate in AD systems. The findings will contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient waste management strategies, addressing the challenges associated with VBW treatment while promoting renewable energy production.

• Klíčová slova
• anaerobic digestion, bioenergy recovery, calcium oxide-modified biochar, integrated methods, vacuum blackwater,
• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• biopaliva MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie   MeSH
• odpadní voda * chemie   MeSH
• oxidy * chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny vápníku * chemie   MeSH
• vakuum MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
• biopaliva MeSH
• dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
• lime MeSH Prohlížeč
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• oxidy * MeSH
• sloučeniny vápníku * MeSH

The polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces joyonii A4 was cultivated on microcrystalline cellulose alone and in association with the rumen chitinolytic bacterium Clostridium sp. strain ChK5, which shows strong phenotypic similarity to Clostridium tertium. The presence of strain ChK5 significantly depressed the solubilization of microcrystalline cellulose, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the release of endoglucanase by the fungus. Co-culture of the monocentric anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis strain RE1, Neocallimastix sp. strain G-1 and Caecomyces sp. strain SC2 with strain ChK5 also resulted in depressed fungal cellulolysis. Cell-free supernatant fluids from strain ChK5 inhibited the release of reducing sugars from carboxymethylcellulose by cell-free supernatant fluids from O. joyonii strain A4. Strain 007 of the cellulolytic anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens was also shown to produce small amounts of soluble products upon incubation with colloidal chitin. Mixtures of culture supernates from this bacterium and from O. joyonii strain A4 showed cellulase activity that was less than that of the component cultures. It is suggested that the ability of some rumen bacteria to hydrolyse or transform chitin may be an important factor in the interactions between bacteria and fungi in the rumen.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• antibióza * MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• celulasa metabolismus   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• chitin metabolismus   MeSH
• chitinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• grampozitivní tyčinky enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• houby enzymologie   MeSH
• kultivační média speciální farmakologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celulasa MeSH
• celulosa MeSH
• chitin MeSH
• chitinasy MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• kultivační média speciální MeSH

The anaerobic fungus Anaeromyces mucronatus KF8 grown in batch culture on M10 medium with rumen fluid and microcrystalline cellulose as carbon source produced a broad range of enzymes requisite for degradation of plant structural and storage saccharides including cellulase, endoglucanase, xylanase, alpha-xylosidase, beta-xylosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, mannosidase, cellobiohydrolase, amylase, laminarinase, pectinase and pectate lyase. These enzymes were detected in both the intra- and extracellular fractions, but production into the medium was prevalent with the exception of intracellular beta-xylosidase, chitinases, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and lipase. Xylanase activity was predominant among the polysaccharide hydrolases. Extracellular production of xylanase was stimulated by the presence of cellobiose and oat spelt xylan. Zymogram of xylanases of strain KF8 grown on different carbon sources revealed several isoforms of xylanases with approximate molar masses ranging from 26 to 130 kDa.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• celobiosa metabolismus   MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• fungální proteiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy biosyntéza   chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• Neocallimastigales enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• xylany metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celobiosa MeSH
• celulosa MeSH
• fungální proteiny MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• xylany MeSH