Immobilization after trauma escalates risk of thrombosis. Our objective was to determine whether there is a difference in rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after immobilization with plastic casts or routinely plaster of Paris in trauma patients. Despite both groups of patients do not show difference in blood coagulation tests (APTT, TT, PT, levels of fibrinogen and of D-dimer in plasma) during time of immobilization the evidence of DVT according to scintigraphy was lower in group of patients with plastic casts (3 per cent to 10 per cent).

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imobilizace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• plastické hmoty * MeSH
• poranění kotníku terapie   MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• tromboembolie etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• plastické hmoty * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Plaster casts of individual patients are important for orthodontic specialists during the treatment process and their analysis is still a standard diagnostical tool. But the growing capabilities of information technology enable their replacement by digital models obtained by complex scanning systems. METHOD: This paper presents the possibility of using a digital camera as a simple instrument to obtain the set of digital images for analysis and evaluation of the treatment using appropriate mathematical tools of image processing. The methods studied in this paper include the segmentation of overlapping dental bodies and the use of different illumination sources to increase the reliability of the separation process. The circular Hough transform, region growing with multiple seed points, and the convex hull detection method are applied to the segmentation of orthodontic plaster cast images to identify dental arch objects and their sizes. RESULTS: The proposed algorithm presents the methodology of improving the accuracy of segmentation of dental arch components using combined illumination sources. Dental arch parameters and distances between the canines and premolars for different segmentation methods were used as a measure to compare the results obtained. CONCLUSION: A new method of segmentation of overlapping dental arch components using digital records of illuminated plaster casts provides information with the precision required for orthodontic treatment. The distance between corresponding teeth was evaluated with a mean error of 1.38% and the Dice similarity coefficient of the evaluated dental bodies boundaries reached 0.9436 with a false positive rate [Formula: see text] and false negative rate [Formula: see text].

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• analogově digitální konverze MeSH
• datové soubory jako téma MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy * MeSH
• fotografování metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osvětlení metody   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• poměr signál - šum MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací MeSH
• zubní oblouk anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zubní odlitky - technika * MeSH
• zubní záznamy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pigs are frequently used as animal models in experimental medicine. To identify processes of vascular development or regression, vascular elements must be recognised and quantified in a three-dimensional (3D) arrangement. Vascular corrosion casts enable the creation of 3D replicas of vascular trees. The aim of our study was to identify suitable casting media and optimise the protocol for porcine liver vascular corrosion casting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mercox II® (Ladd Research, Williston, Vermont, USA) and Biodur E20® Plus (Biodur Products, Heidelberg, Germany) were tested in 4 porcine livers. The resins (volume approximately 700 mL) were injected via the portal vein. Corrosion casts were examined by macro-computed tomography, micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: For hepatectomies, the operating protocol was optimised to avoid gas or blood clot embolisation. We present a protocol for porcine liver vascular bed casting based on corrosion specimens prepared using Biodur E20® epoxy resin. CONCLUSIONS: Only Biodur E20®Plus appeared to be suitable for high-volume vascular corrosion casting due to its optimal permeability, sufficient processing time and minimum fragility. Biodur E20® Plus is slightly elastic, radio-opaque and alcohol-resistant. These properties make this acrylic resin suitable for not only vascular research but also teaching purposes.

• Klíčová slova
• Biodur E20, micro-computed tomography, porcine liver, scanning electron microscopy, vascular corrosion cast,
• MeSH
• játra krevní zásobení   MeSH
• kapiláry MeSH
• koroze MeSH
• korozní odlévání MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• FRACTURES/therapy *, PLASTER CASTS *,
• MeSH
• fraktury kostí terapie   MeSH
• histologické techniky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In teaching and learning human anatomy, anatomical autopsy and prosected specimens have always been indispensable. However, alternative methods must often be used to demonstrate particularly delicate structures. Corrosion casting of porcine organs with Biodur E20® Plus is valuable for teaching and learning both gross anatomy and, uniquely, the micromorphology of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urogenital systems. Assessments of casts with a stereomicroscope and/or scanning electron microscope as well as highlighting cast structures using color coding help students to better understand how the structures that they have observed as two-dimensional images actually exist in three dimensions, and students found using the casts to be highly effective in their learning. Reconstructions of cast hollow structures from (micro-)computed tomography scans and videos facilitate detailed analyses of branching patterns and spatial arrangements in cast structures, aid in the understanding of clinically relevant structures and provide innovative visual aids. The casting protocol and teaching manual we offer can be adjusted to different technical capabilities and might also be found useful for veterinary or other biological science classes.

• Klíčová slova
• Anatomy, Biodur E20(®) Plus, Corrosion casting, Microcomputed tomography, Pig,
• MeSH
• anatomické modely * MeSH
• anatomie výchova   MeSH
• audiovizuální pomůcky MeSH
• cévy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• kapiláry anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• korozní odlévání metody   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• prasata anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Sus scrofa anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• vyučování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To compare traditional plaster casts, digital models and 3D printed copies of dental plaster casts based on various criteria. To determine whether 3D printed copies obtained using open source system RepRap can replace traditional plaster casts in dental practice. To compare and contrast the qualities of two possible 3D printing options--source system RepRap and commercially available 3D printing. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A method comparison study on 10 dental plaster casts from the Orthodontic department, Department of Stomatology, 2nd medical Faulty, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Each of 10 plaster casts were scanned by inEos Blue scanner and the printed on 3D printer RepRap [10 models] and ProJet HD3000 3D printer [1 model]. Linear measurements between selected points on the dental arches of upper and lower jaws on plaster casts and its 3D copy were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 3D printed copies have many advantages over traditional plaster casts. The precision and accuracy of the RepRap 3D printed copies of plaster casts were confirmed based on the statistical analysis. Although the commercially available 3D printing enables to print more details than the RepRap system, it is expensive and for the purpose of clinical use can be replaced by the cheaper prints obtained from RepRap printed copies. CONCLUSIONS: Scanning of the traditional plaster casts to obtain a digital model offers a pragmatic approach. The scans can subsequently be used as a template to print the plaster casts as required. Using 3D printers can replace traditional plaster casts primarily due to their accuracy and price.

• MeSH
• anatomické modely * MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• tiskařství přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• zubní lékařství * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PLASTER CASTS *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obvazy * MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CASTS, SURGICAL *, SCOLIOSIS/therapy *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyestery * MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• skolióza terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polyestery * MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CAST *, FRACTURES *, HUMERUS *,
• MeSH
• dlahy * MeSH
• fraktury kostí * MeSH
• humerus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CASTS, SURGICAL *, SCOLIOSIS/therapy *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sádrové obvazy * MeSH
• skolióza terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH