We evaluated the effect of the application of cryo-preserved amniotic membrane on the healing of 26 non-healing wounds (18 patients) with varying aetiologies and baseline sizes (average of 15.4 cm2 ), which had resisted the standard of care treatment for 6 to 456 weeks (average 88.8 weeks). Based on their average general responses to the application of cryo-preserved AM, we could differentiate three wound groups. The first healed group was characterised by complete healing (100% wound closure, maximum treatment period 38 weeks) and represented 62% of treated wounds. The wound area reduction of at least 50% was reached for all wounds in this group within the first 10 weeks of treatment. Exactly 19% of the studied wounds responded partially to the treatment (partially healed group), reaching less than 25% of closure in the first 10 weeks and 90% at maximum for extended treatment period (up to 78 weeks). The remaining 19% of treated wounds did not show any reaction to the AM application (unhealed defects). The three groups have different profiles of wound area reduction, which can be used as a guideline in predicting the healing prognosis of non-healing wounds treated with a cryo-preserved amniotic membrane.

• Keywords
• cryo-preserved amniotic membrane, healing dynamics, non-healing wounds,
• MeSH
• Amnion * MeSH
• Wound Healing * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Surgical wound complications remain a major cause of morbidity; although usually not life threatening, they reduce the quality of life. They are also associated with excessive health care costs. Wound healing is affected by many factors - wound characteristics, infection, comorbidities and nutritional status of the patient. In addition, though, psychological stress and depression may decrease the inflammatory response required for bacterial clearance and so delay wound healing, as well. Although the patient´s state of mind can be influenced only to a certain extent, we should nevertheless stick to ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) guidelines and try to diminish fear and anxiety by providing enough information preoperatively, pay due attention to postoperative analgesia and seek to provide an agreeable environment.

• Keywords
• wound healing, ERAS, depression, stress,
• MeSH
• Surgical Wound * psychology   MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Quality of Life * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) grafts in chronic wound healing, including the mean percentage of wound closure per one AM application, and to determine whether the healing efficiency differs between AM grafts obtained from different placentas. A retrospective study analyzing inter-placental differences in healing capacity and mean wound closure after the application of 96 AM grafts prepared from nine placentas. Only the placentas from which the AM grafts were applied to patients suffering from long-lasting non-healing wounds successfully healed by AM treatment were included. The data from the rapidly progressing wound-closure phase (p-phase) were analyzed. The mean efficiency for each placenta, expressed as an average of wound area reduction (%) seven days after the AM application (baseline, 100%), was calculated from at least 10 applications. No statistical difference between the nine placentas' efficiency was found in the progressive phase of wound healing. The 7-day average wound reduction in particular placentas varied from 5.70 to 20.99% (median from 1.07 to 17.75) of the baseline. The mean percentage of wound surface reduction of all analyzed defects one week after the application of cryopreserved AM graft was 12.17 ± 20.12% (average ± SD). No significant difference in healing capacity was observed between the nine placentas. The data suggest that if there are intra- and inter-placental differences in AM sheets' healing efficacy, they are overridden by the actual health status of the subject or even the status of its individual wounds.

• Keywords
• Amniotic membrane, Placenta, Wound healing efficiency,
• MeSH
• Amnion * transplantation   MeSH
• Wound Healing MeSH
• Cryopreservation MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Placenta * MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Keywords
• WOUND HEALING *,
• MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Keywords
• THIOPENTAL *, WOUND HEALING *,
• MeSH
• Ethanol * MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Thiopental * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Ethanol * MeSH
• Thiopental * MeSH

Optimization of chronic wound treatment has been constantly a subject of research. Understanding the physiological healing of wounds, permanent development of new dressing materials and correct observance of antiseptic guidelines have led to new approaches in the care of chronic wounds. The primary objective in treatment and care of chronic wounds is rapid wound closure with a functional and aesthetically acceptable scar. Though primary healing wounds is simple, many problems occur in chronic wounds, especially in the elderly and in patients with associated comorbidities. The wound should be maintained in conditions ensuring physiological healing. The condition of each wound must be properly evaluated; the wound must be carefully cleaned and then treated individually according to the current stage of healing. Many of the formerly used therapeutic procedures are outdated today. At present we have numerous modern materials including bioactive dressings which should be used in treatment of chronic wounds. New findings in molecular and cellular biology have improved our knowledge of the physiological healing of wounds and the approach to wound treatment.

• Keywords
• chronic wound, defects of soft tissues, diabetic foot syndrome, wound dressing, wound healing,
• MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Bandages * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Wound healing is a very complex process, where variety of different pathways is activated, depending on the phase of healing. Improper or interrupted healing might result in development of chronic wounds. Therefore, novel approaches based on detailed knowledge of signalling pathways that are activated during acute or chronic cutaneous wound healing enables quicker and more effective healing. This review outlined new possibilities of cutaneous wound healing by modulation of some signalling molecules, e.g., gasotransmitters, or calcium. Special focus is given to gasotransmitters, since these bioactive signalling molecules that can freely diffuse into the cell and exert antioxidative effects. Calcium is an important booster of immune system and it can significantly contribute to healing process. Special interest is given to chronic wounds caused by diabetes mellitus and overcoming problems with the inflammation.

• Keywords
• calcium, diabetes mellitus, gasotransmitters, hydrogen peroxide, wound healing,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

The primary function of the skin is that of a physical barrier against the environment and diverse pathogens; therefore, its integrity is essential for survival. Skin regeneration depends on multiple stem cell compartments within the epidermis, which, despite their different transcriptional and proliferative capacity, as well as different anatomical location, fall under the general term of skin stem cells (SSCs). Skin wounds can normally heal without problem; however, some diseases or extensive damage may delay or prevent healing. Non-healing wounds represent a serious and life-threatening scenario that may require advanced therapeutic strategies. In this regard, increased focus has been directed at SSCs and their role in wound healing, although emerging therapeutical approaches are considering the use of other stem cells instead, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Given its extensive and broad nature, this review supplies newcomers with an introduction to SSCs, wound healing, and therapeutic strategies for skin regeneration, thus familiarizing the reader with the subject in preparation for future in depth reading.

• Keywords
• non-healing wounds, skin regeneration, skin stem cells, tissue engineering, wound healing,
• MeSH
• Skin Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Skin injuries   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mesenchymal Stem Cells MeSH
• Regeneration * MeSH
• Tissue Engineering MeSH
• Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Our understanding of fracture healing has undergone an evolution over many decades with continuous improvement of fracture treatment. Solid union is a precondition of restoring the function of a fractured bone. The goal of the early treatment of the fracture was focussed upon enabling solid union in acceptable alignment of the fracture. This was achieved with reduction followed by application of external splints. The function of the articulations was often troubled by long lasting and extensive external immobilization, which required physiotherapy that lasted longer than bone union. The surgical reduction and stabilization aimed at early recovery of movement of the articulations and maintenance of the function of the soft tissues and blood supply. The AO group initiated 1958 by Maurice E. Müller and his colleagues prioritized the recovery of limb function and propagated precise reduction and fixation using mainly compression. Absolute stability of fixation, achieved using implants, allowed to move the articulations very early without pain, while the fracture united solidly. After such treatment the implants could not be removed before 1 1/2 to 2 years without risking increased incidence of re-fracture. This was in sharp contrast to the fact that after conservative treatment the bone was solidly united after 2 to 3 months. The analysis of this situation revealed that internal remodelling after absolutely stable fixation did not recognize the presence of the fracture. Primary healing, therefore, is not a healing in the strict sense of the word but a side effect of internal removal of necrotic bone. To maintain early function of the limb and stimulate the healing process the so called biological internal fixation was developed. It combines minimal surgical trauma, acceptable rather than precise reduction and flexible fixation usually achieved with so called internal fixateurs. Flexibility of mind and of tools aims at safe and early healing with full recovery of function and minimal risk of biological complications.

• MeSH
• Fracture Fixation MeSH
• Fracture Healing physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• SKIN/wounds and injuries *, WOUND HEALING *,
• MeSH
• Wound Healing * MeSH
• Skin injuries   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH