Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used to assess medical patients. It has many uses in daily clinical practice, including improved diagnostic timeliness and accuracy, and providing information about a patient's prognosis and follow-up. It has been integrated into numerous specialities, but remains relatively undefined in internal medicine training programs. Ultrasonography is a useful tool in the standard clinical practice of internists in numerous clinical scenarios (Emergency Department, hospital ward, general and specific consultations, and home care). Although POCUS has been recently included in the European curriculum of internal medicine, there are differences between European internists in its use, ranging from not at all to well structured educational programs. The use of POCUS needs to be widespread in internal medicine departments, and to accomplish this we must encourage structured training. This document details the consensus-based recommendations by the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) Ultrasound working group. We establish POCUS core competencies and clinical settings for internists in a symptom-based approach. We also propose training requirements, providing a framework for training programs at a national level.

• Klíčová slova
• Internal medicine, Point-of-care ultrasound, Training, Ultrasound,
• MeSH
• kurikulum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• point of care testing MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• vnitřní lékařství * výchova   MeSH
• vyšetření u lůžka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This work aims to emphasize that the magnetic response of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is driven by the NPs' internal structure, and the NP size dependencies of magnetic properties are overestimated. The relationship between the degree of the NPs' crystallinity and magnetic response is unambiguously demonstrated in eight samples of uniform maghemite/magnetite NPs and corroborated with the results obtained for about 20 samples of spinel ferrite NPs with different degrees of crystallinity. The NP samples were prepared by the thermal decomposition of an organic iron precursor subjected to varying reaction conditions, yielding variations in the NP size, shape and relative crystallinity. We characterized the samples by using several complementary methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS). We evaluated the NPs' relative crystallinity by comparing the NP sizes determined from TEM and PXRD and further inspecting the NPs' internal structure and relative crystallinity by using HR-TEM. The results of the structural characterization were put in the context of the NPs' magnetic response. In this work, the highest saturation magnetization (Ms) was measured for the smallest but well-crystalline NPs, while the larger NPs exhibiting worse crystallinity revealed a lower Ms. Our results clearly demonstrate that the NP crystallinity level that is mirrored in the internal spin order drives the specific magnetic response of the single-domain NPs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) blur the line between viruses and cells. Melbournevirus (MelV, family Marseilleviridae) belongs to a new family of NCLDVs. Here we present an electron cryo-microscopy structure of the MelV particle, with the large triangulation number T = 309 constructed by 3080 pseudo-hexagonal capsomers. The most distinct feature of the particle is a large and dense body (LDB) consistently found inside all particles. Electron cryo-tomography of 147 particles shows that the LDB is preferentially located in proximity to the probable lipid bilayer. The LDB is 30 nm in size and its density matches that of a genome/protein complex. The observed LDB reinforces the structural complexity of MelV, setting it apart from other NCLDVs.

• Klíčová slova
• Amoeba, Capsid, Cryo-electron microscopy, Marseilleviridae, Melbournevirus, NCLDV, Protein complex, Structure, Tomography, Virus,
• MeSH
• DNA viry genetika   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• elektronová kryomikroskopie MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• kapsida metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• sestavení viru MeSH
• virion genetika   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• virové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• virové proteiny MeSH

• MeSH
• hlavové nervy analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míšní nervy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• periferní nervy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Porous ceramic composites play an important role in several applications. This is due to their unique properties resulting from a combination of various materials. Determination of the composite properties and structure is crucial for their further development and optimization. However, composite analysis often requires complex, expensive, and time-demanding experimental work. Mathematical modeling represents an effective tool to substitute experimental approach. The present study employs a Monte Carlo 3D equivalent electronic circuit network model developed to analyze a highly porous composite on the basis of minimum easily obtainable input parameters. Solid oxide cell electrodes were used as a model example, and this study focuses primarily on materials with a porosity of 55% and higher, characterized by deviation of behavior from those of lower void fraction share. This task is approached by adding to the original Monte Carlo model an additional parameter defining the void phase coalescence phenomenon. The enhanced model accurately simulates electrical conductivity for experimental samples of up to 75% porosity. Using sample composition, single-phase properties, and experimentally determined conductivity, this model allows us to estimate data of the internal structure of the material. This approach offers a rapid and cost-effective method to study material microstructure, providing insights into properties, such as electrical conductivity and heat conductivity. The present research thus contributes to advancing predictive capabilities in understanding and optimizing the performance of composite materials with potential in various technological applications.

• Klíčová slova
• Monte Carlo simulation, equivalent electronic circuit network, highly porous composite electrical conductor, impedance response simulation, structure geometry prediction,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) are structured cis-acting RNAs that drive an alternative, cap-independent translation initiation pathway. They are used by many viruses to hijack the translational machinery of the host cell. IRESs facilitate translation initiation by recruiting and actively manipulating the eukaryotic ribosome using only a subset of canonical initiation factor and IRES transacting factors. Here we present cryo-EM reconstructions of the ribosome 80S- and 40S-bound Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) IRES. The presence of four subpopulations for the 80S•HCV IRES complex reveals dynamic conformational modes of the complex. At a global resolution of 3.9 Å for the most stable complex, a derived atomic model reveals a complex fold of the IRES RNA and molecular details of its interaction with the ribosome. The comparison of obtained structures explains how a modular architecture facilitates mRNA loading and tRNA binding to the P-site. This information provides the structural foundation for understanding the mechanism of HCV IRES RNA-driven translation initiation.

• Klíčová slova
• 80S ribosome, IRES RNA, cryo‐electron microscopy, internal initiation, translational control,
• MeSH
• hepatitida C metabolismus   MeSH
• IRES * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• podjednotky ribozomu chemie   MeSH
• RNA virová chemie   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• IRES * MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Vertically unstable transforaminal sacral fractures can be stabilized with several types of transiliac internal fixators (TIFI): the classical one (TIFI-C), the supraacetabular one (TIFI-A) and by dual application of TIFI (DTIFI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Pelvic models made of solid foam (Sawbones 1301) were used in the study. Mechanical loading tests were performed in order to assess the stiffness of the studied pelvic structures. The stiffness of the intact model was approximated as the slope of load/displacement curve. Then vertically unstable right-sided linear transforaminal fracture was created and subsequently fixed by TIFI-C, TIFI-A and DTIFI (each fixator for a separate model). The fixation techniques were compared based on the ratio between the stiffness of the treated and of the intact pelvis. Motion of the posterior pelvic structures and their deformations were measured using a photogrammetric system with four synchronous cameras. Loads applied at the base of sacrum and sacral base displacements were recorded by the testing device and used to assess the stiffness of the model structure. A dedicated load cell and a monoaxial extensometer were utilised. Every measurement was repeated at least 10 times. Obtained data were analysed by one way ANOVA test with post hoc comparison by Tukey HSD test. RESULTS Mean stiffness ratio (±1SD) of pelvic structure was 0.638 ± 0.005 for TIFI-C, 0.722 ± 0.014 for TIFI-A and 0.720 ± 0.008 for DTIFI. Dual transiliac internal fixation and supraacetabular fixation were superior to the classical one (p < 0.0001), but DTIFI and TIFI-A stiffness ratios were statistically equivalent (p = 0.9112). CONCLUSIONS Results of the mechanical analysis using pelvic models indicate that for linear vertical transforaminal sacral fracture without comminuted zone, an application of either TIFI-A or DTIFI provides significantly higher stiffness of the lateral pelvic segment than application of TIFI-C. Key words: transforaminal sacral fracture, transiliac internal fixator, dual TIFI, stability, biomechanics, digital image correlation.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• fraktury kostí * MeSH
• interní fixátory MeSH
• kostní šrouby MeSH
• křížová kost chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanické testy MeSH
• pánev MeSH
• pánevní kosti * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The primary aim of the study is to examine the psychometric properties and the structure of the Czech version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and to estimate the rate of risky, harmful and problematic alcohol consumers. METHODS AND SAMPLE: Two large data sets were analyzed. The first was based on the application of the AUDIT as a part of a general population survey (N = 1.326; age range 18-64), the second represents data gathered by general practitioners (GPs) in the context of a pilot screening and brief advice (SBA) project in the area of Greater Prague (N = 2.589). RESULTS: Analyses of reliability showed satisfying internal consistency of the AUDIT (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83 for population survey and 0.77 for survey based on SBA). Principal component analyses suggest two factor solutions where one factor represents drinking patterns and the second alcohol-related problems or symptoms of dependence. The principal component analyses of both data sets led to similar factor formation. A total of 19% of the general population sample was classified as risky or harmful drinkers and 2% as problem drinkers. These figures were slightly lower in the sample of patients of general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: The Czech version of the AUDIT seems to be a plausible screening instrument. The properties of the instrument suggest usefulness of the summary score for identification of the level of risk.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• plošný screening metody   MeSH
• praktické lékařství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
• psychologické testy * MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

This study reports the first Co2 (CO)8 -catalyzed [2+2+2] polycyclotrimerization by the transformation of internal ethynyl groups of aromatic diyne monomers. The reaction yields polycyclotrimers of polyphenylene-type with either hyperbranched or partly crosslinked architecture. The homopolycyclotrimerization of the monomers with two ethynyl groups per one molecule, namely 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene, 4,4'-bis(phenylethynyl)biphenyl, and 4-(phenylethynyl)phenylacetylene, gives partly crosslinked, insoluble polyphenylenes. The soluble, hyperbranched polyphenylenes are generated via copolycyclotrimerization of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene with 1,2-diphenylacetylene (average number of ethynyl groups per monomer molecule < 2). This one-step polycyclotrimerization path to hyperbranched or partly crosslinked polyphenylenes is an alternative to the synthesis of these polymers by Diels-Alder transformation of substituted cyclopentadienones. All polyphenylenes prepared exhibit photoluminescence with emission maxima ranging from 381 to 495 nm. Polyphenylenes with a less compact packing of segments are microporous (specific surface area up to 159 m2 g-1 ), which is particularly important in the case of soluble polyphenylenes because they can be potentially used to prepare microporous layers.

• Klíčová slova
• internal diynes, microporous polymers, photoluminescence, polycyclotrimerization, polyphenylenes,
• MeSH
• diyny chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• luminiscenční látky chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• makromolekulární látky chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• polymerizace MeSH
• polymery chemie   MeSH
• poréznost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diyny MeSH
• luminiscenční látky MeSH
• makromolekulární látky MeSH
• polymery MeSH
• polyphenylene sulfide MeSH Prohlížeč

The internal male reproductive organs of Tramea virginia consist of a pair of testes, a pair of vasa deferentia (which in adult modify distally into seminal vesicles), a median sperm sac and a short ejaculatory duct. The development of the genital tract occurs in the ultimate nymph. Each testicular lobule contains the gametes showing collectively only a single stage of spermatogenesis. The process of spermatogenesis is vigorous in the ultimate nymph and, therefore, the newly emerged imago contains active spermatozoa in its testicular lobules. Spermatophores are not observed in the genital tract of the adults.

• MeSH
• hmyz anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH